Routing Policies in Named Data Networking

Steve DiBenedettoChristos Papadopoulos

Dan Massey

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Introduction

• Inter-domain routing is policy-based

• ICNs may lead to new & interesting policies

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A DC

Business Relations – Gao ‘00• Policies are defined by economic incentives– Selection– Propagation

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AT&T Level 3Peers

CSUSiblings

Prov

ider

Cust

omer

Route Selection

• Prefer 1. Customers 2. Peers3. Providers

Self

Provider

Customer

Peer

Destination

Propagation: Valley-Free

• After a provider customer or peer peer edge– No customer provider edges– No Peer peer edges

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2

1 3

0

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3

4

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Motivation

• Policy can guide Named Data Networking (NDN) routing research– No inter-domain protocol (yet)

• Discuss possibilities and get real world feedback

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NDN Background

• Route on content names• “Breadcrumbs” & de-duplication of requests• Cache retrieved data

? /nytimes.com/today

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Outline

• NDN Policy Knobs

• Economic Incentives & Policies

• Conclusions

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Policy Knobs

• Tunable parameters that control policy

• IP Networking: Control plane knobs– Route selection & propagation

• NDN: Control & Data plane knobs– Content Store (CS)/Cache– Pending Interest Table (PIT)– Forwarding Information Base (FIB)

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Control Plane Knobs

• IP Networking: BGP– Path attributes select 1 best route

• NDN:– Select multiple routes

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FIB Knob

• Determine subset of interfaces to forward out

R1X

C1

Popular Video

R2

C2

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Content Store Knob: Cache Access

• Allow:– Check CS and then PIT (if no match)

• Cache Only– Drop if CS miss

• Deny– Drop without check

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Data Packet Knobs

• Forwarded Interests expect answers– Subject to “best effort”– Unsolicited content is dropped

• Content policy = caching policy

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Outline

• Policy Knobs

• Economic Incentives & Policies

• Conclusions

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Policies & Incentives

• Policies driven by economic incentives– Guide route selection & propagation– Do not expect dramatic change in motivation

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AT&T Level 3Peers

CSUSiblings

Prov

ider

Cust

omer

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Multi-Path Incentives

• Using multiple paths = paying multiple times• Need to choose between cost & robustness

P1 P2

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$8/Mb $10/Mb

Popular Video

$4/Mb$2/Mb

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Caching Incentives

• Little incentive for (some) providers to cache

P1 P2

C1 C2Content

P2 profits sending traffic to C2P1 wants traffic balance

C1 wants to save $$$

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Cache Sharing

• Limit access to cache & customers’ content– Reciprocity agreements

• Provides “discount” multi-path options

P2

C

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Video #2

Video #1

R

P1

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Routing Rebates

• Offer cached content to provider to reduce bill– Like solar power & rolling back meter

P1 P2

C

Popular Video

Video: $1/Mb

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PIT Policies

• Race condition between Interests• May raise SLA conflicts

P

R1X

Popular Video

R2

C

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Outline

• Policy Knobs

• Economic Incentives & Policies

• Conclusions

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Conclusions

• Policy mostly tied to routing & Interests– NDN policy: control & data planes

• Inter-domain multi-path raises policy questions

• Caching benefits peers & customers

• Need scalable way to share cache info!

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Going Forward

• Still more policies/knobs to be realized

• How to implement policies in NDN– Performance cost of policies?

• Input needed!– Desirable knobs & policies?

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Thanks!

• Email: dibenede@cs.colostate.edu