Routing in the cloud

Routing in the CloudAzure Traffic Manager and Amazon Route

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Udaiappa Ramachandran ( Udai )@nhcloud

Who am I?

• Udaiappa Ramachandran ( Udai )• Chief Architect, Ektron, Inc.,• Azure Insider• New Hampshire Cloud User Group (http://www.nashuaug.org )• Focus on Cloud Computing

• Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services

• http://cloudycode.wordpress.com• @nhcloud

http://www.nashuaug.org/

http://cloudycode.wordpress.com/

Agenda

• DNS• Routing Types• Azure Traffic Manager• Amazon Route 53• References• Q & A

Why need Routing?

• High Availability• Low latency• High Performance

Domain Naming System

• What is DNS?• DNS Record Types

• A or AAAA• NS• CNAME• MX• SOA

Routing Types

• Simple• Round Robin• Weighted• Performance or Latency• Failover

Load balance incoming traffic across multiple hosted Windows Azure services to provide your applications high performance, availability and resiliency.

Windows Azure Traffic Manager

Windows Azure Traffic ManagerDNS (Domain Name System) based load balancing of hosted services

Direct user traffic to services running across Windows Azure datacenters based on routing policies

Provide health monitoring to your services

Performance

Direct traffic to “closest” service based on network latency

Round-robin

Distribute traffic equally across all services

FailoverDirect traffic to “backup” service if primary service fails

www.foo.com

foo.trafficmanager.net• Load-balancing• Service health monitoring

HostedServiceHostedServiceHostedService

HostedService

“choose the best performing deployment” between:

Deployment ADeployment BDeployment C

DNS Server

Q: What is www-contoso.trafficmgr.com?

Policy Engine

Traffic Manage

r

5

www-contoso policy

How Traffic Manager Works

Deployment AUS North

Deployment BWest Europe

Deployment C (Down)

IP=11.22.33.44 IP=22.33.44.55IP=33.44.55.66

20ms 80ms

ns1.contoso.comns2.contoso.com

Q: What is www.contoso.com?

A: CNAME to www-contoso.trafficmgr.com

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6

7

8

Which deployments are up?

What are the regions for deployments A and B?

What is the network distance between IP 99.88.77.66 and the US North and West Europe regions?

Users’ LDNSIP=99.88.77.6

6

a.root-servers.net…

k.root-servers.net

Q: What is www.contoso.com?A: Ask ns1/2.contoso.com

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9A: 11.22.33.44

http://www.contoso.com/



Traffic Manager Benefits

Simplifies the task of building highly-reliable and scalable applications by setting up routing policies within minutes

Quick setup

Faster page load and better end-user experience by serving users with the hosted service that is “closest” to them

Performance

Monitor critical applications and providing automatic failover capabilities when a service goes down

Availability

Traffic Manager Scenarios

Build high performing cloud applications

Planning for disaster recovery

Upgrade Cloud Applications seamlessly

Improving PerformanceNorth America Region Europe Region Asia Pacific Region

www.contoso.com

30ms 130ms

240ms

www.contoso.com www-contoso.trafficmanager.net

30ms 20ms40ms

Disaster RecoveryNorth America Region Europe Region Asia Pacific Region

30ms 20ms40ms

Service health monitoring

120ms

Upgrading Windows Azure Application

Subscription

Region A – US North Region B – East Asia

Role 1 Role 1

api-contoso.trafficmanager.net

api.contoso.com

CNAME

api2.cloudapp.netapi.cloudapp.net

Upgraded Role 1

Test application

Traffic Manager Demo

© 2011 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

What is Route 53?

Route 53 is AWS’s authoritative Domain Name (DNS) service

DNS translates domain names (like www.amazon.com) into IP addresses – think of it as a “phone book” for the internet

DNS is a Tier-0 service – availability is most important

We chose the name “Route 53″ as a play on the fact that DNS servers respond to queries on port 53

http://www.amazon.com/


How it Works

Users DNS Resolver Route 53

Where is www.example.com?

I don’t know – I’ll ask the authority

1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4

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Design Principles

Reliable

Fast

Integrated with AWS

Easy to Use

Cost Effective

Flexible

• Redundant locations• Backed with SLA

• Worldwide anycast network• Fast propagation of changes

• ELB-Alias Queries• Latency/Performance Based

Routing• Weighted• Failover

• Console• Programmatic API

• Inexpensive rates• Pay as you go model

• Weighted Round Robin• Self-Aliasing


Route 53’s Key Features

High Availability

DNS

• Highly available and scalable DNS service.

• Map the root or apex of your hosted zone to your Elastic Load Balancer.

• Run applications in multiple AWS regions and route users to the one that provides the lowest latency.

• Specify the frequency with which different responses are served.

Alias Records

Weighted Round Robin

Latency Based Routing


Latency Based Routing (LBR)

Run multiple stacks of your application in different EC2 regions around the world

Create Routing records using the Route 53 API or Console

• Tag each destination end-point to the EC2 region that it’s in • End-points can either be EC2 instances, Elastic IPs or ELBs

Route 53 will route end users to the end-point that provides the lowest latency


LBR BenefitsBetter performance than running in a single region

Improved reliability relative to running in a single region

Easier implementation than traditional DNS solutions

Much lower prices than traditional DNS solutions


Pay-as-you-go Pricing

Hosted Zones• $0.50 per hosted zone / month for the first 25 hosted zones• $0.10 per hosted zone / month for additional hosted zones

Standard Queries• $0.500 per million queries – first 1 Billion queries / month• $0.250 per million queries – over 1 Billion queries / month

Latency Based Routing Queries• $0.750 per million queries – first 1 Billion queries / month

$0.375 per million queries – over 1 Billion queries / month

Alias queries for ELBs free of charge


Getting Started with LBR

Sign up: aws.amazon.com/route53

Create a Hosted Zone

Create your DNS records, including LBR Records

Update your domain registrar with Route 53 name servers

Comparison

Traffic Manager Route53Simple, Round-robin, performance and failover Simple, weighted, round-robin, performance and

failoverDomain Naming system DNS with Authorative (SOA)REST Endpoint REST and SDKFor now it supports Hosted Services (PaaS) PaaS and IaaS supportStateless required Cookie based stickinessCNAME Record Type All types of Record Type

Route 53 Demo

References• http://

msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/hh744833.aspx• http://

www.slideshare.net/windowsazure/windows-azure-traffic-manager-overview

• http://www.slideshare.net/AmazonWebServices/route-53-latency-based-routing

• http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/Welcome.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(DNS)#DNS_resolvers• http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd197515(v=WS.10).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/hh744833.aspx



http://www.slideshare.net/windowsazure/windows-azure-traffic-manager-overview



http://www.slideshare.net/AmazonWebServices/route-53-latency-based-routing




http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/Welcome.html



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(DNS)#DNS_resolvers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(DNS)#DNS_resolvers

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd197515(v=WS.10).aspx



Question?

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Routing in the cloud

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