Router Fundamentals

Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router Fundamentals Chapter 4

Jetking Infotrain Ltd.

Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Chapter ObjectivesExplain router componentsExplain router installationDiscuss router boot sequenceDefine Internetwork Operating System (IOS)Explain Command Line Interface (CLI)Perform initial router configuration Set hostname, banners and passwords for the routerManage the configuration register


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Recall - IDifferent network devices include:HubsRoutersSwitchesBridgesRepeatersDifferent types of hubs include:ActivePassiveHybrid


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Recall - IIDifferent WAN devices include:WAN SwitchAccess ServerModemChannel Service UnitISDN Terminal Adapter


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router ComponentsRouter components allow the router to enter the bootup process, load its operating system, and configuration files


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router Boot SequenceThe router requires all the router components during its bootup


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Internetwork Operating System IOS acts as an interface between the network devices and the userIt is stored in the flash memory of the routerThe Cisco IOS software requires the processor of the system for configuring and maintaining the network devices Different features of IOS include:Support for different technologies Scalability Security


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router PortsRouter ports help to configure the router, verify its configuration and access Cisco IOS


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Rear Panel of the Cisco Router


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.CLI Modes


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.CLI PromptsCLI prompts allow you to navigate and recognize the mode that you have enteredCLI prompts include:Interfaces Sub-InterfacesLineRouter


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Accessing Help and History

CommandDescription?Help for all available commands in the modeCommand ?Describes all the first parameters of the commandcom?Lists the commands that begin with comcommand parm?Lists the characters that begin with parmcommand parmWhen the tab is pressed in between the word, the CLI completes the word. If the CLI is idle, it indicates that the typed characters can form more possible wordscommand parm1 ?Lists all the next parameters and their description


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Enhanced Editing Commands - I The enhanced editing commands include:Ctrl + A - Moves the cursor to the beginning of a lineCtrl+E - Moves the cursor to the end of the lineEsc+B - Move the cursor back by one wordCtrl+B - Move the cursor back by one characterCtrl+F - Move the cursor forward by one characterEsc+F - Move the cursor forward by one wordCtrl+D - Deletes one character


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Enhanced Editing Commands - IIBackspace - Deletes one characterCtrl+R - Recalls a lineCtrl+U - Deletes a lineCtrl+W - Deletes a wordCtrl+Z - Returns to EXEC from the configuration modeTab - Finishes typing a word


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router History Commands

Command Description Ctrl+P or Up arrowDisplays the last command enteredCtrl+N or Down arrowDisplays the previously entered commandsshow historyDisplays the last 10 command enteredshow terminalDisplays terminal configuration and size of history bufferterminal history sizeAllows to change the buffer size


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Router Administrative FunctionsRouter administrative functions allow easy troubleshooting and maintenance of routersRouter administrative function include:Assigning hostnameAssigning bannerssetting password


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.BannersBanner is a message displayed to all the users when they access the router through Telnet, console and auxiliary portsIt can be used to display information about the router itself or nay kind of security message Four types of banners available for the Cisco routers are: Message of the day banner Exec process creation banner Incoming terminal line banner Login banner


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Summary - IThe router components enable the router to start the boot up process, load its operating system, and load its configuration filesThe Power-On-Self-Test or the POST component provides a series of diagnostic tests for the routerThe POST is a series of 14 tests that run in the reverse numerical orderThe bootstrap program or the ROM Monitor component enables you to initialize the processor hardware when the router boots


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Summary - IIThe bootstrap program loads the IOS image for the routerThe different values for the image in the configuration register are:0x0 - Boots the router into ROM monitor mode0x1 - Boots the router using the Mini-IOS0x20xF - Boots the router using the default boot sequence


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Summary - IIIThe boot system commands in the startup-config file are:boot system flash IOS filename - Enables you to boot from flash memoryboot system tftp IOS filename tftp server ip address - Enables you to boot from a TFTP serverboot system rom - Enables you boot from system ROM


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Summary - IVThe bootstrap program offers a console-based interface or monitor for working with the programMini-IOS component provides an alternate file for the router boot up, if the existing image file is unavailableROM monitor is a component stored in the microcode of RAMThe flash memory contains IOS using which the router can boot


Release 16/07/2009Jetking Infotrain Ltd.Summary - VNVRAM or Non-Volatile RAM is a type of random access memory that stores the configuration files for the routerConfiguration register is a component that controls the booting process of a routerThe router can be connected through console port, auxillary port or Telnet programCLI is a character or text based interface that allows manual configuration of the routerUser Exec Mode enables you to work with the router and execute very simple commands


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Router Fundamentals

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