Router Fundamentals

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Router Fundamentals Chapter 4

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Transcript of Router Fundamentals

Page 1: Router Fundamentals

Router Fundamentals

Chapter 4

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Chapter Objectives

Explain router components Explain router installation Discuss router boot sequence Define Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Explain Command Line Interface (CLI) Perform initial router configuration Set hostname, banners and passwords for the

router Manage the configuration register

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Recall - I Different network devices include:

Hubs Routers Switches Bridges Repeaters

Different types of hubs include: Active Passive Hybrid

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Recall - II

Different WAN devices include: WAN Switch Access Server Modem Channel Service Unit ISDN Terminal Adapter

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Router Components

Router components allow the router to enter the bootup process, load its operating system, and configuration files

Router Components

Processor ROM RAM Flash NVRAMConfiguration

Register

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Router Boot Sequence

The router requires all the router components during its bootup

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Internetwork Operating System IOS acts as an interface between the network

devices and the user It is stored in the flash memory of the router The Cisco IOS software requires the processor of

the system for configuring and maintaining the network devices

Different features of IOS include: Support for different technologies Scalability Security

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Router Ports

Router ports help to configure the router, verify its configuration and access Cisco IOS

Router Ports

Console Port Auxiliary Port

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Rear Panel of the Cisco Router

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CLI Modes

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CLI Prompts

CLI prompts allow you to navigate and recognize the mode that you have entered

CLI prompts include: Interfaces Sub-Interfaces Line Router

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Accessing Help and History

Command Description

? Help for all available commands in the mode

Command ? Describes all the first parameters of the command

com? Lists the commands that begin with com

command parm? Lists the characters that begin with parm

command parm<Tab>

When the tab is pressed in between the word, the CLI completes the word. If the CLI is idle, it indicates that the typed characters can form more possible words

command parm1 ? Lists all the next parameters and their description

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Enhanced Editing Commands - I The enhanced editing commands include:

Ctrl + A - Moves the cursor to the beginning of a line

Ctrl+E - Moves the cursor to the end of the line Esc+B - Move the cursor back by one word Ctrl+B - Move the cursor back by one character Ctrl+F - Move the cursor forward by one character Esc+F - Move the cursor forward by one word Ctrl+D - Deletes one character

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Enhanced Editing Commands - II

Backspace - Deletes one character Ctrl+R - Recalls a line Ctrl+U - Deletes a line Ctrl+W - Deletes a word Ctrl+Z - Returns to EXEC from the configuration

mode Tab - Finishes typing a word

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Router History Commands

Command Description

Ctrl+P or Up arrow Displays the last command entered

Ctrl+N or Down arrow Displays the previously entered commands

show history Displays the last 10 command entered

show terminal Displays terminal configuration and size of history buffer

terminal history size Allows to change the buffer size

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Router Administrative Functions Router administrative functions allow easy

troubleshooting and maintenance of routers Router administrative function include:

Assigning hostname Assigning banners setting password

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Banners

Banner is a message displayed to all the users when they access the router through Telnet, console and auxiliary ports

It can be used to display information about the router itself or nay kind of security message

Four types of banners available for the Cisco routers are: Message of the day banner Exec process creation banner Incoming terminal line banner Login banner

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Summary - I

The router components enable the router to start the boot up process, load its operating system, and load its configuration files

The Power-On-Self-Test or the POST component provides a series of diagnostic tests for the router

The POST is a series of 14 tests that run in the reverse numerical order

The bootstrap program or the ROM Monitor component enables you to initialize the processor hardware when the router boots

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Summary - II

The bootstrap program loads the IOS image for the router

The different values for the image in the configuration register are: 0x0 - Boots the router into ROM monitor mode 0x1 - Boots the router using the Mini-IOS 0x2–0xF - Boots the router using the default boot

sequence

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Summary - III

The boot system commands in the startup-config file are: boot system flash IOS filename - Enables you to

boot from flash memory boot system tftp IOS filename tftp server ip

address - Enables you to boot from a TFTP server boot system rom - Enables you boot from system

ROM

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Summary - IV

The bootstrap program offers a console-based interface or monitor for working with the program

Mini-IOS component provides an alternate file for the router boot up, if the existing image file is unavailable

ROM monitor is a component stored in the microcode of RAM

The flash memory contains IOS using which the router can boot

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Summary - V

NVRAM or Non-Volatile RAM is a type of random access memory that stores the configuration files for the router

Configuration register is a component that controls the booting process of a router

The router can be connected through console port, auxillary port or Telnet program

CLI is a character or text based interface that allows manual configuration of the router

User Exec Mode enables you to work with the router and execute very simple commands