Router Basics Chapter 6 Connecting People To Information.
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Router Basics Chapter 6 Connecting People To Information Connecting People To Information
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Transcript of Router Basics Chapter 6 Connecting People To Information.
Router Basics
Chapter 6
Connecting People To InformationConnecting People To Information
Starting Up a Router
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External Configuration Sources
• Configuration information can come from many sources
Console Port
Auxiliary Port
Interfaces
VirtualTerminals
VTY 0 4
TFTP Server
Network ManagementStation
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ConsoleConsole
AuxiliaryAuxiliaryInterfacesInterfaces
RAMRAM NVRAMNVRAM FlashFlash ROMROM
Internal Configuration Components (cont.)
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An Overview of System Startup
• System startup routines initiate router software
• Fallback routines provide startup alternatives as needed
Check hardware
Find and load Cisco IOS software image
Find and apply router configuration information
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Initializing a RouterPOSTPOST
Run RXBoot Image
Run RXBoot Image
CheckConfig
Reg
Enter ROMMonitor Mode
Enter ROMMonitor Mode
Load IOSSubset
Load IOSSubset
Load from TFTP ServerLoad from
TFTP Server
Load IOSLoad IOS
Load IOSSubset
Load IOSSubset
Load from ROM
Load from ROM
Load from Flash
Load from Flash
ReadNVRAM
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Initializating a Router (cont.)
Can I find it?
Is there a
configuration file?
Yes
No
TFTPServer Yes
Where is it?
Load configuration
file
Load configuration
file
NVRAMLoad alternate configuration
file
RunAutoInstall
RunAutoInstall
NoSetupModeSetupMode
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Router Modes (cont.)
Privileged EXEC ModeDetailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access.
Router#
Router>
User EXEC ModeLimited examination of router. Remote access.
Global Configuration ModeCommands that affect the system as a whole.
Router>
User EXEC Mode
Limited examination of router. Remote access.
Privileged EXEC Mode
Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access.Router#
Used if the operating system does notexist in Flash or the boot sequence was interrupted during startup.
ROM Monitor Mode
> or rommon>
Prompted dialog used to establish an initial configuration.
Setup Mode
RXBoot Mode
Boot helper software which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory.Router<boot>
Router(config)#
Complex and multiline configurations.Other Configuration Modes
Router(config - mode)#
Accessing the User Interface
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Overview of the User Interface
User Mode• “Look-Only” mode
Privileged Mode• Access to command modes
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Logging in to the Router
Router>Router>enablePassword:Router#Router#exitRouter>Router>logout
Console
Router con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
User mode promptUser mode prompt
Privileged mode promptPrivileged mode prompt
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Router>?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC mrinfo Request neighbor and version information from a
multicast router -- More --
User Mode Command List
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Router#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy configuration or image data debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase flash or configuration memory exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC mbranch Trace multicast route down tree branch --More--
Privileged Mode Command List
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Router#clokTranslating "clo"...domain server (255.255.255.255)% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address
Router#cl?clear clock
Router#clock% Incomplete command.
Router#clock ?set Set the time and date
Router#clock set% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set ?Current Time (hh:mm:ss)
Router#clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set 19:56:00 ?<1-31> Day of the monthMONTH Month of the year
Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 8. ^% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker
Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.
Router#clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?<1993-2035> Year
Context-Sensitive Help
• Symbolic translation • Keyword completion• Last command recall <Ctrl><P>
• Command prompting• Syntax checking
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Router Status Commands
RAM
Internetwork Operating System
ProgramsTables
and Buffers
DynamicConfigurationInformation
NVRAM Flash
BackupBackupConfigurationConfiguration
FileFile
Operating Operating SystemsSystems
IInntteerrffaacceess
Router#show interfacesRouter#show interfaces
Router#show memRouter#show ip routeRouter#show memRouter#show ip route
Router#show flashRouter#show flash
Router#show startup-configRouter#show startup-config
Router#show running-configRouter#show running-config
Router#show processes CPURouter#show protocolsRouter#show processes CPURouter#show protocols
Router#show versionRouter#show version
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Router#show version
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuongImage text-base: 0x0303ED8C, data-base: 0x00001000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWAREROM: 2500-XBOOT Bootstrap Software, Version 10.1(1), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
router uptime is 1 week, 3 days, 32 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "c2500-js-l", booted via tftp from 171.69.1.129
--More--
show version Command
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Router#show startup-configUsing 1108 out of 130048 bytes!version 11.2!hostname router
-- More --
show startup-config Command and show running-config Command
• Use write terminal with Release 10.2 and earlier
• Use show config with Release 10.2 and earlier
Router#show running-configBuilding configuration...
Current configuration:!version 11.2!
-- More --
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Router#show interfaces Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MK5025 Internet address is 183.8.64.129, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:01, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 2000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 331885 packets input, 62400237 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 230457 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 3 input errors, 3 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 403591 packets output, 66717279 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets, 0 restarts 45 carrier transitions
show interfaces Command
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Router#show protocolsGlobal values: Internet Protocol routing is enabled DECNET routing is enabled XNS routing is enabled Vines routing is enabled Appletalk routing is enabled Novell routing is enabled --More-- Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 183.8.128.2, subnet mask is 255.255.255.128 Decnet cost is 5 XNS address is 3010.aa00.0400.0284 CLNS enabled Vines metric is 32 AppleTalk address is 3012.93, zone ld-e0 Novell address is 3010.aa00.0400.0284 --More--
show protocols Command
