Ammonia : NH3

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin or EyesEffects of Exposure/ symptoms 700 ppm causes eye

irritation and permanent injury may result if prompt medical remedial measures are not taken. 5000 ppm may cause death. Contact of the liquid with skin freezes the tissues and causes the caustic burns. Respiratory track irritant. Irritation to cornea and tearing, liquid contact with eyes, partial or total blindness if not treated immediately. Chemical burns and frostbite.

Ammonia : NH3

Personal Protective Equipment• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours • Provide rubber boots, safety goggles, self-

contained breathing apparatus, gas mask and protective clothing in case of liquid ammonia.

Carbon mono oxide : CO

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin and Eyes

Human systematic effects by inhalation, changes in psycho-physiological tests and preventing haemoglobin from binding oxygen. Contact of liquid CO with skin causes frostbite. Eye contact causes severe injury.

Carbon mono oxide : CO

Personal Protective Equipment

• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. • Provide self-contained breathing apparatus,

face shield or safety goggles, safety shoes, appropriate canister mask, rubber over-clothing, hand gloves.

Chlorine : Cl2

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes.

Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Causes Eye irritation, sneezing, copious salivation, general excitement, restlessness. High concentration causes respiratory distress and violent coughing, often with retching. Death may result from suffocation.

Chlorine : Cl2

Personal Protective Equipment• Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. • Provide PVC gloves, gumboots, rubber

overcoat, head mask, self-contained breathing apparatus.

Hydrogen : H2

Routes of Entry : Skin, Inhalation

Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms: If atmosphere does not contain enough oxygen, inhalation causes dizziness, unconsciousness or even death. Contact with eyes or skin or liquid H2 causes freezing similar to burn.

Hydrogen : H2

Personal Protective Equipment• Avoid contact with liquid or gas• Provide safety goggles, face shied, insulated

gloves and long sleeves, trousers Worn over high top shoes to shed spilled liquid, self-contained breathing apparatus containing air (never use oxygen).

Hydrochloric acid : HCl

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes

Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms. Inhalation: The major effects of acute exposure to HCL are usually limited to upper Respiratory tract. Exposure to the gas causes cough, burning of the throat and larynx and Choking feeling, inflammation and ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx. Exposure to Higher concentration may cause laryngeal spasm, and oedema of the lungs and vocal Cords. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dental decolouration and erosion. Gastritis and chronic bronchitis have also been reported in exposed workers. Giddiness, Mental confusion and nausea.

Hydrochloric acid : HClSkin contact: Cause skin burns and may produce keloid and

rectile scarring. Facial burns May result in serious and disfiguring scars. Frequent contact with dilute acid may cause Dermatitis and photo-sensitisation may result from industrial contact.

Eye Contact: Hydrochloric acid is a strong eye irritant and contact with the acid may Cause burns, reduced vision and total blindness.

Ingestion: Ingestion of HCL causes severe burns and corrosion of mouth oesophagus and Stomach. Symptom include dysphasia, pain, nausea, vomiting , Diarrhoea and thirst. Circulatory collapse may occur and ingestion may lead to fatal effects from oesophagus or gastric necrosis.

Hydrochloric acid : HCl

Personal Protective Equipment• Approved respirator, Safety goggles,

neoprene, viton or butyl rubber glove and acid resistant outer clothing

• Mechanical exhaust.

Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, skin & eyes Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms, Inhalation : If high

concentrations are inhaled, hypernoea & piratory paralysis may occur. Very high concentration may produce pulmonary edema.

Skin & eyes: Causes severe irritation.

Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S

Personal Protective Equipment• Avoid contact with gas. • Provide rubber framed side covered goggles,

approved respirator, rubber hand gloves, over-clothing and shoes.

Caustic Soda : NaOH

Routes of Entry :Inhalation, Skin, Ingestion & Eyes.Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms - Inhalation : Causes

small burns to upper respiratory tract & lungs, mild nose irritation.

Ingestion : Causes severe damage to mucous membrane, severe scaring or perforation may occur.

Eyes: Severe damage. Skin: Causes severe burns.

Caustic Soda : NaOH

Personal Protective Equipment• Avoid contact with solid or liquid.• Provide side covered safety goggles, face

shield, filter or dust-type respirator, rubber shoes and rubber hand gloves.

Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Eyes and SkinEffects of Exposure/ Symptoms Vapour

causes irritation of eyes & lungs with severe choking. Liquid will cause frostbite. Vapours are poisonous, if inhaled.

Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2

Personal Protective Equipment

• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours.• Provide air supplied mask or approved

canister, safety goggles or face-shield, rubber hand gloves, shoes, aprons.

Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, contact, ingestionEffects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Irritates eyes, nose,

throat, dental erosion, skin and eyes, burn. Causes deep burn to tissue. Very dilute solution causes dermatitis. Exposure cause bronchitis.

Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4

Personal Protective Equipment • Rubber gloves, safety goggles, acid proof

overalls. Provide safety shower, eyewash Fountain, self contained breathing apparatus.