Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year? - NPLS · Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year? Rabbi Lea Mühlstein 3...

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Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year? Rabbi Lea Mühlstein 3 October 2016 Since I was a child, I have always loved annual reviews of the past year. In the 1980s, these would primarily be special Decemberedition magazines produced by newspaper and magazine publishers, with the odd book for those who were really committed, and one or two offerings on TV. These days the number of reviews on offer is so great that even a fan like myself has no chance of reading or watching them all. The New Yorker magazine alone featured 42 different reviews of the year 2015 ranging from “The Good News from 2015” to “The Year in Internet Memes and SocialMedia Obsessions.” Hayom harat olam – with these words, we declare after the blowing of the shofar that today is the birthday of the world! Rather than waiting till December, for us Jews this is the day to review the past year. We are called upon to do this in a very personal way – to engage in cheshbon hanefesh "an accounting of the soul." We are asked to examine the credit and debit columns of our lives to determine where we've made a profit, so to speak, and where a loss, where we've built up capital, and where we've depleted it. The journey that our liturgy takes us on during the High Holy Day services can hopefully serve as both an anchor and a springboard for our own personal reflections. But there is also a communal task of reflection that we may wish to engage in together. What has the past year meant for us as a community? Are we in a better place this year than last year? Should we be looking towards the future with optimism or with pessimism? As the old joke goes “two Jews three opinions,” so my guess is that you would all give slightly different answers. Rabbi Aaron and our chair Mimi Konigsberg are eternal optimists so I’m sure they’d be telling you how great everything is and our synagogue’s annual review certainly backs up their view. But if we think beyond the confines of our own community and reflect on the status of the Jewish community in Britain more widely and of the community of human beings, I would guess that a number of you are not brimming with optimism. In yesterday’s sermon, Rabbi Aaron gave you plenty of material to back up a negative view of the past year. And the pessimists amongst us are certainly in good company a YouGov survey carried out at the beginning of the year found that only 4% of Britons thought that the world is getting better with a staggering 65% believing that the world is getting worse. But is it really true that the world is getting worse? The answer is a resounding NO. The feelings invoked by the negative headlines that we read every day simply cannot be backed up by hard facts. Rather, as the Swedish journalist Johan Norberg shows in his recent book “Progress: Ten Reasons to Look forward to the Future” the human race has never been richer, healthier, freer, safer, betterfed or educated.

Transcript of Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year? - NPLS · Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year? Rabbi Lea Mühlstein 3...

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Rosh Hashanah 5777 A good year?

Rabbi Lea Mühlstein 3 October 2016

Since  I  was  a  child,  I  have  always  loved  annual  reviews  of  the  past  year.  In  the  1980s,  these  would  primarily  be  special  December-­‐edition  magazines  produced  by  newspaper  and  magazine  publishers,  with  the  odd  book  for  those  who  were  really  committed,  and  one  or  two  offerings  on  TV.  These  days  the  number  of  reviews  on  offer  is  so  great  that  even  a  fan  like  myself  has  no  chance  of  reading  or  watching  them  all.  The  New  Yorker  magazine  alone  featured  42  different  reviews  of  the  year  2015  ranging  from  “The  Good  News  from  2015”  to  “The  Year  in  Internet  Memes  and  Social-­‐Media  Obsessions.”    Hayom  harat  olam  –  with  these  words,  we  declare  after  the  blowing  of  the  shofar  that  today  is  the  birthday  of  the  world!  Rather  than  waiting  till  December,  for  us  Jews  this  is  the  day  to  review  the  past  year.    We  are  called  upon  to  do  this  in  a  very  personal  way  –  to  engage  in  cheshbon  hanefesh  "an  accounting  of  the  soul."  We  are  asked  to  examine  the  credit  and  debit  columns  of  our  lives  to  determine  where  we've  made  a  profit,  so  to  speak,  and  where  a  loss,  where  we've  built  up  capital,  and  where  we've  depleted  it.    The  journey  that  our  liturgy  takes  us  on  during  the  High  Holy  Day  services  can  hopefully  serve  as  both  an  anchor  and  a  springboard  for  our  own  personal  reflections.    But  there  is  also  a  communal  task  of  reflection  that  we  may  wish  to  engage  in  together.  What  has  the  past  year  meant  for  us  as  a  community?  Are  we  in  a  better  place  this  year  than  last  year?  Should  we  be  looking  towards  the  future  with  optimism  or  with  pessimism?    As  the  old  joke  goes  “two  Jews  three  opinions,”  so  my  guess  is  that  you  would  all  give  slightly  different  answers.  Rabbi  Aaron  and  our  chair  Mimi  Konigsberg  are  eternal  optimists  so  I’m  sure  they’d  be  telling  you  how  great  everything  is  and  our  synagogue’s  annual  review  certainly  backs  up  their  view.    But  if  we  think  beyond  the  confines  of  our  own  community  and  reflect  on  the  status  of  the  Jewish  community  in  Britain  more  widely  and  of  the  community  of  human  beings,  I  would  guess  that  a  number  of  you  are  not  brimming  with  optimism.    In  yesterday’s  sermon,  Rabbi  Aaron  gave  you  plenty  of  material  to  back  up  a  negative  view  of  the  past  year.  And  the  pessimists  amongst  us  are  certainly  in  good  company  -­‐  a  YouGov  survey  carried  out  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  found  that  only  4%  of  Britons  thought  that  the  world  is  getting  better  with  a  staggering  65%  believing  that  the  world  is  getting  worse.    But  is  it  really  true  that  the  world  is  getting  worse?  The  answer  is  a  resounding  NO.  The  feelings  invoked  by  the  negative  headlines  that  we  read  every  day  simply  cannot  be  backed  up  by  hard  facts.  Rather,  as  the  Swedish  journalist  Johan  Norberg  shows  in  his  recent  book  “Progress:  Ten  Reasons  to  Look  forward  to  the  Future”  the  human  race  has  never  been  richer,  healthier,  freer,  safer,  better-­‐fed  or  educated.  

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Norberg  reminds  us  that  life  used  to  be  nasty,  brutish  and  short.  In  1820,  a  little  under  half  of  the  British  population  lived  in  what  we  would  now  term  extreme  poverty;  this  is  the  kind  of  abject  misery  that  today  you  only  see  in  places  such  as  Haiti  or  Zimbabwe.    Of  course,  there  are  still  plenty  of  poor  people  around  the  world  and  even  in  our  neighbourhoods,  but  humanity  is  making  great  strides  in  eradicating  poverty:  in  the  time  that  we  will  have  spent  in  the  service  this  morning,  over  15,000  people  will  have  risen  out  of  poverty.    Fifteen  thousand!    Enlightenment  values  have  civilised  us,  too.  Norberg  borrows  from  Steven  Pinker’s  The  Better  Angels  of  Our  Nature  to  show  that  we  are  becoming  less  violent.  The  past  century  seems  bloodsoaked  until  you  consider  that  the  An  Lushan  Rebellion  in  8th-­‐century  China  brought  about  the  deaths  of  13  million  people  —  5  per  cent  of  the  world’s  population  in  a  little  more  than  seven  years  -­‐  to  quote  just  one  of  many  examples.    Norberg  does  not  shy  away  from  addressing  the  question  of  terrorism  but  he  responds:  “More  Europeans  drown  in  their  own  bathtubs,  and  ten  times  more  die  falling  down  stairs  than  die  at  the  hands  of  terrorists.  In  fact,  the  risk  of  being  caught  up  in  a  war,  subjected  to  a  dictatorship  or  of  dying  in  a  natural  disaster  is  smaller  than  ever.  The  golden  age  is  now.”    If  we  look  empirically  at  the  health  of  the  Jewish  community,  certainly  our  community  in  Britain,  it  is  difficult  to  deny  that  we  are  living  in  a  golden  age.  We  can  practise  our  religion  freely  and  are  not  restricted  in  the  choices  for  our  personal  and  professional  lives.  While  antisemitism  still  exists,  it  will  only  rarely  touch  us  personally.    We  have  truly  come  a  long  way:  When  the  Munich  Agreement  of  1938  and  the  violence  of  the  November  pogroms,  termed  by  the  Nazis  Reichskristallnacht,  forced  my  grandparents  to  move  from  their  hometown  in  the  Sudetenland  to  Prague,  they  were  not  sufficiently  alarmed  to  try  and  flee  further  away  but  instead  considered  it  just  another  wave  of  antisemitism  that  would  wash  away  and  eventually  allow  them  to  return  to  their  home.  In  contrast,  the  terror  attacks  in  France  in  2015  led  to  a  doubling  in  the  number  of  French  Jews  making  Aliyah  to  Israel.    In  no  way,  do  I  want  to  belittle  the  fear  that  French  Jews,  and,  more  generally,  Jews  across  the  world  feel  in  light  of  terror  attacks  in  the  West,  but  we  should  note  that  it  is  a  sign  of  how  good  life  is  for  us  that  our  sensitivity  threshold  for  tolerating  antisemitism  has  decreased  so  significantly.    So,  if  everything  points  to  the  fact  that  we  are  living  in  a  golden  age,  why  can’t  we  see  it?    Norberg  explains  that  “We’ve  evolved  to  be  suspicious  and  fretful:  fear  and  worry  are  tools  for  survival.  The  hunters  and  gatherers  who  survived  sudden  storms  and  predators  were  the  ones  who  had  a  tendency  to  scan  the  horizon  for  new  threats,  rather  than  sit  back  and  enjoy  the  view.  They  passed  their  stress  genes  on  to  us.”i    Nostalgia,  too,  is  biological:  as  we  get  older,  it  is  easy  to  mistake  changes  in  ourselves  for  changes  in  the  world.  Norberg  describes  how  “when  he  ask  people  about  their  ideal  era,  the  moment  in  world  history  when  they  think  it  was  the  most  harmonious  and  happy,  they  say  it  was  the  era  they  grew  up  in.  They  describe  a  time  before  everything  became  confusing  and  dangerous,  the  young  became  rude,  or  listened  to  awful  music,  or  stopped  reading  books  in  order  to  just  play  Pokémon  Go.”    So  it  seems  that  we  are  biologically  hard-­‐wired  to  be  nostalgic  pessimists.  Yet  our  Jewish  tradition  tries  to  teach  us  otherwise.    

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The  Torah  acknowledges  human  nature:  What  is  the  first  thing  that  the  Jews  do  when  they  are  liberated  from  slavery?  They  complain  to  Moses  that  the  food  was  better  in  Egypt!  But  rather  than  passing  on  to  us  a  set  of  stories  of  the  good  old  days,  our  sacred  scriptures  are  filled  with  real  life  stories,  some  of  happy  periods  but  many,  if  not  most,  are  stories  of  misery  –  of  famine,  oppression,  family  feuds,  rape  and  impossible  choices,  just  think  of  today’s  Torah  reading.    Our  scriptures  teach  us  that  there  is  no  such  thing  as  “the  good  old  days.”  When  we  are  instructed  to  look  back,  we  are  asked  to  recall  the  times  when  we  faced  oppression  and  persecution  so  that  we  shall  be  compassionate  to  the  disadvantaged  in  our  society.    Ki  gerim  hayitem  be’eretz  mitzrayim  –  for  you  were  strangers  in  the  land  of  Egypt;  Zachor  et  asher  asah  lecha  Amalek  ba-­‐derech  betzetchem  mimitzrayim  –  Remember  what  Amalek  did  to  you  on  your  way  out  of  Egypt!    I  believe  Judaism  from  the  onset  has  understood  the  power  and  value  of  hope  and  optimism  for  the  future;  because  it  can  actually  be  dangerous  if  we  are  not  able  to  see  the  progress  that  we  have  made.  A  society  that  believes  everything  is  getting  worse,  will  begin  to  search  for  scapegoats  for  the  problems  that  remain.  As  Jews  we  understand  all  too  well,  how  dangerous  it  can  be  for  minorities  in  particular  when  a  society  decides  to  try  its  luck  with  demagogues  who  offer  simple  solutions  to  make  our  nations  great  again.    Having  hope  is  not  simple  –  Isaiah  and  so  many  other  prophets  have  to  keep  reminding  us  that  the  world  could  be  a  perfect  place.  Maybe  one  of  the  most  positive  effects  of  life  getting  better  for  everyone  is  that  as  we  get  healthier,  richer  and  freer,  our  tolerance  for  not  tackling  curable  diseases,  for  poverty  and  for  social  injustice  actually  diminishes.    Appreciating  how  good  our  life  is  compared  to  the  lives  of  our  ancestors  can  help  us  to  respond  to  the  needs  of  others.  In  the  past  year,  our  community  has  given  so  generously  in  support  of  asylum  seekers  and  refugees  and  there  is  still  much  work  that  can  be  done,  especially  locally.    We  have  been  supporting  our  local  food  bank  as  well  as  the  local  homelessness  charity  New  Hope,  and  will  do  so  again  during  Sukkot.  But  there  are  also  other  areas  of  social  injustice  that  we  should  be  concerned  about.  In  the  coming  year,  rabbis  from  across  the  denominational  spectrum  will  work  together  under  the  umbrella  of  Tzelem  –  The  Rabbinic  Call  for  Social  and  Economic  Justice  to  raise  awareness  of  the  fact  that  almost  12,000  people  are  trapped  in  modern  slavery  in  the  UK  right  now.  The  largest  proportion  of  victims  are  from  Albania  followed  by  Nigeria  and  Vietnam,  but  many  are  British  nationals,  often  teenage  girls  groomed  and  then  forced  into  prostitution.  ii  The  youngest  of  the  women  freed  from  a  brothel  in  Harrow  just  over  two  weeks  ago  was  only  10  years  old!  These  women  are  counted  in  statistics  but  their  lives  don’t  even  count  enough  to  make  it  into  the  local  paper.    Hayom  harat  olam  –  these  words,  which  we  have  translated  in  our  Machzor  to  mean  “This  is  the  birthday  of  the  world”  are  actually  not  quite  so  easily  translatable.  They  convey  a  poetic  and  profound  view  of  Rosh  Hashanah  which  is  called  here  a  “day  of  gestation.”  In  this  sense  Rosh  Hashanah  is  considered  to  be  not  only,  as  the  prayer  later  says,  the  Day  of  Judgment,  but  also  the  day  of  great  potential.    Let  us  look  back  at  the  past  year  and  take  note  of  how  far  we  have  come,  as  individuals,  as  a  community,  as  a  nation,  as  humanity.  Let  us  use  the  energy  of  our  successes  to  carry  us  through  setbacks  and  times  of  pain  and  sorrow.  Let  us  gain  strength  from  the  past  year  that  we  may  exhaust  

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the  full  potential  of  the  year  ahead  so  that  we  will  do  our  part  to  ensure  that  progress  will  continue;  for  this  is  the  only  way  that  we  can  bring  the  messianic  age  closer.    Ken  yehi  ratzon  –  may  this  be  God’s  will.  

       

                                                                                                               i  http://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/08/why-­‐cant-­‐we-­‐see-­‐that-­‐were-­‐living-­‐in-­‐a-­‐golden-­‐age/  ii  Read  more  at:  https://inews.co.uk/essentials/news/uk/global-­‐slavery-­‐index-­‐2016-­‐europe/  and  http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/index/