Roots of American Values?

Where did the ideas of our American values and government come from?

Vocab Slam: What are the big 5?

Who am I?

“we all live in a ‘state of nature’ .......needed to be a system of government to protect basic rights called a ‘social contract’....... and these basic rights are fundamental as human beings called ‘natural rights’.....”

What does this mean?

What are natural rights?

Extras for UnderstandingIf John Locke inspired Thomas Jefferson, what ideas did he inspire?

I. Our Roots from ENGLAND

A. PeopleJohn Locke: philosopher and political scientist whose writings influenced many future thinkersB. Vocabulary

● State of nature: live naturally with no laws or government

● Natural rights: rights we have from birth; life, liberty and property

● Social contract: contract agreed upon by the people to protect their rights; people sacrifice some freedoms in exchange for protection from government

Magna Carta: what ideas are in this document that impacts our country?

Magna Carta:

Understanding the Magna Carta 1215Vocab cont. 1. Magna Carta: Great Charter, 1215

*contract between king and the nobles to share power, the king gives up some of his power*rule of law: both the government and the people must obey the law

*****representative government: a type of government where people are elected to make rules for everyoneEx. Parliament

Cause/Effect C. Reasons for the Magna Carta to the English Bill of Rights

◦ King was too powerful and was forced to share his power with the nobles

◦ Creates a representative government with Parliament: a body of people to represent the governed and make laws

◦ Over time, (400 years) more power is given to the people to allow life, liberty and property

◦ John Locke inspired the nobles to create a fair system with natural rights

Compare these rights to our American system? See any similarities?

Vocab Cont.English Bill of Rights: gave rights to Englishmen and limited the powers of the King, 1689

● free elections for representative government (Parliament)

● allowed to carry weapons● cannot collect taxes without consent● cannot interfere with free speech and

debate● cannot maintain army in time of peace● cannot require excessive bail and cruel

and unusual punishment 1689

What ideas from England will come to America?

Off to the N

ew W

orld

A Charter?What are the politics of the charter that interfere with the promises? Economics?

-. charter: a contract is signed where the British crown receives mineral resources and territory in exchange for an opportunity to explore new places

-the New World was a source of raw materials: mercantilism

- Navigation Acts were passed: a series of trade laws that limited the colonies rights to trade with other countries

***the people can decide how to govern itself and is GUARANTEED full rights and privileges of English men

◦ 3. charter: monarch defines the territory, and the British crown receives mineral resources, territory can decide how to govern itself but GUARANTEED full rights of and priviledges of English men

Under the King’s charter…***the people can decide how to govern itself and is GUARANTEED full rights and privileges of Englishmen

What does this mean to have full privileges?

New World = COLONIAL GOVERNMENT = New Ideas

II. Colonial Government had…

1. Natural Rights

2. Higher Law: English law was higher than colonial law, but still rule of law

3. Separation of Powers: power of the government is separated to create shared government

a. Executive Power: executes the job of the government, governor

b. Legislative made the laws and resembled Parliament

c. Judicial: judges the laws under English rule to handle conflicts

◦ 3. charter: monarch defines the territory, and the British crown receives mineral resources, territory can decide how to govern itself but GUARANTEED full rights of and priviledges of English men

Colonial Government cont.4. Checks and Balances:

power had to be shared amongst the branches, allows branches to check on each other so no branch becomes too powerful,

***like a King

5. Representative government: people elect representatives to be his/her voice in government, ex.) Virginia in 1619

◦ 3. charter: monarch defines the territory, and the British crown receives mineral resources, territory can decide how to govern itself but GUARANTEED full rights of and priviledges of English men

Compare….

England’s Government Colonial Government

In the colonies, what is becoming obvious about their government and life? How many years have you been in the New World? How do you identify?

The

French and Indian War

Too often the seeds of future wars grow from earlier wars. The French and Indian war is a factor in the the American Revolution. Why?

The British have a reason to…

●Why are the British taxing the colonists?◦ Proclamation Line (1763)◦ Stamp Act (1765)◦ Quartering Act (1765)◦ Declaratory Act (1766)◦ Boston Massacre (1770)◦ Tea Act (1773)

Cause and Effect…..

Vocab Cont.

G. First Continental Congress: 12 of 13 colonies sent representatives to a meeting in Philadelphia to start making a unified government…

and then on April 19, 1775…Lexington and Concord...

Lexington and Concord= American Revolution=

Declaration of Independence

What, Where, When

Declaration of Independence: a new social contract?

A. Key Vocabulary1. Second Continental Congress: a group of representatives from each colony meet tocreate the goals of the war

2.Declaration of Independence: document written by five men and Thomas Jefferson to state our beliefs as a new country, along with wrongdoings of Britian

 2. natural rights: B Location: Philadelphia C. Important date: July 4th, 1776

Who? Key people

● Declaration of Independence: a social contract?D. People of the Time

 1. Thomas Jefferson: a 33 yr. old educated man who dabbled in all fields: agriculture, philosophy, science, education

 *chosen to write the Declaration *strong, eloquent writer * known as father of Declaration

 2. Founding Fathers: the men at the Continental Congress responsible for creating the new ideas; they also signed the Declaration, pledging their lives

*Roger Sherman, Ben Franklin, Roger Livingston, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson

  

Why a Declaration?

● Declaration of Independence, cont.

 E. Reasons for the Declaration

  1. need for “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness”* Britian broke the promises of the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights

2. "all men are created equal”   * wanted to be ruled by the people, social contract

  3. throw “unwanted government” out because of broken contract  *no taxation without representation, Boston Massacre, Intolerable Acts

stated the abuses of the King against the colonies

● declared ourselves the United States of America and that we were from here on forward ‘free and independent’ pledging our lives and honor

American Revolution!!!!

Why does this quote from Thomas Jefferson explain the goal of the American Revolution? Why a ‘tree of Liberty?’

ARE: Creating an Argument

It is one thing to have an opinion, (I do not like spinach) but it is another thing to argue a point.(St. Luke’s girl’s sports teams

are treat differently…. Because….. For example)

A R EIt is a crucial skill in speaking, writing and sharing to support your assertions to present a logical argument. Here are the key parts…..

A- Assertion (thesis statement) R- Reasoning (because…….) E- Evidence (For example……)

Articles of Confederation:-a loose alliance between the 13 independent states-national government: the people who make the government who run the country as a whole -each state had one vote no matter the population -Confederation Congress: created only one house of legislature with no executive branch

Positives Negatives● Helped fight America Revolution● Helped to write a treaty with

Britian

● A single state can block a law (ex: Nathan and his lollipop)

● There is no strong national leader: executive branch to balance the branches

● No national money with value and no national bank

Shay’s Rebellion:

What is the significance?

The Constitutional Convention

What are the W’s of this important historical event?

Now… become a delegate….