Rome’s Republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy

landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote.

Chapter 8 Section 2

By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson

Chapter 8 Section 2

By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson

HelloHistory

Students!!

HelloHistory

Students!!

Early Romans were divided into two classes:

PatriciansPatricians WealthyWealthy

landowners landowners who made upwho made upRome’s ruling Rome’s ruling

class. class.

PlebeiansPlebeians Group which Group which

included artisans, included artisans, shopkeepers, and ownersshopkeepers, and owners

of small farms. of small farms. they had less social they had less social status and could not status and could not

hold public office.hold public office.

Both were Roman citizens with the right to vote,the responsibility to pay taxes,

and serve in the army.

The top government The top government officials officials

were were consulsconsuls from the from the patrician patrician

class.class.

Two consuls were Two consuls were

chosen each year to chosen each year to

head the armyhead the army

and and run therun the

government.government.

Each consul Each consul

could could

vetoveto or or rejectreject

the other’sthe other’s

decision.decision.

PraetorsPraetors were chosen to were chosen to act as judges act as judges and and interpret interpret

the law.the law.

Rome’s most important legislative or lawmaking body300 patrician men who served for life.

They proposed laws, held debates on important issues and approved building programs. Who

madethe

Laws?

Another Legislative body that:1.elected consuls and praetors

2. passed laws.

Another Legislative body that:1.elected consuls and praetors

2. passed laws.

These are the steps to …

•In 287 B.C. the Council of the Plebs gained the power to pass laws for all Romans.

As a result:

•Eventually Tribunes won the right to veto government decisions, Plebeians were allowed to marry Patricians and become consuls.

After that:

•Plebeians became angry about their lack of power in the Roman Republic.

•They went on strike, refused to serve in the army, and left the city to set up their own republic.

•The Patricians agreed to allow Plebeians to set up their own body of representatives called the Council of the Plebs with elected Tribunes to represent them.

First:

Next:

Then:

What happene

d?

What happene

d?

An unusual feature of the Roman Republic

was the office of dictator.

An unusual feature of the Roman Republic

was the office of dictator.

Roman dictators had complete control, but served the people

and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies.

Roman dictators had complete control, but served the people

and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies.

c. 519–438 B.C.Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus

A loyal and devoted citizen who was to become dictator when a powerful enemy had surrounded the Roman army.

A loyal and devoted citizen who was to become dictator when a powerful enemy had surrounded the Roman army.

The best known earlyRoman dictator.

The best known earlyRoman dictator.

Defeated the enemy quickly, gave up the position of dictator and returned to his farm.

Defeated the enemy quickly, gave up the position of dictator and returned to his farm.

The inspiration for George WashingtonThe inspiration for George Washington

Became the basis for all future Roman laws

and establishedthe principle thatall free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system.

Became the basis for all future Roman laws

and establishedthe principle thatall free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system.

The Twelve Tableswere placed in the

Forum, Rome’s

marketplace.

The Twelve Tableswere placed in the

Forum, Rome’s

marketplace.

Rome’s first code of laws

was the Twelve Tables .it was demanded

by the Plebeians.

Rome’s first code of laws

was the Twelve Tables .it was demanded

by the Plebeians.

One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law. it was the model for the government of the United States.

One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law. it was the model for the government of the United States.

As the Romans took over more lands, new rules were needed to solve legal disputes between

citizens and non-citizens.

As the Romans took over more lands, new rules were needed to solve legal disputes between

citizens and non-citizens.

They created a collection of laws called the Law of Nations that stated principles of justice that

applied to all people everywhere and included:

They created a collection of laws called the Law of Nations that stated principles of justice that

applied to all people everywhere and included:

A person is seen asinnocent untilproven guilty.

A person is seen asinnocent untilproven guilty.

People accused ofcrimes could defend

themselves.

People accused ofcrimes could defend

themselves.

The Romans established the rule of law : the idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the law.

The Romans established the rule of law : the idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the law.

Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region.

Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region.

While Rome developed it’s government, it also faced challenges abroad.

Their enemy was the state of Carthage on the coast of North Africa and southern Europe.

Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage ruled a great trading empire and made itself the largest and richest city in the western Mediterranean.

While Rome developed it’s government, it also faced challenges abroad.

Their enemy was the state of Carthage on the coast of North Africa and southern Europe.

Founded by the Phoenicians, Carthage ruled a great trading empire and made itself the largest and richest city in the western Mediterranean.

Both Carthage and Rome wanted control of Sicily and went to War for it in 264 B.C

Both Carthage and Rome wanted control of Sicily and went to War for it in 264 B.C

It was called the First Punic War. Punicus is Latin for Phoenician.

It was called the First Punic War. Punicus is Latin for Phoenician.

The Romans built a large fleet of ships and fought 20 years to defeat the Carthaginians

The Romans built a large fleet of ships and fought 20 years to defeat the Carthaginians

Sicily came under Roman rule.

Sicily came under Roman rule.

After losing Sicily, Carthage began to expand it’s empire into southern Spain close to the Roman borders.

After losing Sicily, Carthage began to expand it’s empire into southern Spain close to the Roman borders.Rome

becameangry and encouraged people in Spain to rebel.

Rome becameangry and encouraged people in Spain to rebel.

Carthage sent it’s greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome and take the war to Italy.

Carthage sent it’s greatest general, Hannibal, to attack Rome and take the war to Italy.

The Second Punic War began.The Second Punic War began.

Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy.Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy.

He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died.

Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them.Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them.

A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home.A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home.

Scipio defeated the Carthagians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.Scipio defeated the Carthagians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.

1. Hannibal’s strategy was to take the war to Italy.

2. He took 46,000 men, many horses, and 37 elephants and crossed the Alps into Italy. Many died.

3. Hannibal defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae by overpowering them.

4. A Roman army led by Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal was forced to return home.

5. Scipio defeated the Carthaginians and forced them to give up Spain. Rome now ruled the Mediterranean.

Carthage remained a trading center until 146 B.C. Rome finally destroyed it in the Third Punic War.

The Romans burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, women and children.

Legends say they scattered salt to destroy the land for agriculture.

Carthage remained a trading center until 146 B.C. Rome finally destroyed it in the Third Punic War.

The Romans burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, women and children.

Legends say they scattered salt to destroy the land for agriculture.