Romeo and Juliet - Ecocriticism - Mr....

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Romeo and Juliet

by William Shakespeare

NAME: ______________________ PERIOD: _________

1

William Shakespeare Outline

Life and Times

I. Early Years *He was born in ________________________________ on _____________________________

*His father, ________________________________, was a ______________________________

*His mother, _______________________________, was the daughter of __________________

*Shakespeare was educated at this local grammar school: _______________________________

*He studied _________________________________________________________________

II. Married Life *In 1582, at the age of ______, he married ___________________________, age ________.

*Five months later, their first child, _______________________________, was born.

*Twins, ____________________________ and ____________________________ were born

two years later.

III. Professional Life *Shakespeare became well-known as an _______________________ and a _________________

*In 1594, he joined a group called the _________________________________, writing and

performing with them.

*Theaters closed occasionally due to the ______________________, but he continued to write

___________________ and __________________________.

*In 1599, Shakespeare and his repertory company, the Lord Chamberlain‟s Men, built the

______________________________.

* ___________________________________ reigned for most of Shakespeare‟s life and enjoyed

the theater. *She died in __________________, and the Lord Chamberlain‟s men changed their

name to the ___________________________to honor the new monarch, __________________.

2

*In 1608 The King‟s Men leased ___________________________________, a private enclosed

playhouse with ____________________________________.

*In 1613, ____________________________________ burned down, and was rebuilt the next

year.

*Shakespeare wrote ____________ plays, _______________ sonnets, and ____________ long

poems.

*His work was not published during his lifetime. Four years later they were published in

_______________________________________.

*Shakespeare is considered a __________________________________________ because his

plays appeal to __________________________________.

IV. Death After many years of writing and performing, William Shakespeare died on ________________.

He was buried at __________________________________________ in Stratford-upon-Avon.

Elizabethan Drama

England was very dirty

o Most people bathed only ______________________ a year

o Doctors worried about the Queen because she took a bath ___________ a month.

o People dumped garbage into the city streets

School

o Boys went to school from age ______ to about ______, where they learned

________________________and _________________________________.

o Girls were usually educated at ____________________________.

3

Theater Experience

*Expectations – The crowd always expected comedy with clowns appearing, both

“_________________” or ____________________________.

And “______________________” or ________________________.

*Pre-theaters – actors performed in _________________________ or _____________________

of local inns.

*Children‟s attendance at plays was ______________________________ unless the play taught

a moral lesson.

*Women‟s parts were played by __________________________ whose voices had not yet

changed. It was considered improper for a ________________________________ to be on

stage.

*Actors were trained in ______________________, ________________________,

_________________________________, _________________________________,

and _________________________________.

Globe Theater

*Mayor of London was _____________________________ to the theater, but allowed it to exist

under these conditions:

1.

2.

3.

4

*Physical Description - basically a platform measuring ______ feet deep by ______ feet

wide, and raised up _____ feet.

*Area underneath contained _____________________________________, often used for

graves.

*Audience‟s area opened to the sky, but most of the stage was covered by a roof called the

_________________ with signs of the ___________________________ painted;

____________________ often appeared from here.

Shakespeare performed his plays here: _________________________________

Constructed in 1599, on the banks of the ____________________ River near

____________________.

Shape is _________________________________

Play time _______________ hours

Cost is ___________ penny

Seating:

o Pit:

o Galleries

o Box Seats

Capacity for the play‟s performance was _______ people

Sound effects were made in the ____________________________

___________________ could appear on stage through trap doors

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*James Burbage, a fellow actor of Shakespeare, convinced ______________________________

*Audiences were very mixed, they included or were made up of:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

*The theater was crowned with a small __________ from which a ________________ flew

announcing the day‟s performance.

*The tiring house just beyond the stage contained actors‟ _______________________________

*Platform stage – circled on three sides by standing spectators also called __________________,

who paid a penny to stand and watch the play in the “cheap” area called the _______________;

_________________________________ cost an extra penny and entitled the spectator to a seat.

Flags, trumpets, and fliers told when there would be a play.

The flags also told the audience what type of play they would be seeing:

o ____________ flag = history play

o ____________ flag = comedy play

o ____________ flag = tragedy play

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Parts of the Globe

The Pit – sometimes referred to as “The Yard” where the groundlings watched the play

for their one penny admission

The Stage – Major playing area jutted into the Pit, creating a sense of intimacy with the

audience. Hangings curtained off space beneath.

Main entrance – Here the usher greeted playgoers and collected one penny from

everyone.

Lord‟s Rooms – private galleries; six pennies let a viewer sit here, or sometimes even on

the stage itself.

Middle Gallery – called „two-penny rooms” because the seats here were higher priced.

Inner Stage – a recessed playing area often curtained off, then opened for appropriate

scenes.

Tiring House – The important backstage area which provided space for storage and

business offices.

Stairs – ascending to the first level, theater goers reached the galleries by wooden

staircases enclosed by stairwells

Trap Door – Leading down to the Hell area where equipment included the winch, and

elevator that raised and lowered actors or properties.

Hell – the area under the stage, used for ghostly comings and goings or for more

mundane storage of properties

Other Globe Facts

*Bear Baiting Pits – set up for _______________________; a wild grizzly bear fought ______

dogs and the audience would bet on which one would win.

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*There were ___________________________________ (over dogs) who jumped at the bear‟s

throat, and the ________________________________ (under dogs) who attacked the bear‟s

feet to make him fall.

*Cock-fighting rings – This was another occasion for placing bets. Two ________________

would fight until one died.

*** These events were extremely noisy and made it difficult for the audience to pay attention to

the plays at the Globe.***

What was it like to attend a play at the Globe?

The ________________________ greeted those attending as they arrived and asked for their

admission fees. He would place the fees in a ______________________________________.

*When the __________________________ became full, he would run backstage and exchange

it for an empty one. This area became known as ______________________________________

*Many thieves attended the plays, and most wouldn‟t risk their lives for only ______________

pennies.

The Concession Stand

Sold 3 items:

1.

2.

3.

Tomatoes were considered poisonous, so the audience three them at the actors if

______________________________________________________________________________

8

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9

Literary Terms for “Romeo and Juliet”

The Literary Work

Know these terms for your Plot Structure of a Tragedy handout:

Exposition

Inciting Force

Rising Action

Falling Action

Moment of Final Suspense

Catastrophe

tragedy –

comic relief –

foil –

Literary Elements within the Play

figurative language –

simile –

metaphor -

conceit –

personification –

imagery –

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pun –

oxymoron –

allusion –

foreshadowing –

soliloquy –

aside –

irony –

dramatic –

situational –

verbal –

alliteration –

parallelism –

repetition –

analogy –

symbol –

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Romeo and Juliet Cast of Characters

The Prince* (head of Verona)

Montagues Capulets Lord Montague Lord Capulet Lady Montague Lady Capulet Romeo (their son) Juliet (their daughter) Benvolio (cousin of Romeo) Tybalt (Juliet’s first

cousin)

Friends of the Montagues

Mercutio*

Servants Servants Balthasar Nurse Abram Peter Sampson Gregory

Others Friar Laurence

Friar John Apothecary

Paris*

* relatives of the Prince

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The Globe Theater

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Romeo and Juliet Characters

Character Role / Significance in play

Character Traits / Personality

Capulet / Montague / Neutral?

1. Prince Escalus

2. Romeo

3. Rosaline

4. Benvolio

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5. Mercutio

6. Juliet

7. Lady Capulet

8. Lord Capulet

9. Tybalt

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10.Lady Montague

11. Lord Montague

12. Nurse

13. Friar Laurence

14. Friar John

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15. Paris

16. Balthasar

17. Sampson

18. Gregory

19. Peter

20. Apothecary

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Map of Italy

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Glossary of Commonly Used Shakespearean Words

1. ain - gladly

2. alack- An exclamation of surprise of regret

3. alas – An exclamation of sorrow, pity, or worry

4. an - if

5. anon - in a minute

6. art – are

7. aye/ay – yes, indeed, affirmative

8. beseech – beg, implore

9. betwixt - between

10. doth - does

11. e’en - even

12. ere - before

13. fair - pretty

14. fie – for shame, no way

15. hail – an exclamation of tribute, greeting, honor

16. hark – look, listen

17. hence – from this place, here

18. hie – hurry; go quickly

19. hither – to this place; here

20. ho – used to express surprise or draw attention

21. idle - lazy

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22. is’t – is it

23. lo – look; pay attention

24. marry - indeed, to marry

25. methinks- I think

26. mickle - much

27. nay - no

28. ne’er - never

29. o’er - over

30. prithee – please; I ask you

31. sirrah - a form of address for a man or boy that was used to express contempt

32. soft - wait

33. sooth - truth

34. thither - there

35. wherefore - why

36. whither – where? to what place?

37. thou – nominative case of “you”

38. thee – objective case of “you”

39. thy – possessive case of “you”

40. thine – possessive case of “you” (ex. This is thine)

41. woe - sorrow

42. woo - to date

43. ye - you

44. zounds - a mild expression of surprise or annoyance

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ROMEO AND JULIET

TIME CHART DAY EVENTS

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

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ROMEO AND JULIET

PROLOGUE

I. The Prologue is a sonnet. A Shakespearean sonnet has the following

features:

A. It has 14 lines.

B. Each Line has 10 syllables each.

C. Each line has a specific rhythm called iambic pentameter.

1. Iambic means a 2-syllable unite, one unaccented and one

accented.

Example: The word “tŏdáy” is iambic

2. Pentameter means it has 5 units of iambic rhythm. The following

sentence is written in iambic pentameter:

Ĭ knów thĕ wáy tŏ gó ĭs óvĕr there

D. It has 3 sections of 4 lines each, called quatrains.

E. It has one section of 2 lines at the end called a couplet. The couplet

usually gives commentary about the rest of the poem. It often is an

epigram, a short, clever saying.

F. It usually follows a specific rhyme scheme, the pattern of rhymes at the

end of each line.

The rhyme scheme usually looks like this in a

Shakespearean sonnet: abab cdcd efef gg.

The exercise on the next page will help you understand these techniques and division of

the Prologue.

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ROMEO AND JULIET

PROLOGUE

This page is divided into four sections, one for each quatrain and one for the final

couplet.

For each question, brainstorm in groups to answer the following:

1. Summarize what is said in each questions

2. Identify the tone (the feeling) behind each section

First Quatrain

Second Quatrain

Third Quatrain

Final Couplet

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Act I Vocabulary

Write the definition of each word.

1. pernicious 2. prodigious 3. choler 4. disposition 5. augment(ing) 6. boisterous 7. assail(ing) 8. shrift 9. transgression 10. portentous

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1. This scene opens with two of Lord Capulet’s servants walking thought town talking about how they have been insulted by Lord Montague’s servants. How does Sampson plan to respond to these insults?

2. We first meet Benvolio in line 57 when he says, “Part, fools. Put up your swords. You know not what you do.” What does this tell the audience about his character?

3. On the other hand, in line 63 we meet Tybalt with this statement, “What drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word as I hate all Hell, all Montagues, and thee…” What can we already tell about Tybalt?

4. Because these two characters are complete contrasts, they are called __________.

5. What ultimatum does the Prince give to the feuding families?

6. What have Benvolio and Lord Montague noticed about Romeo lately?

7. Describe Romeo’s mood when he meets Benvolio. What is worrying him?

8. Define oxymoron and give at least 5 examples from Romeo’s conversation with Benvolio (Lines 153-231).

oxymoron

examples:

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9. What examples of allusion does Shakespeare use in lines 201 – 204?

10. What is Benvolio’s advice to the lovelorn Romeo?

11. How did Shakespeare end this scene?

12. What are Lord Capulet’s thoughts about Paris’ request to marry Juliet?

13. What does he advise Paris to do in lines 7 – 11?

14. How old is Juliet at this time?

15. Of what importance is the servant’s illiteracy?

16. How does Shakespeare end this scene?

17. Shakespeare introduces the nurse and begins to characterize her immediately. How do you picture her? What causes you to mentally create this picture?

18. What is Juliet’s reply to her mother’s question asking her how she feels about marriage? Directly quote the line.

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19. What does the nurse mean when she says that Paris is “a man of wax” (lines 76-77)?

20. Lady Capulet’s speech (starts at line 80) to Juliet about Paris is called a conceit. A conceit is an exaggerated comparison (metaphor) between two unlike things. To what is Paris being compared?

21. What is a pun? Name at least two examples of puns that appear in this scene.

22. Mercutio appears in this scene. He is a relative of the Prince and a friend of Romeo. Mercutio appears very light hearted and fun loving. To whom is he a contrast? (a foil)

23. Romeo realizes that it is no wise to go to the party, which is an example of what literary device?

24. Mercutio’s speech on Queen Mab is meant to humor Romeo and convince him that dreams shouldn’t be taken too seriously. What does Mercutio say dreams are? Quote him directly.

25. In Romeo’s conversation with Benvolio at the end of the scene he mentions “some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, shall bitterly begin his fearful date with this night’s revels…” When did the audience hear a reference to the stars previously in Act !? Also, what do these two references remind us of?

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26. Who objects to Romeo’s presence at the Capulet ball?

27. Who tells this character that Romeo shall be endured?

28. What does Tybalt vow when he storms out?

29. Romeo is struck with love at first sight when he sees Juliet. One look at her and he quickly forgets about Rosaline. In lines 42 – 51 Shakespeare uses figurative language when Romeo describes Juliet. What images does he compare her to?

30. The initial conversation between Romeo and Juliet forms a _______________.

31. This conversation has religious connotations. List two words and phrases that refer to something related to religion.

32. What does Juliet say when she realizes Romeo’s identity? Quote this directly.

33. Once again, Shakespeare ends this scene in a manner he has used previously. What manner is this?

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Act I Vocabulary


1. conjure 2. consort 3. prorogue 4. rancor 5. perjury 6. invocation 7. variable 8. jest 9. wherefore 10. procure

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1. Act Two begins with a prologue. Just like the prologue in Act I this is in the form of

a sonnet and is spoken by the chorus. What is the audience told about Romeo’s love of Rosaline and his new love, Juliet?

2. This scene features the famous “Balcony Scene” when Romeo and Juliet profess

their love for each other, but privately and to each other. When Romeo first sees Juliet he once again uses a metaphor of light, the sun, to describe her. Why do you think he called Juliet “the sun”?

3. In this same speech by Romeo he comments that the moon is already sick and pale with grief. He is giving human characteristics to an inanimate object, which is an example of …

4. What other familiar image of light does Romeo say Juliet’s eyes are brighter than? Why is this comparison another example of foreshadowing?

5. Juliet is unaware of Romeo’s presence and speaks from her heart. What is she wishing Romeo to do regarding his heritage? If he refuses, what does she say she will do?

6. Look at lines 38 – 42. How does Juliet feel about the feud?

7. What does Juliet compare Romeo to? Quote the line directly.

8. When Romeo acknowledges his presence to Juliet, what does she warn him of?

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9. What else worries Juliet other than Romeo’s being discovered (lines 64 – 65)?

10. What arrangements do Romeo and Juliet make for the next day?

11. Juliet speaks of her fears when she says, “Although I joy in the, I have no joy of this contract tonight; It is too rash, to unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightning, which doth cease to be ere one can say, It lightens.” This is an example of …

12. What are Juliet’s “parting” words to Romeo” Quote the lines directly.

13. How does Shakespeare end this scene? There seems to be a little bit of a pattern to this.

14. Friar Laurence is introduced in this scene. He is a character, alone on stage,

expressing his thoughts, so he is giving a …

15. What is he doing while he is gives this speech? Why?

16. What observation does he make of “the infant rind of this small flower”?

17. Why does Friar Laurence agree to marry the young lovers?

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18. This scene ends with Friar Laurence’s advice to Romeo. What does he tell him to do? Quote the lines directly and explain them.

19. This scene provides some humor and had many puns. Romeo and Mercutio speak with puns as do the Nurse and Mercutio. List two puns that each of these speak.

Romeo and Mercutio –

Nurse and Mercutio –

20. When Romeo first sees the nurse, he calls her “A sail, a sail.” Elizabethan women

tended to wear many petticoats under their dresses causing them to look like a sailing ship. His calling her a sail is an example of what literary term?

21. How do we know that the Nurse is completely flustered following her encounter with Mercutio?

22. What are the wedding plans?

23. This scene opens with Juliet’s _______________________ as she is alone on the stage worrying about what is keeping the Nurse.

24. Once the Nurse returns Juliet is impatient to hear the news of Romeo, but the Nurse keeps putting her off. Why do you think she does this?

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25. Why does the Nurse agree to help Juliet marry Romeo?

26. In this scene, where Romeo and Juliet Marry, there are several examples of foreshadowing. List three examples and comment on each one.

1. 2

. 3.

27. You have seen oxymorons earlier in the play, and there is a very important one in this scene. “These violent delights have violent ends.” Why does Friar Laurence phrase his thoughts in this way?

28. What advice does he give to this young couple?

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Act III Vocabulary


1. prevail (i)

2. beguile (ii)

3. appertain(ing) (i)

4. effeminate (i)

5. agile (i)

6. garish (ii)

7. dismal (ii)

8. calamity (ii)

9. sojourn (iii)

10. abhors (v)

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1. This scene begins with Benvolio’s dialogue with Mercutio, which foreshadows the duel to come. What does Benvolio tell Mercutio they need to do and why?

2. Why does Benvolio want Tybalt and Mercutio to “withdraw unto some private place”? 3. What does Romeo mean when he says he has reason to love Tybalt? What do his friends think of his speaking like this? 4. Mercutio calls Tybalt “King of Cats” with nine lives, which is an example of ________________. 5. When Mercutio is hurt, he says, “A plague o’ both your houses!” twice. Why are these lines important? 6. Even when he is dying, Mercutio continues to joke and make puns. He says, “Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.” Why is this a pun? 7. According to the diagram “Plot Structure of a Tragedy” what occurs in the turning point of a Tragedy? 8. Who is the protagonist of this play?

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9. What is the turning point of this play? 10. Why is it ironical that lady Capulet says “For Blood of ours shed blood of Montague”? 11. What does the Prince order at the end of the scene?

12. This scene begins much like scene 5 of Act II when Juliet was waiting for news

earlier in the play. Compare her behavior in the two scenes. 13. Juliet uses ________________________ in this soliloquy when she addresses the

night. 14. When Juliet learns it was Romeo that killed Tybalt, she speaks with many

oxymorons. Name at least 3. 1. 2. 3. 15. How does Juliet react when she first learns that Romeo has killed Tybalt? Why does she change her mind?

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16. Once again we see the Nurse serving as an accomplice to Romeo and Juliet. What does she plan to do at the end of this scene?

17. Romeo waits at Friar Laurence’s for news of his sentence for killing Tybalt The Friar tells him that Prince Escalus has sentenced him not to “body’s death but to body’s banishment.” How does Romeo respond to this news about the banishment? 18. On page 801, line 44 when Romeo says, “Hadst thou no poison mixed, no sharp-ground knife, No sudden means of death…” we have ________________________ of his eventual fate. 19. Describe the scene at Friar Laurence’s when the Nurse arrives. 20. On p. 803, lines 102-105 Romeo describes his name as both a ________________ and a murdering ________________________. Because of his sadness he threatens ________________. 21. Who talks him out of this and how? 22. What plan do Romeo and Friar Laurence make for the night and next day? 23. How will Romeo receive messages from Verona while he is in Mantua?

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24. Why does Lord Capulet think Juliet is so upset? 25. How does he plan to cheer her up?

26. Romeo and Juliet have spent their wedding night together. Why does she refer to both the nightingale and the lark? 27. How is day personified at the beginning of this scene? 28. Romeo comments sadly, “More light and light it grows; more dark and dark out woes” in line 36 (pg. 807). Why does he say this? 29. What does Juliet say about Romeo and Tybalt to her mother to keep the truth from her? 30. What is Juliet’s answer to the news that she is to marry Paris? 31. What metaphor does Lord Capulet use to describe Juliet’s present state of mind? This type of metaphor can also be called a _______________ since it extends the comparison using several examples. 32. Why is it ironic when Lady Capulet says in line 141 (p. 812), “I would the fool were married to her grave?

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Act IV Vocabulary


1. inundation (i)

2. pensive (i)

3. arbitrate(ing) (i)

4. martyr (v)

5. valor (i)

6. lament(able) (v)

7. orisons (iii)

8. provision (ii)

9. abate (i)

10. detest(able) (v)

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1. Why does Paris call on Friar Laurence? 2. What is Juliet’s reason for visiting the Friar? 3. If the Friar cannot help her, what has Juliet decided to do? 4. To show that she is fearless, what are some of the things Juliet says she would endure to remain Romeo’s wife? 5. How does Juliet’s brief conversation with Paris reveal her attitude toward him? 6. Point out some double or hidden meanings in Juliet’s remarks to Paris. 7. Briefly list the steps in the Friar’s Plan. 8. Tell why the Friar is willing to become involved in solving the marriage problems that Juliet encounters.

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9. What is Juliet’s reaction to the plan?

10. What causes Capulet to say, “My heart is wondrous light”?

11. Quote a line from Juliet’s soliloquy which foreshadows her death. 12. List three of Juliet’s fears as she considers taking the potion. 1. 2. 3. 13. How do Juliet’s fears contrast with her previous attitude?

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Act V Vocabulary


1. presage (i)

2. pestilence (ii)

3. quarantine

4. inexorable (iii)

5. vengeance (iii)

6. peruse (iii)

7. ensign (iii)

8. paramour (iii)

9. inauspicious (iii)

10. purge (iii)

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1. Where does this scene take place? 2. Why has Balthasar come to see Romeo? 3. What is Romeo’s reaction to Balthasar’s news? What is his course of action?

4. Has Friar John’s mission succeeded? Why or Why not? 5. What is supposed to happen to Juliet according to Friar Laurence’s Plan?

6. Why has Paris come to the tomb? 7. Who is with him? 8. What does Romeo tell Balthasar to do? 9. What reason does he give Balthasar for entering the tomb?

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10. What does Paris do when he sees Romeo? 11. How does Romeo end his life? 12. What is Juliet’s reaction? 13. What has happened to Romeo’s Mother? 14. Who explains what has happened? 15. What is the reaction in the end of Lord Montague and Lord Capulet?

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Romeo and Juliet Themes

Theme (one complete sentence)

Textual Evidence (examples)

Commentary (explain evidence)

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Theme Textual Evidence (Examples)

Commentary (explain evidence)

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Romeo and Juliet – Memorization Performance Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet to be performed on the stage of the Globe Theater. In order to gain a more extensive understanding and appreciation of Shakespeare’s written word, each student will be required to perform a few lines from the play. It will be graded as a performance as well as memorization. I don’t expect a Broadway performance, but I do expect an earnest attempt at expressing some of the emotion that might have accompanied these lines. Here are some items to consider while preparing for your performance. I will be looking for these things while grading on the day of the performance.

- Have you memorized each line, and are you able to perform each line exactly as it is written?

- Have you thought about each line and what it means? Do you understand

what you are saying?

- Are you speaking in a clear, loud voice?

- Are you putting some expression into the words?

On the day of the performance you will be paired with a partner to perform.

Performance Date: * I will choose when you go, unless you want to volunteer.

* Lines to memorize are on the next page*

- 47 -

MALE: (Romeo is kneeling in the Capulet orchard near Juliet’s window. He speaks to himself as he sees Juliet on her balcony.)

ROMEO: But, Soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she. Be not her maid, since she is envious. Her vestal livery is but sick and green, And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off. It is my lady! O, it is my love! O, that she knew she were! She speaks, yet she says nothing. What of that? Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?

Female: (Juliet speaks to herself of her love, Romeo, as she stands on her balcony after their encounter at the Capulet party.)

JULIET: What’s Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part Belonging to a man. O, be some other name! What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other word would smell as sweet. So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called Retain that dear perfection which he owes Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name; And for thy name, which is no part of thee, Take all myself. (Parting from Romeo) Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, That I shall say good night till it be morrow.

Romeo and Juliet - Ecocriticism - Mr....

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Transcript of Romeo and Juliet - Ecocriticism - Mr....