Rome: From Republic Rome: From Republic to Empire. to Empire.

What was a Republic? What was a Republic?

►Think back to when we talked about a Think back to when we talked about a Roman RepublicRoman Republic

►What was a republic?What was a republic?►Who ruled?Who ruled?

► For five hundred For five hundred years Rome was a years Rome was a Republic and thing Republic and thing were goodwere good

► But eventually But eventually problems starting problems starting happeninghappening

Problems with the RepublicProblems with the Republic

► 1. Rome needed tax 1. Rome needed tax money to run the money to run the Republic.Republic.

► 2. Elected officials 2. Elected officials were using their were using their positions to get rich.positions to get rich.

► 3. Rome did not 3. Rome did not have a police force.have a police force.

TaxesTaxes► To run the republic To run the republic

Rome needed moneyRome needed money► To get money Rome set To get money Rome set

up tax collectorsup tax collectors► The problem was that The problem was that

the tax collectors were the tax collectors were not always fair. They not always fair. They would abuse their would abuse their power. power.

► They would charge some They would charge some people a lot of money people a lot of money and others nothing.and others nothing.

► If you couldn’t pay you If you couldn’t pay you could be sold to slavery. could be sold to slavery. People were upsetPeople were upset

Elected officialsElected officials

► In a republic people are In a republic people are elected to make laws elected to make laws for the people.for the people.

► In the later days of the In the later days of the Republic wealthy Republic wealthy people instead of being people instead of being elected legally would elected legally would use their money to buy use their money to buy votesvotes

► They would also take They would also take money to make laws. money to make laws. This was illegal but no This was illegal but no one stopped it because one stopped it because the ones in charge the ones in charge were richwere rich

Police ForcePolice Force

► Rome was not a safe Rome was not a safe place because of these place because of these issuesissues

► Poor people would steal Poor people would steal and kill to get moneyand kill to get money

► Rich people hired Rich people hired guards that turned into guards that turned into private armiesprivate armies

► These armies fought in These armies fought in the streetthe street

► Rome needed a police Rome needed a police force but had no money force but had no money to pay them. to pay them.

► Rome was a messRome was a mess

Think? Think?

►What could you do to fix the Republic What could you do to fix the Republic problem?problem?

►How would you stop the bad tax How would you stop the bad tax collectors, leaders, and crime?collectors, leaders, and crime?

►Take moment, discuss with a partner Take moment, discuss with a partner and be prepared to share with the and be prepared to share with the class. class.

Rome’s SolutionRome’s Solution

►Some people in Rome thought that the Some people in Rome thought that the best thing would be to get rid of all the best thing would be to get rid of all the politicians and have one strong leader politicians and have one strong leader in charge.in charge.

►A strong leader who could fix the A strong leader who could fix the governmentgovernment

►One man who they wanted was Julius One man who they wanted was Julius Caesar.Caesar.

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

► Julius Caesar was an Julius Caesar was an important general and important general and Roman leaderRoman leader

► During his lifetime, he During his lifetime, he had held just about had held just about every important title in every important title in the Roman Republic the Roman Republic including consul, including consul, tribune of the people, tribune of the people, high commander of the high commander of the army, and high priest. army, and high priest. 

► He said he could solve He said he could solve Rome’s problems Rome’s problems

What did he doWhat did he do

► Julius Caesar marched into Rome with his Julius Caesar marched into Rome with his armyarmy

►He took control of the Senate and He took control of the Senate and promised to fix all the problems of the promised to fix all the problems of the RepublicRepublic

►The people loved Caesar because his The people loved Caesar because his army victories made Rome richarmy victories made Rome rich

►They gave him total control of the whole They gave him total control of the whole country and called him Dictator for life.country and called him Dictator for life.

What happenedWhat happened

► After he was named After he was named dictator for life the dictator for life the senators of Rome were senators of Rome were nervousnervous

► They distrusted Caesar They distrusted Caesar and plotted to do away and plotted to do away with himwith him

► Two Senators, Brutus Two Senators, Brutus and Cassius lead the and Cassius lead the other senators in other senators in stabbing Caesar to stabbing Caesar to death on March 15 death on March 15

Beginning of an Empire Beginning of an Empire

► After Caesar died his After Caesar died his friends formed a group friends formed a group to avenge himto avenge him

► They killed Brutus and They killed Brutus and Cassius and took Cassius and took control of Romecontrol of Rome

► Eventually Julius Eventually Julius Caesar’s adopted son Caesar’s adopted son took total control of the took total control of the country and called country and called himself Emperor himself Emperor Augustus.Augustus.

► A new age had begun. A new age had begun.

How was it different? How was it different?

► Republic was ruled by Republic was ruled by two Consuls who were two Consuls who were electedelected

► Senate helped carry Senate helped carry out laws and gave out laws and gave adviceadvice

► Assembly voted on Assembly voted on important mattersimportant matters

► Army was loyal to Army was loyal to Rome Rome

► Empire was ruled by an Empire was ruled by an Emperor. Each emperor Emperor. Each emperor appointed his own appointed his own successor. They were successor. They were not electednot elected

► Senate only gave Senate only gave advice.advice.

► The Emperor made the The Emperor made the big decisionsbig decisions

► Army was loyal to the Army was loyal to the Emperor Emperor

► Augustus took the title of Augustus took the title of Emperor and turned Rome Emperor and turned Rome into an Empireinto an Empire

► An Empire is : a An Empire is : a government that includes government that includes many different peoples many different peoples and lands under one rulerand lands under one ruler

► Augustus kicked out the Augustus kicked out the corrupt leader and corrupt leader and replaced them with honest replaced them with honest men. He made the army men. He made the army strong and used it to strong and used it to expand Rome and keep expand Rome and keep peace. His time as ruler peace. His time as ruler started the Pax Romana or started the Pax Romana or the peace of Rome.the peace of Rome.

►After Augustus died he selected a man After Augustus died he selected a man named Tiberius to be the next named Tiberius to be the next Emperor.Emperor.

►Emperors were not elected. Emperors were not elected.