Romanticism Gothic Period

7/29/2019 Romanticism Gothic Period

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Elements of Romanticism

1798-1832


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Romanticism

A movement of the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries that

marked the reaction to the

formalism of the preceding(Neoclassic) period, which

valued reason, formal rules,and demanded order in beauty.


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Romanticism

Characteristics:The predominance

of imagination over

reason and formalrules

Love of nature

Longing for thePast (nostalgia)

Individualism

Idealization of rurallife

Enthusiasm for thewild, irregular, or

grotesque in nature

Enthusiasm for theuncivilized or natural


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The Five Is of RomanticismInspiration

Intuition (knowledge without reason)

Innocence

Imagination

Individuality


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RomanticismMore Characteristics:

Interest in human rights

Sentimentality

Melancholy

Interest in the gothic


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Supernatural And Gothic

Supernatural motifsappear throughout

literature but are most

prominent in the literary

genre labeled "Gothic.

Frankenstein belongsspecifically to the

Gothic genre.


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Gothic literature

derives its name from itssimilarities to the Gothicmedieval cathedrals,which feature a majestic,

unrestrained architecturalstyle with often savage orgrotesque ornamentation(the word "Gothic" derives from "Goth,"

the name of one of the barbaricGermanic tribes that invaded theRoman Empire).


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The architecture evokes the sense of

humanitys division between a finite, physical

identity and the often terrifying and bizarreforces of the infinite. The Gothic aesthetic

also embodies an ambition to transcend

earthly human limitations and reach the

divine.


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Like Gothic architecture, Gothic

literature focuses onhumanitys fascination with

the grotesque, the unknown,

and the frightening,inexplicable aspects of the

universe and the human soul.


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The Gothic creates horror by

portraying human individualsin confrontation with the

overwhelming, mysterious,

terrifying forces found in thecosmos and within

themselves.


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Supernatural/Gothic

Literary Motifs

A motif is arepeated theme,

image, or literary

device. Look for

these commonsupernatural/Gothic

motifs in

Frankenstein.


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The Double or Doppelganger (German for "double-goer"):

Defined by Federick S. Frank as "a second self or

alternate identity, sometimes, but not always, a

physical twin. The Doppelganger in demonic form can be areciprocal or lower bestial self or a Mr. Hyde. Gothic

doppelgangers often haunt and threaten the rational psyche of

the victim to whom they become attached" (435).


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The double motif involves a

comparison or contrast

between two characters or

sets of characters within a

work to represent opposing

forces in human nature. For

example, Dr. Jekyll and hisevil double Mr. Hyde are

contrasted to represent the

battle between the rational,

intellectual self (Jekyll) andthe irrational, bestial self

(Hyde


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The double motif

suggests that humans

are burdened with adual nature, a soul

forever divided.Double characters are

often paired in common

relationships, such as

twins, siblings,

husband/wife, parent/child,hero/villain,

creator/creature, etc.


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Forbidden Knowledge or Power/ Faust Motif:


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Forbidden knowledge/power is often the

Gothic protagonists goal. The Gothic

"hero" questions the universes

ambiguous nature and tries to

comprehend and control thosesupernatural powers that mortals

cannot understand. He tries to

overcome human limitations and makehimself into a "god."


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This ambition usually leads to the heros "fall"or destruction; however, Gothic tales of

ambition sometimes paradoxically evoke our

admiration because they picture

individuals with the courage to defyfate and cosmic forces in an attempt

to transcend the mundane to the

eternal and sublime.

http://www.gradesaver.com/goethes-faust/study-guide/short-summary/


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Satanic Hero/Fallen Man:

The courageous search for

forbidden knowledge or poweralways leads the hero to a fall, a

corruption, or destruction, such as

Satans or Adams fall.

Consequently, the hero in Gothic

literature is often a "villain." The

hero is isolated from others by his

fall and either becomes a monster

or confronts a monster who is his double.


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Monster/Satanic Hero/Fallen Man:

He becomes a "Satanic hero" if, like

Satan, he has courageously defiedthe rules of Gods universe and has

tried to transform himself into a god.

Note: the mad scientist, who tries to

transcend human limitations through

science, is a type of Satanic hero that

is popular in Gothic literature

(examples include Dr. Jekylland Frankenstein).


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Multiple Narrative/Spiral Narrative

Method:

The story is frequently told through aseries of secret manuscripts or

multiple tales, each revealing a deeper

secret, so the narrative gradually

spirals inward toward the hidden truth.

The narrator is often a first-person

narrator compelled to tell the story to a

fascinated or captive listener

(representing the captivating power

of forbidden knowledge).

http://kisdwebs.katyisd.org/campuses/MRHS/teacherweb/austink/Teacher%2

0Documents/Frankenstein/Background.pdf


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Dreams/Visions:

Terrible truths are often revealed to characters through

dreams or visions. The hidden knowledge of the

universe and of human nature emerges through dreams

because, when the person sleeps, reason sleeps, and

the supernatural, unreasonable world can break

through. Dreams in

Gothic literatureexpress the dark,

unconscious depths of

the psyche that are

repressed by reasontruths that are too

terrible to be

comprehended by the

conscious mind.


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Signs/Omens:

Reveal the

intervention ofcosmic forces and

often represent

psychological or

spiritual conflict(e.g., flashes of

lightning and violent

storms might

parallel some

turmoil within a

characters mind).
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Lightning_hits_tree_-_NOAA.jpg


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Famous Romantics

Literature, Art, Philosophy and Music


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Romanticism in Germany

Foundation ofRomanticism was fromImmanuel Kant (1724-

1804) Questioned nature of the

real world

Events are merely based

on our internalperceptions


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Romanticism in Germany

Von Goethe (1749-

1832)

Faust Character makes a pact

with the devil in quest

for knowledge

Academic outsiders Less-gifted people

didnt appreciate their

brilliance


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English Romantic Poets


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Percy Bysshe Shelley

I am the eye which the UniverseBeholds itself and knows itself divine;

All harmony of instrument or verse,

All prophecy, all medicine is mine,

All light of art or nature; to my son

Victory and praise in its own right belong


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Percy Bysshe Shelley

Married Mary

Wollstonecraft (named

after her mother)

Son of aristocrat

Died mysteriously in

1822

Encouraged his wife,Mary Shelley, to write

fiction


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English Romanticism

William Wordsworth(1770-1850)

Founder of English

Romantic movementWitnessed

revolutionary France

Inspired by political

idealism

Bliss was it, in thatdawn to be alive.


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English Romanticism

William Wordsworth

(1770-1850)

Withdrew to theEnglish countryside

1799 lived in Lake

District (his poetry

made it famous)


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English Romanticism

George Gordon, Lord

Byron (1788-1824)

Led anunconventional life

Mysterious and

gloomy heroes in his

books (Byronic Hero) Very dramatic


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English Romanticism George Gordon, Lord

Byron (1788-1824)

Fame spread throughoutEurope

Identified with Greek

fight for independence

Died in 1824 whiletraining soldiers in

Greece


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English Romanticism

John Keats (1795-

1821)

Eve of Saint Agnes Ode to a Nightingale

Ode to Autumn

Died at the age of 26from tuberculosis

E ti i R ti P i ti


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Emotion in Romantic Painting


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Goya

1808 French troops

take over Spain

1814 were driven outand Goya was

commissioned to

remember the

atrocities in Madrid


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Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)

Young French liberal

Used violent lighting to

enhance emotions Used painting to expose

scandal


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Raft of the Medusa by Gericault

(French government ship, wrecked off the coast of Africa in 1816)


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Romantic Music

Music, like painting

could release emotion

Built on traditions of

18th century masters


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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Bridged classical andromantic periods

Age 32 realizeddeafness was

incurable

Continued to compose

despite inability to hear
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=socrates.berkeley.edu/~ids00-ol/beethoven.jpg&imgrefurl=http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ids00-ol/intro.html&h=445&w=355&prev=/images?q=Beethoven&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8


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Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

Fused romantic

poetry and music

Performed in onlyone public concert


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Frederic Chopin

Piano virtuoso

Dreamy, brooding,

melancholic, andfiery

Performed in

upper-classdrawing rooms


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Franz Liszt

Hungarian child

prodigy pianist

Greatestshowman

was the first

rock star


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Franz Liszt

Hungarian child

prodigy pianist

Greatestshowman

was the first

rock star
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Liszt_by_Pierre_Petit.png


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Victor Berlioz

Symphonie

Fantastique

composed entirely

on guitar


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Richard Wagner

Nationalistic

Ride of the

Valkryies

Romanticism Gothic Period

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