Romanticism

RomanticismRomanticism ((Half Half 1818thth CenturyCentury))

Romanticism (or the Romantic era/Period) was an artistic,

literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second

half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction

to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against

aristocratic social and political norms

of the Age of Enlightenment and a

reaction against the scientific

of the Age of Enlightenment and a

reaction against the scientific

rationalization of nature. It was

embodied most strongly in the visual

arts, music, and literature, but had a

major impact on historiography,

education and natural history.

RomanticismRomanticism ((Half Half 1818thth CenturyCentury))

The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic

source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such

emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe�especially that

which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature

and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It

elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, made

spontaneity a desirable characteristic (as in the musical

impromptu), and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human

activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and

customary usage.

RomanticismRomanticism ((22ndnd Half Half 1818thth CenturyCentury))

Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal

models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and

narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to

escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and

industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic,

unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than Rococo unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than Rococo

chinoiserie**, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision

and to escape.

** Chinoiserie, a French term, signifying "Chinese-esque", and pronounced [ʃinwazʁi]) refers to a recurring

theme in European artistic styles since the seventeenth century, which reflect Chinese artistic influences. It

is characterized by the use of fanciful imagery of an imaginary China, by asymmetry in format and

whimsical contrasts of scale, and by the attempts to imitate Chinese porcelain and the use of lacquerlike

materials and decoration.

RomanticismRomanticism ArtistsArtistsRomanticism Painters

• Eugene Delacroix

• Francisco Goya

• Joseph Mallord William Turner

• John Constable

Romanticism Musicians and Composers

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Frédéric Chopin

• Richard Wagner

• Niccolò Paganini

• Franz Liszt

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)

Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 - 13 August 1863)

Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar)Portrait of Delacroix early in his career .

Self-portrait, 1837.

"Eugène Delacroix was a curious mixture of skepticism, politeness, dandyism, willpower, cleverness, despotism, and finally, a kind of special goodness and tenderness that always accompanies genius".

Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 - 13 August 1863)

was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as

the leader of the French Romantic school. Delacroix's use of expressive

brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly

shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic

inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement.

Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar)


Lithography


Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Barque of Dante” 1822


“Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi” 1826

Lithography


“Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard” 1843


“Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard” 1839


“Heliodoros Driven from the Temple” 1854-61


“Heliodoros Driven from the Temple” (detail) 1854-61


“Orphan Girl at the Cemetery” 1823


“Mlle Rose” 1817-20


“Self-Portrait as Ravenswood” 1821


“The Execution of Doge Marino Faliero” 1825-26


“Louis-Auguste Schwiter” 1826-27

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Odalisque Reclining on a Divan” 1827-28

Eugène Delacroix(26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)

“The Massacre of Chios (Sketch)” 1824


“The Massacre of Chios” 1824

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Liberty Leading the people” 1830

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Liberty Leading the People (28th July 1830)” 1830


“Medea about to Kill her Children” 1838

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Still Life with Lobsters” 1826-1827

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Death of Sardanapalus” 1827


“The Death of Sardanapalus (detail)” 1827

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An Exotic Culture : Travel to North Africa 1832


An Exotic Culture : Travel to North Africa 1832


“The Abduction of Rebecca” 1846


“The Abduction of Rebecca” 1858

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Battle of Taillebourg (draft)” 1834-35


“The Battle of Tailleburg (draft)” 1834-35

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Fanatics of Tangier” 1838


“The Justice of Trajan” 1858


“Moroccan Saddles His Horse” 1855


“Bride of Abydos,” 1857


“Clorinda Rescues Olindo und Sophronia” 1856

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople” 1840


“The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople (detail)” 1840

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Combat of the Giaour and the Pasha” 1827


“Sultan of Morocco” 1845


“The Death of Desdemona” 1858

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Women of Algiers” 1834

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Natchez” 1823-35


“Ovid among the Scythians, oil on wood” 1862


“Medea about to Kill her Children” 1838

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon, Paris” 1833–37


“Justice (detail in Salon du Roi, Palais Bourbon, Paris)” 1833–37

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“The Death of Ophelia” 1843

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“Shipwreck of Don Juan” 1840


“Michelangelo in his Studio” 1849-50


“Jacob Wrestling with the Angel” 1854-61

Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863)“St Michael defeats the Devil” 1854-61


“Sketch for Peace Descends to Earth” 1852

Francisco Goya (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828)

Francisco Joséde Goya y Lucientes

(30 March 1746 - 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic

painter and printmaker regarded both as the last of

the Old Masters and the first of the moderns. Goya

was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, and

was a court painter to the Spanish Crown, and

through his works was both a commentator on and

chronicler of his era. Portrait of Francisco Goya by

Vicente López y Portaña (1826)

The subversive and imaginative element in his art, as well as his bold

handling of paint, provided a model for the work of later generations

of artists, notably Manet, Picasso and Francis Bacon.

Francisco Goya (26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)“Charles IV of Spain and His Family” 1800

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“The Third of May 1808” 1814

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“The Milkmaid of Bordeaux” 1825–27

Francisco Goya (26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“It is not known whether this 1805 Goya portrait is of his wife Josefa Bayeu or of Leocadia Weiss” 1805

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“The Nude Maja” 1800

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“The Clothed Maja” 1803

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“Yard with Lunatics” 1794


The Disasters of War

In the 1810s, Goya created a set of aquatint prints titled The Disasters of War. Although he did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent Peninsular War of 1808–14 and the setbacks to the liberal cause following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. The scenes are

restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. The scenes are singularly disturbing, sometimes macabre in their depiction of battlefield horror, and represent an outraged conscience in the face of death and destruction. They were not published until 1863, 35 years after his death. It is likely that only then was it considered politically safe to distribute a sequence of artworks criticizing both the French and restored Bourbons.

Francisco Goya(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

Etching : The Disasters of War


Etchings : Various Subjects


Etchings : Various Subjects

Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters” 1797

Black Paintings SeriesThe Black Paintings (Spanish: Pinturas negras) is the

name given to a group of paintings by Francisco Goya from the later years of his life, likely between 1819–1823. They portray intense, haunting themes, reflective of both his fear of insanity and by then, his bleak outlook on humanity.

After the Napoleonic Warsand the internal turmoil of the changing Spanish government, Goya developed an the changing Spanish government, Goya developed an embittered attitude towards man. He had a first hand and acute awareness of panic, terror, fear and hysteria. He had survived two near-fatal illnesses, and grew increasingly anxious and impatient in fear of relapse. The combination of these factors is thought to have led to his production of 14 works known collectively as the Black Paintings.



The Collection : Black Paintings


Quinta del Sordo, 1900

Distribution of the paintings in Quinta

del Sordo

Black Paintings Series


“The Saturn devouring his son” (1819-1823)


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Átropos/Las Parcas), Atropos (The Fates)” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“Witches' Sabbath or Aquelarre is one of 14” from the Black Paintings series.1821-23


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“Witches' Sabbath or Aquelarre is one of 14(detail)” from the Black Paintings series.1821-23


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Duelo a garrotazos), Fight with Cudgels”

1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Dos viejos comiendo sopa), Two Old Men Eating Soup”

1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Vision fantástica/Asmodea), Fantastic Vision”

1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(La romería de San Isidro), A Pilgrimage to San Isidro” 1819-1823



“(El perro), The Dog” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Dos viejos/Un viejo y un fraile), Two Old Men” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Judith y Holofernes), Judith and Holofernes” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Hombres leyendo), Men Reading ” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Una manola/La Leocadia), Leocadia” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Mujeres riendo), Women Laughing” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“(Peregrinación a la fuente de San Isidro/Procesión del Santo Oficio), Procession of the Holy Office” 1819-1823


Francisco Goya

(26 April 1798 5 13 August 1863)

“Cabezas en un paisaje, (Possibly the fifteenth Black Painting) ”

J.M.W. Turner (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851)

Joseph Mallord William Turner

(23 April 1775 - 19 December 1851)

was an English Romantic landscape painter,

watercolourist and printmaker. Turner was

considered a controversial figure in his day, but is

considered a controversial figure in his day, but is

now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape

painting to an eminence rivaling history painting.Self Portrait (1799)

Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the

greatest masters of British watercolor landscape painting. He is

commonly known as "the painter of light" and his work is regarded as

a Romantic preface to Impressionism.

Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 - 19 December 1851)

Joseph Mallord William Turner

(23 April 1775 - 19 December 1851)

J.M.W. Turner

(23 April 1775 - 19 December 1851)

“Rain Stream and Speed” - The Great Western Railway painted (1844)


John Constable (11 June 1776 - 31 March 1837)

John Constable (11 June 1776 - 31 March 1837)

was an English Romantic painter. Born in

Suffolk, he is known principally for his

landscape paintings of Dedham Vale,

the area surrounding his home�now

the area surrounding his home�now

known as "Constable Country"9which

he invested with an intensity of affection.

"I should paint my own places best", he

wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821,

"painting is but another word for feeling".

Self Portrait (1799)

Self-portrait 1806, pencil on paper, Tate Gallery London. His only indisputable self-portrait, drawn by an arrangement of mirrors

John Constable(11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837)


“Maria Bicknell” 1816

John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837)

“


“Wivenhoe Park” (1816)


“The Cornfield”(1826)

John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) “The Hay Wain”(1821)


“Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds” 1825. As a gesture of appreciation for John Fisher, the Bishop of Salisbury, who commissioned this painting, Constable included the Bishop and his wife in the canvas. Their figures can be seen at the bottom left of the painting, behind the fence and under the shade of the trees.

John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) “Weymouth Bay” (1816)

John Constable (11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) “Seascape Study with Rain Cloud” 1824

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