Romantic Music, Drama, & Dance 1825-1900. Romantic Music.
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Transcript of Romantic Music, Drama, & Dance 1825-1900. Romantic Music.
Romantic Music
• Individuality of Style– Emphasis on self-expression
• Expressive Aims and Subjects– Explored a universe of feeling that
included flamboyance and intimacy, unpredictability and melancholy, rapture and longing
Romantic Music (cont’d)
• Nationalism – inclusion of folk songs, dances, legends, and other national material in a composition to associate it with the composer’s homeland
• Exoticism – use of melodies, rhythms, or instruments that suggest foreign lands
Romantic Music (cont’d)
• Expressive Tone Color– Reveled in rich and sensuous sound,
using tone color to obtain variety of mood and atmosphere
• Colorful Harmony– Seeking greater emotional intensity,
composers emphasized rich, colorful, and complex harmonies
Romantic Music (cont’d)
• Expanded Range of Dynamics, Pitch, and Tempo– Wider ranges of dynamics and pitches
– Rubato – slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo to intensify the expression of the music
Art Song
• Art song – setting of a poem for solo voice and piano, translating the poem’s mood and imagery into music
Schubert
• 1797-1828
• Earliest master of the romantic art song
• Never held an official position as musical director or organist
Schubert (cont’d)
• First Viennese composer whose income came entirely from musical composition
• Over 600 songs• Songs have a wide variety of moods
and styles• Uses imaginative harmonies
R. Schumann
• 1810-1856
• Embodied musical romanticism
• Thought of music in emotional, literary, and autobiographical terms
C. W. Schumann
• 1819-1896
• One of the leading concert pianists of the 19th-century
• Premiered many works by her husband Robert Schumann
Chopin
• 1810-1849
• The poet of the piano
• The only great composer who wrote almost only for the piano
Chopin (cont’d)
• Nocturne – a composition, usually slow, lyrical, and intimate in character, often for piano solo
• Étude – a piece designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties
• Polonaise – composition in triple meter with a stately character, often for piano solo
Liszt• 1811-1886
• Incredible showman and irresistible to women
• Controversial music
• Some consider his music to be vulgar
• His music was very original
Mendelssohn
• 1809-1847
• A romantic whose music was deeply rooted in classical tradition
• Evokes a variety of moods
Program Music• Program music – instrumental music
associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene
• Absolute music – instrumental music having no intended association with a story, poem, idea, or scene
• Program symphony – symphony related to a story, idea, or scene, in which each movement usually has a descriptive title
Tchaikovsky• 1840-1893
• A popular figure in Russian music and one of the most popular composers in history
• Mostly remembered for his ballets (The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and Sleeping Beauty)
Smetana
• 1824-1884
• The founder of Czech national music
• His works are influenced by folk songs, dances, and legends of his native Bohemia
Brahms
• 1833-1897
• A romantic who enhanced classical forms
• Created masterpieces in all the traditional forms except opera
Wagner
• 1813-1883• German composer,
conductor, music theorist and essayist primarily known for his operas which can be divided into three chronological periods.
Wagner (cont’d)
• Advanced the art of opera with Tristan and Isolde (his greatest singing opera) and Der Ring des Nibelunge also known as the Ring Cycle
• Leitmotif – short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought
Mahler
• 1860-1911
• Last great Austrian composer
• Music is often programmatic and reflects his constant search for the meaning of life
Melodrama
• Melodrama – a form of theatre and cinema that means “music drama”– Each character has a theme song
– The plot uses music that accompanies the action for purposes of mood setting and conflict
Stock characters
• Stock characters – stereotypical characters that are not developed as far as motivation and background