ROMANIAN PRISON SYSTEM

OVERVIEW

Romania

Area: 238 391 km²

Population: 22 million inhabitants

Capital City : Bucharest (1,9 million inhabitants)

Official language: Romanian

Religion: Orthodox (86,7% of population)

Currency: Leu (1 Leu = 0,23 Euro)

National Day: The 1st of December

Romanian Prison Staff Day: The 29th of June

SHORT HISTORY

• 1380 - There was the first entry about OCNA TROTUŞ - exploitation of salt as underground salt mines where labour was done by “ocnaşi” – usually those who were convicted of robbery, murders, etc. The technique was simple: the convict was lowered into the mine and he was released only when his sentence ends.

• 1788 – In Transylvania, under the Austro-Hungarian rule, the provisions of paragraph 61 of criminal procedure, promulgated by Emperor Joseph II, stated that: “every prison must be clean, dry, have enough air and light and be made so that slave’s (prisoner’s) health should not be put in jeopardy”.

• 1851 – Iaşi Prison Rules was drown up and contained the first provision of Romanian System of Law, which prohibits insulting and beating prisoners. By that time also, Anastase Panu, chief of the Ministry of Justice, draw Tg.Ocna Prison Rules.

SHORT HISTORY

• This opened the Modern Legislation Era in the field of custodial sentences by implementing “Auburian” detention regime and introducing the regulation concerning moral education of prisoners, which was to be done through religious education and the obligation for arrested to learn a job.

• 1969 - At the General Directorate of Penitentiaries, projects of two acts are developed and will later on become Law no. 23/1969 and its implementing Regulation; they were taking into account both Romanian experience preceding the 2nd World War and the recommendations of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Prisoners’ Treatment, adopted by the UN in 1955, with one exception - moral and religious support.

SHORT HISTORY

• Until the Revolution from 1989, the system had many conception limits, imposed by the official socialist ideology, as the demand that all the inmates should be given back to the society as useful persons, the compulsoriness that the rehabilitation programs to include a large number of political themes.

• 1990 - The breaking off from the communist past allowed the breaking off from the communist education model, with all its implications.

• The Law no.21/15.10.1990 meant a new challenge to the prison system. It passes from the Ministry of Interior to the Ministry of Justice, which was a milestone for the further development of the system.

SHORT HISTORY

• Prison reform began immediately after The General Directorate of Penitentiaries passed under the Ministry of justice and mainly concerned the humanization of detention regime.

• 2004 - On September, 28, Law no.293/2004 regarding the Statute of Civil Servants of the National Penitentiary Administration came into force, the legislative act which stipulated the demilitarization of the Prison Staff.

SHORT HISTORY

• 2006 - Law no.275/2006 regarding the execution of sentences and measures ordered by judicial authorities during the criminal trial was adopted. This provides a modern development of the activity concerning appliance of sentences and aligning Romanian prison system to European standards.

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – CENTRAL APPARATUS

GENERAL DIRECTOR

Deputy GeneralD

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Sec

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and

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Hum

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Man

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Soc

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Dire

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Info

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Tec

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Com

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Dire

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Pre

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and

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Pen

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Insp

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Deputy GeneralDirector

Deputy GeneralDirector

Cab

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and

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Pub

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Social Reintegration DirectorateEconomic and

Administrative Department

Litigation and Elaboration of Normative Acts

Directorate

Human Resources Management DirectorateSecurity of Detention and

Penitentiary Regime Directorate

Information Technology and Communication

Directorate

Adv

isor

s D

ivis

ion

Medical DirectoratePersonnel Psychology Department

Labour Protection DivisionEmergency Situations Management DivisionCabinet and General Registry

Department Advisors DivisionPrevention of Crime and Terrorism

DirectorateOrganisation-Mobilisation DivisionClassified Information DepartmentPublic Relation and Media Office

Cooperation and Programs Department

Penitentiary Inspection Directorate

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – SYSTEM UNITS

National Administration of Penitentiaries – Central ApparatusNational Administration of Penitentiaries – Central Apparatus

Detention Detention UnitsUnits

Training UnitsTraining UnitsThe Supply, The Supply, Husbandry and Husbandry and

Repair UnitRepair Unit

Guard and EscortGuard and Escort ofof Transfer Transfereded

Inmates Inmates Subunit Subunit

Prisons (32)Prisons (32)

Prisons for women (1)Prisons for women (1)

Prisons for minors and young people (2)Prisons for minors and young people (2)

Re-educational Centres for minors (3)Re-educational Centres for minors (3)

Hospital Prisons (6)Hospital Prisons (6)

Training Centre for Prison Training Centre for Prison Officers Officers (Arad)(Arad)

National Correctional Officers National Correctional Officers Training School Training School (Tîrgu Ocna)(Tîrgu Ocna)

PERSONNEL STRUCTURE

Personnel provided in - 15.434organizational chart

Employed personnel - 12.067

78%78% Appointed postsAppointed posts

78%

22%

Appointed Posts Job Vacancies

• Civil servants with special statute:

• Officers - 1.890

• Correctional officers - 9.626

• Contractual personnel - 551

Number of EmployeesNumber of Employees / / InmatesInmates ratio = 1 / 2,28ratio = 1 / 2,28

- 31 prisonsprisons

- 6 hospital prisonshospital prisons- 3 Re-education centresRe-education centres

- 1 prison for prison for womenwomen- Training unitsTraining units

- 3 prisons for minors and young peopleprisons for minors and young people

PERSONNEL STRUCTURE

OFFICERS

Penitentiary Quaestor

Penitentiary Chief comissioner

Penitentiary Comissioner

Penitentiary Sub-comissioner

Penitenciary Chief inspector

Penitentiary Inspector

Penitentiary Sub-inspector

PERSONNEL STRUCTURE

Correctional Officers

Penitentiary Main Chief Agent

Penitentiary Chief Agent

Penitentiary Deputy Chief Agent

Penitentiary Main Agent

Penitentiary Agent

INMATES STATISTICS

NNumber of inmatesumber of inmates in in3131 December December 20120122

114,44114,44%% occupancy indexoccupancy index

26.821

30.694

24.000

25.000

26.000

27.000

28.000

29.000

30.000

31.000

Provided beds Number of inmates

INMATES STATISTICS

3111

12550

7834

20321027

3359

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Open Semi-open Closed Maximumsecurity

Quarantine Preventivecustody

Distribution of inmates according to prison regimesDistribution of inmates according to prison regimes31 December 201231 December 2012

INMATES STATISTICS

450

1649

10956

9979

7150

510

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14 - 18 18 - 21 22 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 60 Over 60

Distribution of inmates according to ageDistribution of inmates according to age31 December 201231 December 2012

INMATES STATISTICS

884

9460

2918

1490

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Under 1 year 1 - 5 years 5 - 15 years 15 - 20 years Life sentence

Distribution according to duration of custodial sentenceDistribution according to duration of custodial sentence31 December 201231 December 2012

Progressive decentralization of decision up to the regional level. Strategic Management Group.

Regional co-ordination prisons

Social ReinsertionThe individualization of the punishment execution regime and the particularized

approach of the psycho-social intervention is achieved by: Psycho-social intervention activities:

Psychological evaluations Social evaluation Psychological and social counseling Psychological and social assistance programs

Educational activities: School training

Professional training Educational programs Informative educational activities Sport activities Activities in community

Directorate for Social Reinsertion

The education activities reached a qualitative and quantitative development, placing the accent on the person and his rehabilitation potential. The main activities:

School training Professional training Informative educative activities Sport activities Activities in community Therapeutic activities Social assistance activities Psychological intervention activities

2594

2740

2981

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

Prisoners included in the comparative education curricula for 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009

2006/2007

2007/2008

2008/2009

Schooling activity

2260

2806

2535

219154

131

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

B F

2006

2007

2008

Professional training activity

Participation in recreational sports activities

50769

43002

50599

38000

40000

42000

44000

46000

48000

50000

52000

2006

2007

2008

Activities carried on in the community

17641974

2427

1969

5899

5149

1411

19331681

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

M B F

2006

2007

2008

NATIONAL PRISON SYSTEM STRATEGY 2009-2013

VISION:

We will develop a safe public service for community based on prison staff members’ professionalism, integrity and loyalty, as well as on the observance of prisoners’ fundamental rights.

Social Rehabilitation Creating an organizational subunit designed to carry out analyses,

syntheses, studies and interpretation; Elaborating and implementing a unitary system of assessment and

intervention; Drawing up and promoting a national strategy aimed at prisoners’

social re-entry; Developing partnership with non-governmental organizations and

local communities, which will result in facilitating inmates’ social rehabilitation;

Creating a partnership between the Romanian prison service and the EU prison structures, facilitating the exchange of good practices and the development of a joint regulatory framework in the European penal system.