Romanesque=Hierarchy Contemplative vs. Active Life Opposition between spiritual and secular world...
-
Upload
pierce-sparks -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Romanesque=Hierarchy Contemplative vs. Active Life Opposition between spiritual and secular world...
Romanesque=HierarchyContemplative vs. Active Life
• Opposition between spiritual and secular world
• Contemplative life-- represented by monks and the church---monasteries
• Active life -- represented by laypeople living in a feudal society---castles and villages, primogeniture
• Church and society adhere to strict hierarchy, spiraling upward to God of the church or King of the castle
Feudalism—king as head Monasteries-God as head
Serfs belowMonks below
Medieval Conflicts• Mysticism vs Rationalism• Contemplative vs Active• Poverty vs Luxury• Faith vs Knowledge• Latin vs Vernacular• Sacred vs Secular• Feudal kingdoms vs Emerging Nations
How can these dualities be reconciled?
SUMMA a complex theory of the universe
Thomas Aquinas’ summa (1273 CE) stated that beauty can only be seen through order and unity
Faith is brought into a rational system
Romanesque (800-1150)
St. Sernin, 1080 CE Toulouse, Francea pilgrimage church
•Roman basilica shape with a cross design
•Little exterior ornamentation
•Spires begin to show emphasis on vertical---hierarchy!
RomanesqueTYMPANUMS and CAPITALS
with low-relief sculpture
“Sheep go to heaven; goats go to hell” Cake
Last Judgment---what would you feel if you walked under this door?
ROMANESQUEARCHITECTURE
•Rounded arches•Barrel vaulting•Thick walls•Low spires•Minimal decoration•Tympanums, capitals•Inner not outer•Abbey not urban
GOTHICARCHITECTURE
•Pointed arches•Ribbed groin vaulting•Stained glass•Gargoyles•Flying buttresses•Outer and inner ornamentation•Urban not abbey
800-1150 CE 1200-1400 CE
Chartres Cathedral,
outside of Parisafter fire construction:
1194-1260 CE
GOTHIC1200-1400
Right spire, 1145 CELeft spire, 1180 CE
Rose window
Pointed arches ribbed groin vaulting
ExteriorPortal sculpture
Chartres Stained Glass•Rose window•Lancet windows•Light expresses ecstasy•Inner blends with outer•The world dematerializes
Bakers’signature
Minerals are blended into molten glassDetails are added with metal oxides
Lead strips join pieces
Patrons are families, royalty, guilds
NOTRE DAME de PARIS“Our Lady”
1183-1250 CE
Paris becomes center of education and culture
Statues and stained glass tell holy stories to the illiterate
UPWARD….VERTICALRibbed arches
Flying buttressesLancet windowsPointed spiresLayered design
Rooftop gargoyles
Notre DameCalled the “Temple of Reason” during revolutionary times, where much art was destroyed.
Notre Dame was rebuilt in the 1800s, and was the setting for Hugo’s Hunchback of Notre Dame, a Romantic novel with a tragic, deformed hero and a “Madonna/whore” Medieval leading lady
Sculpture used by clergy to tell biblical storiesOrnamentation more 3-dimensional than Romanesque
More detailed tympanum with statues becoming freed from the walls