Roman Buildings
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Transcript of Roman Buildings
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The Buildings of Ancient Roman Cities
Emily Ross
July 9, 2010
Session 5 Roman City
Menorca, Spain
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Common Buildings• Forums• Basilica• Temples • Senate House• Theaters• Amphitheaters• Triumphal Arches• Triumphal Columns • Imperial Baths • Aqueducts and Sewers• Housing
Roman Forum
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Forums
Roman Forum in Rome.
Central marketplace used for a variety of activities including business and politics.
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Basilica
Remains of the Basilica di Massenzio, Foro Romano in Rome.
• First believed to be constructed in 2nd century BC
• Public building used to conduct business and legal matters
• Large roofed hall, interior colonnades, large central aisle, and apse
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Christianization of the Basilica
Baptism of Constantine by Raphael’s students
With the Christianization of the Roman empire basilicas adopted a religious purpose.
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Creation of Basilica in SaniseraThe basilica here in Sanirera is believed
to be built in the 4th or 5th century.
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Temples
The PantheonTemple to all gods of Ancient Rome
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Temples Cont.
Temple of Venus and RomaVenus, the mythical ancecestress of the Julian's, dominates Caesar's Forum
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Senate House- Curia• Built in the fashion of
Etruscan style
• Served as a meeting place of the Senate
• Burned down several times
• Was finally rebuilt in Caesar's plan of the forum in 44 BC
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Theaters
Pompey’s Theater, Rome built in 55 BC
• Adopted Greek’s construction of theaters
• Roman theaters however, were secular
• Massive structures raised on concrete vaults allowing construction in cities
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Theaters Cont.Theater in Sabratha, Libya
• Refer to the construction of theaters in provinces to depict the progress of theater design
• This theater gives the full effect of the Roman theater
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Amphitheaters
Pompeii’s Amphitheater
• An amphitheater is an elliptical open air venue most closely related to gladiatorial activities.
• Amphitheater in Pompeii is one of the oldest and best preserved.
• In provinces that could not afford full gladiatorial fights amphitheaters were used for sporting contests.
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Amphitheaters Cont.The Colosseum, Rome
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Triumphal Arches
Arch of Titus
• A monumental archway built to celebrate a victory
• Romans were the 1st to use arch in commemoration
• Not many remain from the republican period, with Augustus’ reordering of the forum
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Triumphal Columns
Trajan’s Column 113 AD
• Triumphal columns celebrated great individuals especially military men
• Roman columns were marble columns topped by bronze or marble statues
• An effort to perpetuate their fame through the most durable means possible
• First columns erected form the 3rd century BC
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Imperial Baths- Thermae
Reconstructed drawing of the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.
• Largest and most architecturally adventurous structures
• First appeared in 2nd century BC
• Most roman cities had at lest one public bath
• Included a cold bath, a warm bath, and hot bath- frigidarium, tepidarium, and caldarium respectively.
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Aqueducts and Sewers
A remaining portion of Aqua Claudia
• Two very essential aspects of Roman civilization
• 1st aqueduct built in 312 BC by Appias Claudius
• Runs underground for 10 miles providing water from springs near Albano
• Only used elaborate above ground aqueducts when necessary
• Sewers were less elaborate.• Required flowing water to
be effective
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Housing: Domus
Atrium of a Pompeian Domus
• A detached single family house
• One or two story house
• Rooms set around an atrium, central hall open to the sky
• Became more grand with larger atriums, grandly colonnaded and decorated
• Slits for windows, or wholly windowless rooms for security rather than privacy
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Housing: Insulae• Large apartment
complexes for the lower class
• Often span the length of a block and up to 7 stories tall
• Commonly poorly constructed and were subject to fire and collapse
An insula dating from the early 2nd century A.D. in the Roman port town of Ostia Antica.
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Thanks ALL!