Prehistoric Britain

Roman Britain43 AD

Anglo Saxon Britain 450

Viking Britain 793

Medieval Britain 1066

Tudor Britain1485

Stuart Britain 1603

Georgian Britain1714

Victorian Britain1837

Modern Britain 1902 +

Timeline of the Kings and Queens of England

from 1066 to 1603

The Normans(1066 - 1154)

Plantagenets(金雀花)(1154 -

1399)

The House of Lancaster

(1399 - 1461)

The House of York(1461 - 1485)

The Tudors(1485 -1603)

•Early British History

• Celtic kings and princes ruled Scotland, Ireland and

Wales, and everything else was controlled by Anglo-

Saxons.

• Then in early 800s, Danish Vikings from northern

Europe began attacking Britain.

1066: The Norman Invasion

• Before 1066, England was Germanic

(Anglo-Saxons and Vikings)

• After 1066, the French took over.

High Middle-Ages

I. However, by about 1300, Anglo-Saxon

and French had mixed to become a new

English culture.

II. New language (Middle-English)

III. New society: highly developed strong

kingdom

The Normans- from 1066

King William I, the

Conqueror 1066 -

1087

The Normans

• King William II, Rufus1087 - 1100Son of William I.

The Normans

• King Henry I 1100 –1135

The fourth and youngest son of William I.

The Normans

•King Stephen 1135 -1154

•Civil war followed between King Stephen and Matilda, Henry I's daughter.

•A compromise was decided, Matilda's son, Henry Plantagenet, was to be king when

The Normans

Empress Matilda 1141

Daughter of Henry I.

England's first female monarch.

The Plantagenets

King Henry II 1154 –1189

~Son of Matilda and grandson of Henry I.

He controlled more of France than the King of France.

The Plantagenets

• King John 1

1199 - 1216

• Responsible for the

Magna Carta (Great

Charter), limiting

power of king and

church

England in the High

Middle-Ages

The Plantagenets

• King Henry III 1216 –1272

•Henry was 9 years old when he became king.

The Plantagenets

•King Edward I 1272 - 1307Eldest son of Henry III. Edward 'Longshanks'

• fought wars against the Scots King Robert the Bruce and was called 'the hammer of the Scots'.

The Plantagenets

• King Edward

II

1307 - 1327Edward's wife formed an

army to take over the

Kingdom. He was

murdered in prison.

The Plantagenets

• King Edward III 1327 - 1377Son of Edward II. Edward came to the throne at the age of 14.

• He fought many battles against the Scots and the French.

• The outbreak of bubonic plague, the 'Black Death' in 1348-1350 killed half the population of England.

The Plantagenets

• Richard II 1377 -

1399

The House of Lancaster

• Henry V 1413 - 1422

Son of Henry IV.

He fought the French in

the battle of Agincourt

and won. Died at the age

of 35.

The House of Lancaster

• Henry VI 1422 - 1461, 1470 - 1471Henry succeeded the throne when he was only 9 months old.

• He was crowned King of France at Notre Dame in Paris on 16 December 1431. He lost the English claim to all French soil except for Calais.

• The war of the roses began between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.

• He was murdered in the Tower of London a few days after the Yorkist' victory in the Wars of Roses.

The House of York

• King Edward IV 1461 -1470,

Tried to bring peace to the country.

The House of York

• King Edward V 1483 -1483

• He reigned for only two months. He and his brother Richard were murdered in the Tower of London. He was only about 12 years old when he died.

The House of York

• King Richard III 1483 -1485

• He was killed in battle against Henry Tudor (Henry VII) ending the Wars of the Roses.

• He was the last English King to die on the Battlefield.

The Tudors

• King Henry VII (Henry Tudor) 1485 - 1509

• Kept England peaceful and brought riches to the crown and country.

Tudor Dynasty

The beginning of a new era.

~~ 1486-1603 ~~

The Tudors

• King Henry VIII 1509 -1547

• Argued with the Pope and made himself the head of the new 'Church of England'.

The Tudors

• King Edward VI

1547 - 1553

Son of Henry VIII

and Jane Seymour.

He was never a

healthy King and

died aged only 15

years.

The Tudors • Queen Mary I (Bloody

Mary) 1553 - 1558

Daughter of Henry VIII and

Katharine of Aragón.

• Wanted to make England

Catholic again. Killed many

who opposed her which is

why she is remembered as

Bloody Mary.

The Tudors

• Queen Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

The Stuarts

• James I 1603 - 1625James authorized the translation of the King James Bible.

The Stuarts

• Charles I 1625 - 1649

• Fought against the Parliament leading to civil war.

•Was executed as a result on 30 January 1649.

• England became a Republic for eleven years from 1649 - 1660.

• At first England was ruled by Parliament, but in 1653, Oliver Cromwell, commander of the army, became Lord Protector of England.

• Cromwell did not want to be king and refused the crown when it was offered to him.

• The Commonwealth - declared May 19th 1649

• Oliver Cromwell (1653-58)

• Richard Cromwell (1658-59)

The Stuarts line Restored

• Charles II 1660 - 1685Son of Charles I. He was crowned King of Scotland in 1651. When Richard Cromwell lost the confidence of Parliament and abdicated, Charles returned to London in time for his thirteenth birthday and to rule Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales).

The Stuarts line Restored

• James II 1685 - 1688

• Whilst king, James tried to force people to follow his Roman Catholic faith. He was very unpopular because of his persecution of the Protestants, and he was hated by the people.

• He was forced to give up the crown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

The Stuarts line Restored

• William III 1688 - 1702 and Queen Mary II 1688 - 1694Parliament asked William of Orange to take the throne.

• Mary, daughter of James II and her Dutch husband were invited to be King and Queen following James abdication.

The Stuarts line Restored

• Queen Anne 1702 - 1714

• All of her 17 children died.

• 1707 Act of Union between

Scotland and England

formed Great Britain.

The House of Hanoverians

The House of Hanoverians

• King George I 1714 - 1727

The first German king of England

made little effort to learn the

language …..He spent much of his

reign in Hanover.

The House of Hanoverians

• King George II 1727 -1760Son of George IPreferred Germany to England, but learned to speak English, unlike his father.

The House of Hanoverians

• King George III 1760 - 1820George III was the first Hanoverian monarch to be born in England.

• George III ruled for 50 years and fathered 15 children. Australia was colonized.

The House of Hanoverians

• King George IV 1820 - 1830

The House of Hanoveriansm

• King William IV 1830 -

1837

• During his reign England

abolished slavery in the

colonies in 1833.

The House of Hanoverians

• Queen Victoria1837 - 1901

• Ruled during the industrial revolution. The British Empire became powerful, rich and confident.

• When Victoria died in 1901, after the longest reign in English history, the British Empire and British world power had reached their highest point. She had 9 children, 40 grand-children and 37 great-grandchildren, scattered all over Europe.

The House of Saxe - Coburg Gotha

• King Edward VII 1901 - 1910

• He married Alexandra of Denmark and kept Europe at peace during his life. He was known as Edward the Peacemaker. He enjoyed fine food and horse racing.

The House of Windsor

• When George V came to the throne, he

changed the family name to Windsor

because of the anti-German feeling at the

time.

• Name changed in 1917

The House of Windsor

• King George V 1910 - 1936Second son of Edward VIIRuled Britain during First World War 1914 - 1918. During his reign women were allowed to vote for the first time.

The House of Windsor

• King Edward VIII June 1936 –

• Abdicated to marry Mrs Wallis

Simpson, as he was not able to

marry a divorced woman and

become King.

The House of Windsor

• King George VI 1936 - 1952

• He didn't expect to become King. Ruled during World War Two and refused to leave London during the blitz. The two Princesses, Elizabeth and Margaret, spent the war years at Windsor Castle .

The House of Windsor

• Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day

• Her coronation, on June 2, 1953, was the first to be televised.

• Queen Elizabeth II is the 40th monarch (King or Queen) since William the Conqueror obtained the crown of England in 1066.