Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines
Transcript of Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines
Trusted to deliver excellence
© 2014 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG
The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.
Rolls-Royce Technology for Future
Aircraft Engines
RAeS Hamburg
March 20 2014
Ulrich Wenger, Head of Engineering & Technology
Rolls-Royce Deutschland
Content
o 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce
o 2. Engine Technology in the Past
o Engines for Commercial Jets o Turboprops o Engines for Business Jets
o 3. Sustainable Aviation
o ACARE / Flight Path 2050 Targets o Future Engine Concepts
o 4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce
2
3 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce: Power Systems for 4 Markets
4
2013 Financial Highlights
5
6 Rolls-Royce Deutschland 2013 at a Glance
7 Sustainable Growth in Germany
8 Rolls-Royce in Germany
Rolls-Royce Power Systems Friedrichshafen
2. Engine Technology in the Past
• First jet propelled flight took place 75 years ago:
Heinkel He 178 with HeS3
designed by Pabst von Ohain,
27.08.1939 Rostock
• First commercial jet airplane 1949/52:
DeHavilland Comet DH106
DeHaviland Ghost at first flight.
Rolls-Royce Avon engines on production aircrafts.
(later also in S.A. Caravelle)
9
Source: Wikipedia
Supersonic
Concorde, RR/Snecma Olympus, Turbojet Engine
10
First flight: 21.01.1976
No of Aircraft built: 16(+4)
Cruise Speed: Ma 2,2
RR Olympus, developed by Bristol Aero Engines for Vulcan Bomber
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
11
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Engine Design RR Olympus
Turbojet engine, no bypass flow
Medium pressure ratio
Variable geometry at inlet and exhaust (afterburner)
Minimum frontal area
12
13 Turboprops
Turboprop Engine RR Dart
• 2 axial-centrifugal compressors
• Tubular combustor
• First run 1946
Commercial airplanes:
• Fokker F27 Friendship
• Vickers Viscount
• Douglas DC-3 re-engineing
• Gulfstream GI
• Convair 600/640
• YS-11
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Wikipedia
Turboprops 14
Turboprop Engine RR Tyne
Applications in military aircraft:
• Breguet Atlantique, maritime patrol
• Transall C-160
• First flight Atlantique: 21.10.1961
• Medium air speed, conventional
propeller delivers good efficiency
• Low fuel burn requires moderate
pressure ratio of about 13,5. Two shaft
core engine allows very effective
components
Source: Wikipedia
Turboprops
Airbus A400M
EPI TP400 D6
15
• Air speed nearly at jet level (Ma 0,72) => modern propeller with complex control
required (one power lever to control per engine)
• Low fuel burn on long missions => Turboprop with high pressure ratio(ca. 26);
optimum component efficiencies; 2 shaft core, free power turbine
• First flight of the engine on C-130 testbed: 17.12.2008
16
Bypass Engine RR Conway
• First bypass engine in commercial service
• 2 shafts, 2 axial compressors
• BPR=0,6
Commercial airplanes:
• Boeing 707
• Douglas DC-8
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Wikipedia
17
High Bypass Engine RR RB 211
• 3 shafts
• BPR ca. 5
• Wide Chord Fan (Honeycomb)
on later versions (-535, -524)
Commercial airplanes:
• Boeing 757, 767, 747
• Lockheed L 1011 Tristar
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Wikipedia
18 Modern Commercial Jets 18
A380, RR Trent 900
Trent XWB - Advanced Technology for A350
2 stage IP turbine
Advanced
materials
Blisk
technology
Bearing load
management
Low emissions
combustor Hollow
lightweight
titanium fan
system
Full 3D aero
compressors
Integrated
intelligent engine
health monitoring
Turbine end wall
profiling
Soluble core HP
turbine blades
Rolls-Royce proprietary information Copyright: Airbus
19
Milestones Business Jets
Gulfstream GI RR Dart
Gulfstream GII RR Spey
Gulfstream GIII RR Spey
Gulfstream GIV RR Tay
Gulfstream G350/450 RR Tay 8C
Gulfstream GV/G550 BR710
Gulfstream G650 BR725
20
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
BR725 Engine for Gulfstream G650 21
Smoke free combustor
16 lobe mixer for minimal jet noise
New swept fan, Trent technology, increased diameter, increased bypass ratio
Improved HPC with 5 stages of blisk
New 3stage LPT
3. Sustainable Aviation
• Climate Change (CO2 Emissions)
• Noise
• problematic close to Airports
Circa 1900 Today
Pasterz Gletscher, Österreich
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
85 dB(A) Take-off Noise 737-200 DC9-50
RJ100
717-200
Startbahn
22
Pasterz Glacier, Austria
Source: World Resources Institute 2005
~700 million tonnes of CO2 per year
~1050 million tonnes of CO2 per year
Greenhouse gas emissions (all gasses) for (2005)
28.0
25.911.9
10.4
8.5
4.3
4.03.2 2.3 1.6
Electricity and heat
Agriculture, land use change andforestryManufacturing and construction
Transport
Other fuel combustion
Industrial processes
Fugitive emissions
Waste
Marine
Aviation
Man-made greenhouse gas emissions (all gasses)
23
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Global Aviation CO2 Emissions Scenario 24
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Flightpath 2050 Goals to take ACARE beyond 2020
The Advisory Council for Aviation Research and
Innovation in Europe (ACARE) has set new
technology goals to achieve by 2050
75% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometre
90% reduction in NOx emissions, and
65% reduction in noise
Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda – goals:
Meeting Societal and Market Needs
Maintaining and Extending Industrial Leadership
Protecting the Environment and the Energy Supply
Ensuring Safety and Security
Prioritising Research, Testing Capabilities & Education
Airframe Engine ATM &
Operations
Requires
Improvement
in all areas
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
25
ACARE 2020 and Flight Path 2050 Targets
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
X X
26
Trent 1000 is 12% more fuel efficient than Trent 800
27
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Alternative Fuels
4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce 28
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70 0.700
0.725
0.975
1.000
0.950
0.925
0.900
0.875
0.825
0.850
0.800
0.775
0.750
0.4
0.425
0.450
0.475
0.500
0.525
0.550
0.575
0.600
0.625
propulsive
efficiency prop
thermal efficiency th
x transfer efficiency tran
Current
Rolls-Royce
HBR engines
theoretical limit
for Open Rotor
propulsive
efficiency
theoretical limit
stoichiometric TET,
optimum componenten
efficiency, 80+ OPR. Spe
cific
Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n lb
/ hr
/ lb
f @ 0
.8M
n
Turbofan Thermodynamic Cycle Efficiencies
practical limit for
low NOx
30%
theoretical
improvement at
Ma 0.8
29
Fuel Burn Reduction and CO2 Improvements
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
Reference
+12-15%
- 5-8 %
3rd Generation BPR=5-8 RB211, Trent 700, V2500
4th Generation BPR=8-10 Trent 500/900, GP7000
5th Generation BPR>10 Trent 1000, GENX
- 15 %
- 20 %
UHBR, BPR>20, CRTF
ACARE Vision 2020 Target
- 10%
New Architectures
Open rotor, BPR>35
ATF or GTF BPR >11
2030
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
30
Commercial Jets 2nd Generation BPR<5 PW JT8D, RR Conway
Type Test Turbine Entry Temperatures (TET)
Process Temperatures, Trends
• High OR cycles
increase turbine entry
temperatures
• Required HPT
technology:
• Materials & Coatings • Cooling design &
airsystem design
Current
Development
Engines
S
s
S
S
S
S
Y
y
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
31
Composite Fan Research today 32
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee E e
Rolls-Royce Carbon-Titanium Fan, CTi Fan
• Composite/Ti fan
blade for next
generation large
engine
Rolls-Royce UltraFan
• With further increasing bypass ratios,
a geared LP-system offers benefits
• Current nacelle designs with TRU
could be replaced by variable pitch
composite fan (VP fan) and variable
area nozzle (VAN)
35
Technology Demonstrators
Potential “Game Changers”
Pressure Gain
Combustion
Engine – Airframe Optimisation
Advanced Cycles
ICR
Integrated electrical
systems
Adaptive cycles
Open rotor
36
37 Turboelectric Hybrid Propulsion (NASA Concept)
• Seperate power- and
thrust generation
• Blended wing body with
maximum L/D ratio
• Electrcally driven fans
with wing boundary
layer suction
• Gas turbine in wing tips
generates electrical
power
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Paper ISABE 2011-1340
38 eConcept (Airbus/Rolls-Royce)
• Blended Wing Body
• 1 GT-Engine with
Generators
• 6 electrically driven
Fans
• Battery to store
electrical energy
eConcept presented by EADS at Aero Salon Paris 2013
Rolls-Royce proprietary information
Source: Airbus
Summary 39
Rolls-Royce data
Gasturbines still have a lot of potential in
aircraft propulsion
Rolls-Royce and the aerospace industry
carry out a lot of research to fulfil the
challenging ACARE targets which will make
air travel more sustainable.
This overview presented some of the
technologies on which RR works currently
My personal opinion about future air
transport:
In 20 years we will still fly, and probably subsonic Gasturbines will largely generate the power for
aircraft propulsion We will see more propellers and hybrid systems in
use on aircraft