Role of the p index in conservation
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Transcript of Role of the p index in conservation
Role of the P Index in Conservation Targeting and Nutrient Management Planning:
Lessons learned from the Pleasant Valley Project
Laura Ward Good, Dept. of Soil Science, U. Wisconsin‐Madison.Kim Meyer, Nutrient and Pest Management Program, U. W.‐MadisonJim Leverich, UW‐Extension
Photo: M Godfrey
Wisconsin P Index
Estimates average annual P lb/acre/year delivered to surface water from field
Developed for use in Nutrient Management Planning, uses “conservative” assumptionsPhoto: M Godfrey
SnapPlus
RUSLE2
P Index calculator P Index:Rotation AverageAnnualDissolvedParticulate
Nutrient application calculator
County
Soil Test P and Organic Matter
Field Slope
Field Slope Length
Tillage
Rotation crops and yields
Manure Applications
P Fertilizer Applications
Downfield Slope to Surface Water
Soil Type
Distance to Surface Water
Soil Type
PhosphorusIndex
SnapPlus NM PlanCounty
Soil Test P and Organic Matter
Field Slope
Field Slope Length
Tillage
Rotation crops and yields
Manure Applications
P Fertilizer Applications
Downfield Slope to Surface Water
Soil Type
Distance to Surface Water
Soil Type
Nutrient recommendationsManure and legume credits Fertilizer needsChecks that applications meet surface and groundwater protections
Maintain a rotational PI of 6 or less and an annual PI of 12 or less
Must meet T on all fields
RUSLE2
P Index calculator
Nutrient application calculator
PhosphorusIndex
Beyond NMPs: Other uses of P Index and SnapPlus
Identifying high P runoff risk fields
Identifying alternative managements
Quantifying P loss reductions (P Trade Report)
Fall chisel in 10,000 gal/acre dairy manure5 T/a/yr erosion
No till, fall apply 10,000 gal/acre dairy manure2 T/a/yr erosion
How did Nutrient Management Planning work as a targeted conservation practice?
Pleasant Valley Project Question
• Goal of the survey: to determine the farmers opinion of nutrient management (NM) and whether or not they viewed NM as a useful tool on their farm
• Survey participation: 16 of 22 farmers participated in the survey• Contacted ‘non‐participating’ farmers to get their
take on NM (2 of the 16 farmers)
Farmer Survey
Questions:1. Are you following your Nutrient Management
Plan (NMP)?
2. What, if any, changes have you made to your operation since implementing the NMP?
3. If you hired a consultant to complete your NMP, did they go over it with you?
4. Do you value your NMP as a useful management tool on your farm?
Farmer Survey
1. Most farmers were following their NMP – 86% • Barriers to implementation included
impracticalities in the plan, such as location of scheduled winter manure applications
2. Most farmer made changes to their operation because of the plan – 93%• Changes include:
a) Less tillageb) Adjustments to their cropping rotationc) Amount, location, or timing of manure or
fertilizer applicationsd) Integration of winter forage crops into their
system
Farmer Survey‐Responses
Farmer Survey‐Responses
3. Most consultants went over the plan with the farmer to some degree• Some items covered:
a) Soil test resultsb) Manure and/or fertilizer planc) Suggestions for change
*MOST farmers relied heavily on the consultant to implement the majority of fertilizer plan
Farmer Survey‐Responses
4. Most farmers saw the plan as a useful tool in the beginning• BUT after making the necessary changes to their
operation some didn’t see the value in having an updated plan every year
• Grain farmers vs Dairy farmers perspectiveDairy farmers saw the value in annual updates as they have additional variables to deal with such as manure
Overall trend viewed during the survey:The more involved the farmer was with the planning process, the more they understood about the NMP and WHY they needed to make certain changes
Lessons Learned
Personal Buy‐in to the NMP is Key
Lessons Learned
Locally lead conservation is a good thing!
Warning: the speed of change when conducting such a project can turn off potential farmer participants
Lessons Learned
1. Increased workload is inevitable, be prepared• Time frame for cost‐share sign‐up was extremely
short which required more hours from agency staff
• When using a field scale planning tool such as SnapPlus, tracking changes takes a lot of time• Consider the extra time required of the
project coordinators and farmers• Farming is variable, so adjustments will
always need to be made to reflect real‐world changes
2. Include all players in the planning processa) County, NRCSb) Farmersc) Farmer’s Consultants
• Likely due to the quick sign‐up period, the farmer’s consultants where not included in the conversation, and expectations where not communicated
• This lead to many changes and revisions to the NMP’s after they were completed
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
3. Education is invaluable• The more educated the farmer was on the
concepts of NM and saw why they were important the more likely they were to adopt and follow the plan• Once they understood the NMP they were
able to see how the NMP could benefit their farming operation
• No longer viewed the plan just as a government requirement but also as a valuable on‐farm management tool
Lessons Learned
Farmer Success Story
Mark Keller operates a 300 cow dairy along with his brother Tim. Mark took ownership of the nutrient management plan on their farm and learned the SnapPlus program. He used the program to test out various cropping scenarios that had a positive conservation benefit and that would work well with their current farming operation.
Photo: L. Betts
How did NM work as a targeted conservation practice?
Signs of Success• 93% of farmers made changes to their operation
because of their nutrient management plan• The gauge shows progress in the reduction of P
loading
Even though the effects of Nutrient Management on the overall change in water quality can not be determined, farmers are making changes and moving in a positive
direction towards better conservation
Personal Buy‐In to the Nutrient Management Plan is KEY