Role of media and civil societies in combating
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Role of Civil Societies for Sustainable Development
Training Program: Role of Media and Civil Societies in Combating Disasters and
Climate ChangeCenter for Climate Change and Environment Advisory (CCCEA)Dr. MCR HRD Institute of AP
28th - 30th June 2011
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, CEO, GEO http://e-geo.org
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•The Drivers of Change
•The Challenge of Politics
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Civil Society
"the arena, outside of the family, the state, and the market where people associate to advance common interests."[2]
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CS - Representationthe associations of citizens (outside their families, friends and businesses)
entered into voluntarily to advance their interests, ideas and ideologies. The term does not include profit-making activity (the private sector) or governing (the public sector). Civil societies are often populated by organizations:
Registered charities, development non-governmental organizations, community groups, women's organizations, faith-based, religious and spiritual organizations, professional associations, trade unions, self-help groups, social movements, business associations, coalitions and advocacy groups. trade unions, indigenous people’s organizations, academeic
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In the HistoryDuring the second half of the 19th century,
nationalist consciousness spread across India and self-help emerged as the primary focus of sociopolitical movements.
Numerous organizations were established during this period, including the Friend-in-Need Society (1858), Prathana Samaj (1864), Satya Shodhan Samaj (1873), Arya Samaj (1875), the National Council for Women in India (1875), and the Indian National Conference (1887).
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Defining Non-Governmental Organisations
How do you describe an NGO? One survey found 48 different terms and acronyms. Here is a sample:
In short, there is no agreed terminology for describing the NGO sector.
In some ways, it is easier to describe what NGOs are not, rather than what they are. It is generally agreed that NGOs are not:
part of government, or organized primarily for private profit.
BINGOs Big International NGOs BONGOs Business Organized NGOsCBOs Community Based OrganizationsCSOs Civil Society OrganizationsENGOs Environmental NGOsGONGOs Government Organized NGOs
IPOs Indigenous Peoples OrganizationsGROs Grassroots Organizations GSCOs Global Social Change OrganizationsNPOs Nonprofit OrganizationsVOs Voluntary Organizations
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NGOsBy definition, it is an organization
that is not directly related to government. The World Health Organization first made the term NGO popular back in 1945. There are more than 50,000 international INGO’s. Other types of NGO’s are International business (BINGO) and environmental ENGO. In the United States there are over 2 million NGO’s and estimated 400,000 in Russia and 1-2 million in India. There is a marked increase in the numbers of NGO organizations worldwide.
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NGOs / Voluntary ServiceThough the term NGO became popular in
India only in the 1980s, the voluntary sector has an older tradition. Since independence from the British in 1947, the voluntary sector had a lot of respect in the minds of people - first, because the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi was an active participant; and second because India has always had the tradition of honouring those who have made some sacrifice to help others.
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Voluntary Organizations - GandhijiIn independent India, the initial role played by the
voluntary organizations started by Gandhi and his disciples was to fill in the gaps left by the government in the development process. The volunteers organized handloom weavers in villages to form cooperatives through which they could market their products directly in the cities, and thus get a better price. Similar cooperatives were later set up in areas like marketing of dairy products and fish. In almost all these cases, the volunteers helped in other areas of development - running literacy classes for adults at night, for example.
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Traditional
Traditional development NGOs, who went into a village or a group of villages and ran literacy programmes, crËches for children and clinics, encouraged farmers to experiment with new crops and livestock breeds that would bring more money, helped the weavers and other village artisans market their products and so on
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Research / Advocacy / Legal
The second group of NGOs were those who researched a particular subject in depth, and then lobbied with the government or with industry or petitioned the courts for improvements in the lives of the citizens, as far as that particular subject was concerned. Eg: CSE
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Activists
In the third group were those volunteers who saw themselves more as activists than other NGOs did. They petitioned the bureaucrats, they alerted the media whenever they found something wrong and so on. Eg: NBA
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NGOs, civil society, or major groups?“Major Groups” is a
term that was introduced in Agenda 21, agreed by governments at the Rio Earth Summit. It describes nine sectors of society identified as having a significant role in sustainable development:
◦ women ◦ children and youth◦ indigenous people◦ NGOs◦ Local authorities◦ Workers and trade
unions◦ business and
industry◦ the scientific and
technical community
◦ farmers
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Stakeholders: Yet another term!Stakeholders:Those who have an interest in a particular decision, either as individuals or representatives of a group. This includes people who influence a decision, or can influence it, as well as those affected by it.
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Less pressure from change in politics
Small scale projects◦More community involvement◦Can be individually tailored to meet
specific community needs◦Higher “success” rate◦Less bureaucratic
A more “human” face
Advantages of NGOs
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Disadvantages of NGOs Constant funding difficulties Possible lack of legitimacy Difficult to regulate
◦ Can lack transparency and accountability
Can be ineffective due to lack of coordination
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Types of NGOsWater Resource
Related NGOs
Environmental/
EcologicalFocus
Water Supply And
SanitationFocus
Policy and Government Lobbying
Implementation of Community Projects
Network of other NGOs
ProfessionalMembershipOrganization
Research andData Collection
Education
Transboundary
Water IssuesMany Others
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Development OrganizationInter-relationship
NGOs
Government Agency
Institutions / Financial
Institutions
Specific
Project / Issue
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Role of Civil Society Organizations
Advocacy
Education
Monitoring
Service delivery
at national and local levels
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NGOs in Intergovernmental Processes4 important functions:Setting agendasNegotiating outcomesConferring legitimacyImplementing solutions
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NGOs in India
The PRIA survey reveals that 26.5% of NGOs are engaged in religious activities, while 21.3% work in the area of community and/or social service. About one in five NGOs works in education, while 17.9% are active in the fields of sports and culture. Only 6.6% work in the health sector.6
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SPIRIT – KNOW - ACT
SPIRIT
KNOWACT
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Don’t forget to
sweep the
corners
GOVERNMENT / PUBLIC
CONTRACTORS / PRIVATE
CSOs
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ExamplesDisasters – Earthquakes, Floods,
Drought, Climate Change – Mitigation and
AdaptationAgricultureWaterEnergyLivestockEnvironment / Climate Change
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Media and Social NetworksInternetSocial NetworksMultimediaNetworks / groups
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Some initiatives in climate change e.g.,GEO
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“Look to the Future. Accept the Challenges. Society fails if the citizen is not engaged.
“Setting an agenda for change is not a burden. It’s a responsibility. And an opportunity to change for good”
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Thank You…
Ref: http://www..............