Role of Geomatics in Sustainable development of Geomatics in Sustainable Development Prof. G....

Role of Geomaticsin

Sustainable Development

Prof. G. Sandhya KiranProfessor & Head

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, FACULTY OF

SCIENCE

The M. S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA

VADODARA- 390 002 ,Gujarat,

(INDIA).

[email protected]

XIIIth Triennial Conference of IWSA on

"Sustainable Development in India: Role of Science and Technology.” 2-4 December, 2016

Vashi,Navi Mumbai,Maharashtra

mailto:[email protected]

Sustainable development and management of what ? Natural resources

Sustainability –Good management and preservationSlower exploitation

Over a considerable period of time, the mankind has not beenable to manage natural resources effectively due to thepopulation growth, reduced access to a number ofresources and over-use of the rest of natural resources.

India rich in resources that include not only land andnature but also the people.

Degradation of Normally Renewable Natural Resources and Services

India is experiencing a strong developmental phaseand, coupled with global concerns, is at acrossroads where both sustainable developmentand unsustainable transgression are possible as aresult of this turbulent evolutionary process.

India needs to be guided by policies whichmaximise the efficiency of their extensive naturalresources to the benefit of the population,without negatively impacting on the biologicalenvironment or long-term resource supply.

.

Introduction

Technology does not exist as a solution in itself tosolve environmental, social and economic problems,but rather it is a medium through which to effecttransparent reporting on the status and change inissues relating to the principles of SustainableDevelopment.

From the perspective of our country, the provisionof bottom line planning data is key to

Sustainable Development..

Introduction

What is Sustainable Development?

One of the most popular

definitions, from the

Brundtland Report Our

Common Future, states that

“Sustainable development is

development that meets the

needs of the present without

compromising the ability of

future generations to meet

their own needs.”

Sustainable development:

Economic growth and Human expansion

along with preservation of the

natural environment, and

planet Earth as a whole.

“Geomatics is the science of

acquisition, management, modeling,

analysis and representation of

spatial data and processes under

specific consideration of the

problems related to spatial planning,

for Natural Resource Management

Fusing the two concepts will give a better understanding on

Role Geomatics plays in sustainable development

Geomatics and Sustainable Development

GeomaticsGeo- for earth: Matics – for information

• It refers to all the means

used for the measurement

analysis, and

visualization of features

or phenomena on Earth.

• Compared with

traditional this approach

is accurate, timely and

cost-effective and include

different tools like:

• (RS) Remote Sensing

• (GIS) Geographical

Information Systems

• (GPS)Global Positioning

Systems etc

• By Integration of complete information related to any resource and generatinglogical decision for the same i.e. action plan or policy

• This is precisely done by GEOMATICS

HOW ?

How sustainable development can be achieved using Geospatial approach?

• RS often results in more timely information ondifferent resources:

• Early detection and management ofproblems related to any resource

• Enables assessment of large areas with highdetail without disturbing the component.

• Cost effective efficient and more spatiallydetailed information than field sampling.

Non-Conventional studies by Geomatics

The first tool Remote Sensing (RS)

Principle and Application:

Remote sensors collect data by detecting the energy that isreflected from Earth.

These sensors can be on satellites on aircraft or hand held.

Remote Sensing and its principle

Principle of Remote Sensing (RS)

How Satellite Scans Earth….?

Energy from source

Passes through atmosphere

Reaches ground surface and interacts with the target object on ground

Depending on the type of object incident energy iseither absorbed , reflected or transmitted back in the atmosphere

What ever energy is received back from targeted object is recorded by Sensor This recorded image is then processed and image can be obtained

-A

(B)

Different Processes involved in Remote Sensing

Open Forest

Degraded Forest

Sparse Tree Cover

with Agriculture

Closed Forest

Image showing mixed pixels of forest classes

Band_2_3 B and_1_3 Band_1_2

Band_2_3 B and_1_3 B and_1_2

---Closed forest ---Agriculture ---Degraded Forest

---Open forest ---Sparse Tree Cover with Agriculture

Plate showing spectral overlap of different forest classes

•EVERY 22 DAYS IMAGING

•1:50K SCALES

•DETAILED RESOURCES SURVEY

•EVERY 5 DAYS IMAGING

•1:12500 SCALES

•LARGE SCALE MAPPING

•STEREO CAPABILITY

•LOCAL AREA IMAGING

•1:2000/4000/1:8000 SCALES

•STEREO CAPABILITY

…TOWARDS

INDIAN IMAGING CAPABILITY

DIFFERENT TYPES SPATIAL DATA OPTICAL,HYPERSPECTRAL AND MICROWAVE

OPTICAL HYPERSPECTRAL MICROWAVE

• Day Coverage as requires sun energy

• Broad band s

• Day/night coverage.• Complementary information to

that in optical and IR regions.

• Day Coverage as requires sun energy

• Narrow band s

It works on the principle of geocoding -

The process of converting implicit

geographic data into explicit or map-

form images

GIS

Geographical Information System (GIS)

• A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving

at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from

the real world (Burrough, 1986).

facilities

transport

topography

geology

wells

Geographical Information System (GIS)

Spatial Data Descriptive Data

Integration of Spatial and Descriptive Data

GISis theG IS

Name Address Town State

Prof. K M Kulkarni Dept. of Geography AhmedabadGujarat

Prof. Dholakia L D Engg. College AhmedabadGujarat

Prof. R Subaiyah Agriculture College Junagadh Gujarat

Prof. De M.S.University Vadodara GujaratGujarat

What is GIS?

accurate and timely information that

would be the basis for better

decisions or informed decisions.

The equation for this is the

integration and processing of data to

get information, which is the end-

product of a GIS.

Sustainable development also

requires this end-product of GIS as a

by-product to support decision-

making processes.

The good news today is most

institutions in India are beginning to

understand these concepts and

appreciate the powerful role

information plays in our decision

making.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentAttaining Sustainable Development through

GIS

It is used to collect ground data

Is also a powerful navigation tool that can guide us anywhere in the world.

There are many types of GPS, which differ in their accuracy, memory capacity

and price.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGlobal Position System (GPS)

A Few Case Studies

1. Potential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

2. Geomatics in identifying Ecosensitive Forest Areas

3. Geomatics in assessment of Joint Forest

Management Areas

4. Geomatics in Eco-City Plan generation

You are walking through a lush forest. A soft cushion of needles keeps your foot steps silent. You smell the trees. You hear

chipmunks in the branches. Birds dart back and forth. This is a beautiful place. But the trees may soon be cut down for lumber and paper. Can we keep our forests and still have the products we need?

Forests occur naturally, but they canbe affected positively and negativelyby human behavior. If a forest iscarefully replanted and allowed togrow, it can exist in balance. If theforest is cut down faster than it cangrow back, then it will be used upquickly.

Potential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable development

A tree that lives for 50 years generates:

Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen

Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion control

Creates Rs. 10.5 lakhs worth of air pollution control

Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of shelter for birds and animals

Recycles Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of fertility

Besides provide flower, fruits and timber

When a tree is fell it is something worth more than Rs. 33. 9 lakhs

Value of a Tree

1. Potential of Geomatics managing Forest ResourcesPotential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

30%

70% Other surface covering as

forests (inter alia,

deserts, mountains)

ForestsWorld terrestrial

territories

Forest is the biggest ecosystem of the Earth’s terrestrial part. The total

forested area is 4.14 billion hectares, with forests of sufficient density

occupying about 3 billion hectares.

FOREST RESOURCESWorld forests occupy about 30% of the land

territory of all continents, with the exception of

Antarctica.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable development1. Potential of Geomatics managing Forest ResourcesPotential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

FOREST

Dense Open

Forest categories as observed on IRS

LISS III satellite data

Degraded


1. Role in Forestry Forest characteristics : Type, Phenology,

Crown density Productivity, Biomass, Changes

Habitat fragmentation Heterogenity levels Carbon sequestration Distribution and abundance of species Working Plan prescription

Application at Macro scale


Geomatics: Forest Conservation

Identification Of Priority Sites for

conservation

Distribution Map of Tectona grandis L.

through GIS

Species Diversity: Shannon Index

Forest surveyGPS

Remote sensing Image


Satellite image of

deforestation

Comparison of an aerial photograph (bottom) with a radar

image (top) of deforestation along a road


Different classes of Forest : Pavijetpur Taluka

Potential of Geomatics managing Forest ResourcesPotential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

Potential of Geomatics managing Forest ResourcesPotential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

Prescription of Sajwa Round Forest Working Circle

Potential of Geomatics managing Forest Resources

Aerial recording for species identification

Dark green: conifers

Green: lower branches

Light purple: gravel

Yellow: deciduous

Orange: dry ground cover

Red: wet ground cover

Blue (light): water

Blue (dark): deep or clear water

Land cover classification


Legend

Road

River

Forest

TYPE

Reserve Forest

Reserve Forest dense

Reserve Forest teak

Other Jungle

Others

Plantations

Eveness Diversity

0.000276196 - 0.220665605

0.220665605 0.441055013

0.441055013 - 0.661444422

0.661444422 - 0.88183383

0.88183383 - 0.992028534

·

0 3 6 9 121.5Kilometers

DIVERSTY MAP OF DEDIAPADA TALUKA GENERATED USING GIS

DIVERSTY MAP OF DEDIAPADA TALUKA GENERATED USING GIS


study site Pavagadh

Potentials of Geomatics have been utilized for identifying the

Ecological Sensitive areas (ESA) of Pavagadh hill for Halol taluka.

Remote Sensing assisted in mapping various resources like, land

use change analysis, mapping of various like vegetation , water,

soil etc.

GIS facilitated in the integration of information of both spatial

and attribute data. This helped in generation sustainable

development plan was prepared considering all the parameters .

The sustainable plan included the various categories of sensitive

areas which were prioritized for conservation.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentRole of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in identifying Ecosensitive Forest

Areas

Land use land change

Species Diversity studies Prioritization of conservation sites

Environmental accounting of forest area

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentRole of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in identifying Ecosensitive Forest Areas

Sensitivity status of 13 sites selected under each

suitability categories is clearly Indicates that out of 65

selected sites, the majority sites were showing Less

sensitive areas, whereas highly sensitive areas have

been represented by only 19 sites.

Total 21 sites were falling under the moderately

sensitive areas. The reason for their identification was

the severe degradation and fragmentation of

environmentally, economically, and aesthetically

important landscape.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentRole of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in identifying Ecosensitive Forest Areas

Forest Type Maps of JFM Village- Gadkoi

Geomatics in assessment of Joint Forest Management Areas

Forest Density Classification of JFM village - Gadkoi

Categories 2001 2005 Change

STA* 2 16 +14

Closed 0.3 1.33 +1.03

Open Forest 0.15 5.6 +5.45

Degraded 1 2 +1

Barren 26.55 5.07 - 21.48

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in assessment of Joint Forest

Management Areas

Microplan Panchala

Microplan

The specific objectives of the Eco-city project were:

To identify the environmental problems/hotspots in the selected towns .

To identify priority environmental improvement projects through

participatory approach;

Designing and detailing the prioritized environmental improvement

projects

To create landmarks that shows visible environmental improvement.

To improve environment by increasing green belts, urban green spaces in

the city.

To protect environmental resources (water bodies, forest etc.)

To plan development activities compatible to environment.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in Eco-City Plan generation

Urban Street without Green space In Vadodara-

India

Urban Street with Green Space In

Biosphere Eco-city

Geomatics in Eco-City Plan generation

The world is increasingly urbanising. The number of urban residents is expected to grow

continuously, especially in some of the developing Asian countries like India.

The idea of ecological cities or Eco-cities arose in the 1980s from new urbanism and was initially

discussed mainly by German Scholars.

Eco-city In India: In the year 2002, the Eco-city Project was initiated by the Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB) with the grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF),

Application of Geomatics for generation of Eco-city plan of the Vadodara city is a novel approach.

The utility of advanced tools of Remote sensing and GIS assisted in making the plan and aided

updating, retrieval and urban related resources like vegetation, water soil etc.


Eco-city planning of Vadodara city

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in Eco-City Plan generation

Vadodara as an Eco-city

Eco-city plan was generated based on this

land suitability map which helped in

sustainable utilization of resources .

To make the best use of resources there is a

call for preparing a sound strategic plan.

This plan aimed to attain a balance

between the development of the urban

areas and protection of the environment by

decreasing the depletion of non-renewable

resources.

Role of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentRole of Geomatics in Sustainable developmentGeomatics in Eco-City Plan generation

TREE COUNT AND VEHICULAR MAP OF VADODARA

TREE COUNT

CARBON EMISSION BY VEHICLES

CARBON SEQUESTERATION ROAD SIDE TREES


MAP SHOWING ECOSENSITIVE ZONES OF VADODARA CITY

GENERATED USING GEOSPATIAL APPROACH


Various findings related to studies are as followed:

For the generation of Eco-city plan various

thematic maps based on various themes were

prepared for analyzing the present status of

various resources.

Thematic maps showing the location of various

Gardens and Greenbelts of the city helped in

analyzing their distribution in the city.


Various findings related to studies are as followed:

Slope map and contour map generated for the

city helped in land suitability analysis of the

city.

Study also examined the type of the urban

sprawl by estimating the entropy of the

Vadodara city.


• The sustainable development of naturalresources involves maintaining a fragilebalance between exploitation andregeneration of the resources within thecarrying capacity of the ecosystem throughmonitoring and identification of problemareas.

• It occurs only when management goals andactions are ecologically viable, economicallyfeasible and socially desirable.

Conclusion

Post Doctoral Guide

Prof. Paul Mausel

Dr. ( Mrs.) Kamalavalli A. Bhagwat

The M.S.University of Baroda

Indiana State University

U.S.AU.S.A

Doctoral Guide

Research Team

Eco-physiology and RS-GIS Laboratory

at Department of Botany,

Funded by MoEF

Thanks……

S1 S2 S3 N2 N1

64

6

2 1

5 8

7

0 1

2 1 0

11 11

No. of sites under each category of sensitivity

High Sensitive Moderately sensitive Less sensitive

Geomatics for Ecologically sustainable development

• It was therefore essential that areas

should be identified which were

specifically in the forest area along with

the other land use categories where

restoration attempts can be made. Serious

efforts in this direction will definitely aid

to reach that land to any one stage of

ecological integrity.

Sr.

No.

Suitability

category

Suitability

category

Area

(sq km.)

% of

area

1 Not

Suitable

(N)

(N2) Least 80.86 52.0

(N1) Less 96.5338 19.1

2 Suitable

(S)

Marginally

Suitable (S3)

31.3027 6.2

Moderately

(S2)

99.4499 19.7

Highly

Suitable (S1)

15.2944 3.0

Total 50525

Areas under different suitability categories

Geomatics in identifying Ecosensitive Forest Areas

Sr.No. Category Area (sq km)

1 Sustainable 5.638

2 Moderately

sustainable

5.65

3 Less

Sustainable

1.594

Total 12.882

• Total geographical area of the

village Champaner is approx. 22.44

sq km with the population of 3249.

• Per capita forest area of Champaner

is 0.609 with the basal area of about

32.021 m2/ha.

• Along with 5 main, many small and

perennial waterbodies sufficed the

need of water for the population

therein.

• Soil is moderately fertile with 0.06%

- 0.468% of organic carbon.

• This village has been devoid of any

JFM committee.

• Total 4 areas of ESA were falling

under this village, out of which three

belonged to highly sensitive areas

and only one site represented

moderately sensitive area.

• The distribution of land area under each

category of sustainability is shown in

the Table which classified approx 5.6 sq

km area as Sustainable and Moderately

sustainable Zones; whereas only 1.6

sq.km area identified as less

Sustainable Zones.



Renewable energy is fast becoming

an important component of total

energy mix in India.

Since renewable energy’s expansion

is happening at a rapid pace, it was

felt that the sustainable governance

and management aspects of its

expansion is critical in its growth and

needs to be studied.


Today, with the non-renewable sources

of energy depleting in the world, along

with their harmful effects to the

environment, green energy has gained

relevance for sustainable development.

Gujarat is a leading State in tapping

solar energy, having received national

as well as international accolades for

tapping renewable energy resources in

the State.


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