The Role of Fish in Enhancing Climate Resilience of Food Production in the Lower Mekong Region S.J. Teoh, S.P. Kam, Y. Kura and T. Nhuong Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy 23 October 2015, Phnom Penh

Fish in enhancing climate resilience of food production

Improving  produc.vity  

Building  resilience  (through  adapta.on)  

Reducing  greenhouse  

gases  

Climate-­‐Smart  Agriculture  (CSA)  

Managing climate risks to achieve national food security and

development goals

Countries below the dashed line are part of the Low-Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDC) 2014 list. Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao’s People’s Democratic Republic and Vanuatu were in the 2010 LIFDC list.

Ekxang

Banh Pailom

Rohal Suong

My Loi

Ma

Tra Hat

CCAFS Climate Smart Village (CSV)

Cambodia:  þ Rohal  Suong  (seasonally  flooded  rainfed  area)    Laos:  þ Ekxang  village  (drought  prone  rainfed  with  shallow  water  table)  þ Banh  Pailom  village  (drought  prone  rainfed  area  with  deep  water  table)  

Vietnam:  q Ma  village  (cool  lowland  with  surrounding  upland  areas)  q My  Loi  village  (upland  agroforestry  area  with  diversified  lowland  crops)  þ Tra  Hat  hamlet  (intensive  rice  area,  saline  affected)  

þ  WorldFish  involved  

Cambodia CSV – Rohal Suong (Planned Activities) •  Establish capacity for participatory action research and

community planning

•  Test CSA interventions to improve irrigation water management (sustainable extraction, efficiency, water saving methods, governance, fair distribution), dry season crops, and fisheries productivity

•  Synergies with USAID-funded projects on rice-field fisheries enhancement through dry season fish refuge, and flood/drought resistant rice varieties

Cambodia CSV – Rohal Suong (Progress)

•  Situation analysis at village and provincial levels

•  Program launch workshops held at village and province-levels

•  Needs assessment conducted for capacity-building on Climate Smart Agriculture, including pest and disease management

•  Draft map of land use planning in Rohal Suong village and Preak Norin commune

Overall vulnerability of aquaculture in Vietnam to climate change impacts

Overall vulnerability

Low

High

Hoanh Phong in Thanh Hoa province:

1. Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting CSA in northern coastal area of Vietnam (aka ECO-SAMP)

Mekong River Delta:

2. Mitigation Priorities & Opportunities (aka SAMPLES)

3. Spatial perspective of aquaculture futures in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam (aka Aquaculture Futures)

Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting CSA in northern coastal area of Vietnam (aka ECO-SAMP)

•  Pilot in Thanh Hoa province (ongoing) •  To enhance community resilience to climate variability

and change in the northern region of Vietnam, specifically: o  To test and disseminate smart aquaculture practices

(CSA) o  To test and scale out community based management

and adaptation institutions o  To build capacity for communities to adapt to climate

change

ECO-SAMP – Approach

Climate change Aquaculture impacts, resilience & adaptations

trail

U p - s c a l i n g

Enhanced adaptive capacity, resilience & gender equity

Regional IDOs

Res

earc

h &

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Adv

isin

g &

sup

porti

ng

Mitigation Priorities & Opportunities (aka SAMPLES)

•  ILRI-led (ongoing)

•  Identify and implement support of mitigation priorities and opportunities in rice-dominated landscapes

•  Conduct literature review for fish component:

o  Areas, typologies and management (feeding, water and waste management, yields) of aquaculture in Vietnam

o  Nutrient concentrations and water in/and outflow o  Estimates of global warming potential (GWP) of

aquaculture production systems

SAMPLES – Aquaculture life cycle analysis

Schematic overview of the striped catfish system and system boundaries for the LCA. Continuous lines, material flows; dotted lines, energy flows; striped line, system boundary (cradle to gate).

Source:  Kluts  et  al.  (2012)  

Spatial perspective of aquaculture futures in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam (aka Aquaculture Futures)

•  CCAFS-SEA funded (ongoing)

•  To determine plausible future patterns of aquaculture production systems in response to change induced by climate and other drivers, in support of policy and planning for adaptation to enhance resilience

•  Explores spatial patterns of what aquaculture would look like in the foreseeable future

•  Outputs will support spatial planning of future aquaculture production systems and policy formulation for response to climate and other change impacts

Aquaculture Futures – Approach

Storylines  (Scenarios)  

Drivers  (factors)  §  Land  and  water  resources  use    §  Climate  change  and  sea  level  rise  !  

hydrological  changes  §  Economic  outlook  §  Advances  in  technology  

Business  As  Usual   Change  Scenarios  

e.g.  Management  Plan  

Land  alloca.on/  conversion  matrix  

e.g.  Restricted  areas,  future  built-­‐up  areas  

Aquaculture  Futures  map  

Constraints  Researchers

Aquaculture experts, advisors

Overrides  

Decision makers

Fish…in CSA…

Fish  in  CCAFS  climate-­‐smart  village  

Climate-­‐smart  aquaculture  intervenKons    

What  would  the  future  paOern  of  aquaculture  look  like  in  the  MRD?  

Improving  produc.vity  

Building  resilience  (through  adapta.on)  

Reducing  greenhouse  

gases  

Climate-­‐Smart  Agriculture  (CSA)  

Managing climate risks to achieve national food security and

development goals

Thank You

Shwu Jiau Teoh s.teoh@cgiar.org