Role of diet in lifestyle disorders
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Transcript of Role of diet in lifestyle disorders
Role of diet in lifestyle disorders(a disease caused by how you live your life)
Ishita KanugaClinical Nutritionist
What is health?• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
WHO Guidelines
Importance of healthy eating
• Physical Growth• Body Image • Brain Development• Daily Activities• Prevention of Diseases• Sense of well being
What is nutrition?
• The process by which living organisms obtain food and use it for growth, metabolism, and repair
• IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS:Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Vitamins & Minerals, Fiber, and water
What is balanced nutrition?
• A diet which matches the nutrient & energy requirements regardless of its age & lifestyle
Abundance of nutrients (fats & sugar) Youngest customer in the business
Lack of Physical Exercise Emotional Distrubances
Today’s lifestyle
Life style disorders• Obesity• Diabetes• Gastrointestinal Problems• Heart Diseases• Hypertension• Some types of cancer• Depression
– The specialty of the above diseases are it takes years to develop & if occurred once, is not easy to cure.
– According to WHO, world deaths from lifestyle diseases will double by 2015
Teenage & diet / obesity
• Pizza ~ Burger ~ Sandwich• Aerated drinks / Preserved Juices• Coffee / Cocktails / Mocktails• French Fries• Vada-pav
Nutrition guidelines for type 2 diabetes
• Lose weight if you are overweight• Exercise to promote or maintain weight loss• Monitor carbohydrate intake to maintain blood sugar
control• Increase complex carbohydrates in diet - whole fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat or skim milk
Hypertension & type 2 diabetes
• The current obesity epidemic contributes to hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
• Losing as little as 2 kgs can contribute to reducing hypertension and improving glucose sensitivity.
Nutritional guidelines for hypertension• Maintain normal body weight for adults
– BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2• Reduce sodium intake to no more than 100 mmol/day (1 tsp = 6 gms)• Regular physical activity – at least 30 minutes most days of the week• Limit alcohol consumption• Maintain adequate potassium intake – fruits, coconut water, lemon etc• Reduce saturated fat and total fat in diet• Restrict intake of papad, pickle, bakery products, chinese food, chips,
ready to eat packets, salted peanuts, soda etc
Cardio-vascular diseases Modifiable Factors Non-Modifiable Factors
1. Obesity 1. Heredity2. Lipids 2. Age3. Diabetes 3. Sex4. Homocystiene5. Uric Acid6. Alcohol7. Life Style8. Stress9. Tobacco
Trans fatty acids
• Trans fat is an unsaturated fatty acids produced by Hydrogenation which converts vegetable oils to semi-solid fats
• Trans fats are dangerous for heart and pose certain types of cancer
Trans fatty acids
• Avoid vanaspati ghee, all bakery products & restaurant punjabi cuisine– Limit use of packaged crackers and cookies– Limit use of commercial bakery products like cakes, cookies, etc– Read food labels for trans fats
Claim on food label
• PER SERVING• CALORIE FREE – LESS THAN 5 KCAL• SUGAR FREE – LESS THAN 0.5 GMS. • FAT FREE – LESS THAN 0.5 GMS.• CHOLESTEROL FREE – LESS THAN 2 MG OF CHOLESTEROL• SODIUM FREE – LESS THAN 5 MG OF PURE SODIUM• HIGH FIBER – 5 GMS OR MORE
Planning a meal• Proportions and timings are important
– Portions at each meal should be balanced and proportionate– Eat at regular intervals
08:00 AM 10:30 AM
01:00 PM 04:00 PM 08:00 PM 09:30
PM
Disclaimer: Size of circle indicates size of meal
Lifestyle modification• Chew food well• Minimal processing & processed foods. Prefer boiling,
roasting, baking, grilling methods• Enjoy simple meals• Avoid Cold drinks, soda, bakery items, punjabi cuisine etc• Keep yourself hydrated• Regular Exercise• Avoid heavy meals at night• Do not skip break fast, take early dinner
How to tame food cravings
• Variety & portion control• Do not skip breakfast• Keep your self hydrated• Eat plenty of fiber foods like whole fruits, vegetables etc
in between meals• Reduce stress• Avoid fasting and feasting• Sugar, caffeine and alcohol are appetite stimulants
Soft drinks (330 ml) – 150 kcal vs
milk (2% fat – 100ml)– 50 kcal
French fries (100 gms) – 319 kcal vs
mix boiled kathol (100 gms) – 100 kcal
Dairy milk (42 gm) – 115 kcal