Rocks and Weathering

Benchmarks:

0SC.6.N.3.4- Identify the role of models in the context of the benchmarks.

0SC.6.E.6.1- Describe and give examples of ways in which Earth’s surface is built up and torn down by weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Vocabulary

0Weathering0Erosion0Sediment0Deposition0Physical weathering0Chemical weathering 0Abrasion0Frost wedging0Oxidation0Permeable

Processes that Wear down and Build up Earth’s Surface0Natural processes break down rocks and carry pieces

away.

0Weathering- the process that breaks down rock and other substances.

0Once rock is broken down, the smaller pieces can be carried away by wind, water, ice, or gravity.

Erosion0Erosion- the process by which bits of broken rock

are carried away.

0Erosion moves sediment- small pieces of rock , soil, remains of plant or remains of animals.

0Deposition- occurs where the sediment is laid down, or deposited. Final place where sediment is moved.

Weathering and Erosion Cycle

Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition

0WEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth’s surface.

0Weathering- breaks down the Earth and Erosion and Deposition build up the Earth’s surface.

The cycle is never –ending.

Two types of Weathering:Physical and Chemical

0Physical Weathering- rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

1. Animal Actions2. Freezing and

Thawing3. Plant Growth4. Release Pressure5. Abrasion

0Chemical Weathering- process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

1- Water2- oxygen3- carbon dioxide4-living organisms5- acid rain

5 agents of Physical Weathering

Agents (Causes)of Physical Weathering

1. Animal Actions

2. Freezing and Thawing

3. Plant Growth4. Release

Pressure5. Abrasion

5 Agents of Chemical Weathering

How fast does weathering occur?

2 factors determine how fast weathering occurs…

01. Type of Rock- if rocks are made of materials that dissolve easily will weather faster. If rocks are permeable, full of tiny holes where water can seep into it, they will also weather faster.

02. Climate- Physical and chemical weathering occur faster in wet and hot climates.

Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Review

Mass Movement

What is Gravity?0Gravity is the force that pulls everything toward the

center of the Earth.

0 It pulls rock down slopes, it can cause sections of rock to fall off cliffs, it can also cause movement of large amounts of sediment.

Mass Movement0 Is any one of several processes that move large amounts of

sediment downhill.

0There are 4 types of mass movements:

1- Landslides2-Mudflows3- Slumps4- Creep

Landslides

0Landslides occur when rockand soil slide quickly down a steep slope. They contain asmall amount of rock or soil.

Mudflows

Mudflows- is the rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil. They often occur after heavy rains in normally dry areas.

Slumps

Slumps are masses of rock and soil that suddenly slips down a slope. The mass moves down in one whole piece. They occur in soil high in clay.

Creep

0Creep- a very slow downhill movement of rock and soil. It can occur on gently slopes as well. Creep are usually caused by freezing and thawing.

Match the diagram with the mass movement

1- Landslides2-Mudflows3- Slumps4- Creep

Mass Movement Review