Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Mrs. Weisenbach's Biology...
Transcript of Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Mrs. Weisenbach's Biology...
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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
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Three Types of Rocks
• Rocks are classified by how they form – Igneous – Sedimentary – Metamorphic
– Rocks can change from one type to another over time
Schist
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Rock Classification
• Rocks are classified by: – How they form – Texture – Grain size – Mineral
composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock
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Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock:
forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens
• Classified by: – Where they form – Crystal (grain) size
Basalt
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Intrusive Igneous Rock • Intrusive igneous:
cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface
granite
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Extrusive Igneous Rock • Extrusive igneous:
cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface
Pumice
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Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments
• This process is called lithification
• Sediments are:
– Rock pieces – Mineral grains – Shell fragments
Limestone
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How do sediments form? • Sediments form
through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface
weathering
erosion
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Metamorphic Rock
• Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock
• Changes due to great heat and/or pressure Gneiss
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How does rock change? • Rocks are heated,
squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids
marble
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The Rock Cycle
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The Earth Recycles Rock • The rock cycle is an
ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface
• Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
• Any type of rock can
change into another type
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a. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
b. Heat and pressure
c. Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
d. Cooling and solidification e. Melting
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Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable • Your foldable should include the following:
1. Name of each rock type 2. How each rock type formed 3. A brief description of rock
type 4. At least 2 examples of each
rock type 5. Illustrate 1 example for
each rock type
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Copy Me
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Based on the processes shown in the diagram, which type of rock is formed at #1? A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Metamorphic D. Clastic
Because heat and pressure are needed to form #3, it must be what type of rock? A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Metamorphic D. Clastic