J umpstart Discovery!

Lesson 1

42 Topic 2 Earth’s Surface

Rocks and Soil

SC.1.E.5.3 Investigate how magnifiers make things appear bigger and help people see things they could not see without them. SC.1.E.6.1 Recognize that water, rocks, soil, and living organisms are found on Earth’s surface. (Also SC.1.L.14.3, SC.1.N.1.1, SC.1.N.1.2, and LAFS.K12.R.1.1)

Vocabulary

mineral

soil

Tell a partner what you know about rocks. Name two objects made from rock. Where do you find rock every day?

I can observe that rocks, soil, land, water, and living things are found on Earth’s surface.

LabuInvestigate Labu HANDS-ON LAB

43Lesson 1 Rocks and Soil

SC.1.E.5.3, SC.1.E.6.1, SC.1.N.1.2

Geologists observe rocks. How can you observe rocks?

When you use your senses, you observe.

Materials• hand lens• rocks

What are theof rocks?

Procedure 1. Look at the rocks. Think of

a way to observe them.

2. Draw and describe your observations of the rocks.

3. Use words to describe their properties.

Analyze and Interpret Data4. Compare your drawings with

others. Tell what you notice.

properties

Science Practice

Topic 2 Earth’s Surface44

Rocks Look at Earth’s surface. You can see grass, plants, and animals. You can see mountains and water. Below the ground, the surface of Earth is made of rock. Rocks are hard, solid parts of Earth. They are found in many sizes. Some are huge! Some are tiny.

Label the rocks and minerals in the pictures with the words below.

colorful dull striped brown

Connection

Lesson 1 Rocks and Soil 45

MineralsRocks are made of minerals. Minerals make up Earth’s rocks and sands. Minerals are nonliving things. They do not come from plants and animals. Minerals give rocks their colors and their hardness.

Tell where rocks can be found.

Go online to learn more about the features of Earth’s surface.

INTERACTIVITY.

46 Topic 2 Earth’s Surface

Soil

LAFS.K12.R.1.1

Soil is loose material that covers the surface of Earth. Plants grow in soil. Some animals live in soil. Soil contains living and nonliving things like bits of rocks, water, gases, leaves, and small animals.

There are many kinds of soil. Some plants live in rich, dark soil. Other plants can live in sandy soil. Still other plants can live in rocky soil or in clay soil.

Draw Conclusions Draw a conclusion. Explain why soil is an important part of Earth’s surface.

Literacy T lb x

Recognize Tell what living and nonliving things can be found on Earth’s surface.