Rocks and Minerals. What is a rock? A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals. All rocks are made of...
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Transcript of Rocks and Minerals. What is a rock? A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals. All rocks are made of...
Rocks and Minerals
What is a rock?
• A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals.
• All rocks are made of minerals.
• There are 3 types of rocks:– Sedimentary– Metamorphic– Igneous
What is a mineral?
• The same all the way through.
3 Types of Rocks
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Igneous
Sedimentary
– Made up of layers of material called sediment. (Like pages of a book)
– Result of pressure.– Usually formed at the
bottom of streams, rivers, lakes and ponds.
– Examples are sandstone and shale.
Metamorphic
• These are rocks that have changed in some way due to movement in the earth.
• Happens through heat and pressure.
• “morph” means change.
Marble-changed limestone
Igneous
• Made from fire and heat.
• Made from cooled magma or lava from volcanoes.
Rock Cycle
• Each type of rock changes over time and becomes a new rock through erosion, earth movement and extreme heat.
Erosion
• When rocks are broken apart into smaller pieces due to weathering.(water, wind, temperature)
Fossils
• The remains of ancient animals and plants.
• Has to be at least 10,000 years old.
• Most common fossils are bone, teeth, claws and footprints.
• 4 types:– Mold, cast, trace, true form
Properties and Characteristics
• Rocks and minerals can be classified based on different properties.
• Examples of these properties are:– Color– Luster- How shiny is it?– Texture- How does it feel?– Size– Weight– Hardness– Cleavage- How does it break apart?
Fluorescent Minerals
Fluorescence-
Property of producing
light.
How are rocks and minerals used?
• Rocks and minerals are used in a variety of ways.
• Examples include:– Building materials– Machines– Food– Decorations– Jewelry