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Part One: The Banking Houses of Morgan andRockefeller

The Four Horsemen of Banking (Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup and Wells Fargo) own theFour Horsemen of Oil (Exxon Mobil, RoyalDutch/Shell, BP and Chevron Texaco); in tandem withDeutsche Bank, BNP, Barclays and other Europeanold money behemoths.

But their monopoly over the global economy does notend at the edge of the oil patch.

According to company 10K filings to the SEC, the FourHorsemen of Banking are among the top ten stockholders of virtually every Fortune 500 corporation.[1]

So who then are the stockholders in these moneycenter banks?

This information is guarded much more closely. Myqueries to bank regulatory agencies regarding stockownership in the top 25 US bank holding companieswere given Freedom of Information Act status, before

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being denied on “national security” grounds. This israther ironic, since many of the bank’s stockholdersreside in Europe.

One important repository for the wealth of the globaloligarchy that owns these bank holding companies isUS Trust Corporation – founded in 1853 and nowowned by Bank of America.

A recent US Trust Corporate Director and HonoraryTrustee was Walter Rothschild. Other directorsincluded Daniel Davison of JP Morgan Chase, RichardTucker of Exxon Mobil, Daniel Roberts of Citigroupand Marshall Schwartz of Morgan Stanley. [2]

J. W. McCallister, an oil industry insider with House ofSaud connections, wrote in The Grim Reaper thatinformation he acquired from Saudi bankers cited80% ownership of the New York Federal ReserveBank- by far the most powerful Fed branch- by justeight families, four of which reside in the US.

They are the Goldman Sachs, Rockefellers, Lehmansand Kuhn Loebs of New York; the Rothschilds of Parisand London; the Warburgs of Hamburg; the Lazardsof Paris; and the Israel Moses Seifs of Rome.

CPA Thomas D. Schauf corroborates McCallister’sclaims, adding that ten banks control all twelveFederal Reserve Bank branches.

He names N.M. Rothschild of London, RothschildBank of Berlin, Warburg Bank of Hamburg, WarburgBank of Amsterdam, Lehman Brothers of New York,Lazard Brothers of Paris, Kuhn Loeb Bank of New

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York, Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Goldman Sachsof New York and JP Morgan Chase Bank of New York.Schauf lists William Rockefeller, Paul Warburg, JacobSchiff and James Stillman as individuals who ownlarge shares of the Fed. [3]

The Schiffs are insiders at Kuhn Loeb. The Stillmansare Citigroup insiders, who married into theRockefeller clan at the turn of the century.

Eustace Mullins came to the same conclusions in hisbook The Secrets of the Federal Reserve, in whichhe displays charts connecting the Fed and its memberbanks to the families of Rothschild, Warburg,Rockefeller and the others. [4]

These 13 Families Rule the World: The ShadowForces Behind the NWO

The control that these banking families exert over theglobal economy cannot be overstated and is quiteintentionally shrouded in secrecy.

Their corporate media arm is quick to discredit anyinformation exposing this private central bankingcartel as “conspiracy theory”. Yet the facts remain.

The House of Morgan

The Federal Reserve Bank was born in 1913, the sameyear US banking scion J. Pierpont Morgan died andthe Rockefeller Foundation was formed.

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Mega-banker J. P. MorganThe House of Morgan presided over American financefrom the corner of Wall Street and Broad, acting asquasi-US central bank since 1838, when GeorgePeabody founded it in London.

Peabody was a business associate of the Rothschilds.In 1952 Fed researcher Eustace Mullins put forth thesupposition that the Morgans were nothing morethan Rothschild agents. Mullins wrote that theRothschilds, “…preferred to operate anonymously inthe US behind the facade of J.P. Morgan & Company”.[5]

Author Gabriel Kolko stated:

“Morgan’s activities in 1895-1896 in selling USgold bonds in Europe were based on an alliancewith the House of Rothschild.” [6]

The Morgan financial octopus wrapped its tentacles

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quickly around the globe. Morgan Grenfell operatedin London. Morgan et Ce ruled Paris. The Rothschild’sLambert cousins set up Drexel & Company inPhiladelphia.

The House of Morgan catered to the Astors, DuPonts,Guggenheims, Vanderbilts and Rockefellers. Itfinanced the launch of AT&T, General Motors, GeneralElectric and DuPont. Like the London-basedRothschild and Barings banks, Morgan became partof the power structure in many countries.

By 1890 the House of Morgan was lending to Egypt’scentral bank, financing Russian railroads, floatingBrazilian provincial government bonds and fundingArgentine public works projects.

A recession in 1893 enhanced Morgan’s power. Thatyear Morgan saved the US government from a bankpanic, forming a syndicate to prop up governmentreserves with a shipment of $62 million worth ofRothschild gold. [7]

Morgan was the driving force behind Westernexpansion in the US, financing and controlling West-bound railroads through voting trusts. In 1879Cornelius Vanderbilt’s Morgan-financed New YorkCentral Railroad gave preferential shipping rates toJohn D. Rockefeller’s budding Standard Oil monopoly,cementing the Rockefeller/Morgan relationship.

The House of Morgan now fell under Rothschild andRockefeller family control. A New York Heraldheadline read, “Railroad Kings Form Gigantic Trust”. J.Pierpont Morgan, who once stated, “Competition is a

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sin”, now opined gleefully,

“Think of it. All competing railroad traffic west ofSt. Louis placed in the control of about thirtymen.”[8]

Morgan and Edward Harriman’s banker Kuhn Loebheld a monopoly over the railroads, while bankingdynasties Lehman, Goldman Sachs and Lazard joinedthe Rockefellers in controlling the US industrial base.[9]

In 1903 Banker’s Trust was set up by the EightFamilies. Benjamin Strong of Banker’s Trust was thefirst Governor of the New York Federal Reserve Bank.The 1913 creation of the Fed fused the power of theEight Families to the military and diplomatic might ofthe US government.

If their overseas loans went unpaid, the oligarchscould now deploy US Marines to collect the debts.Morgan, Chase and Citibank formed an internationallending syndicate.

The House of Morgan was cozy with the British Houseof Windsor and the Italian House of Savoy. The KuhnLoebs, Warburgs, Lehmans, Lazards, Israel MosesSeifs and Goldman Sachs also had close ties toEuropean royalty.

By 1895 Morgan controlled the flow of gold in and outof the US. The first American wave of mergers was inits infancy and was being promoted by the bankers.

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In 1897 there were sixty-nine industrial mergers. By1899 there were twelve-hundred. In 1904 John Moody– founder of Moody’s Investor Services – said it wasimpossible to talk of Rockefeller and Morgan interestsas separate. [10]

Public distrust of the combine spread. Manyconsidered them traitors working for European oldmoney. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil, Andrew Carnegie’sUS Steel and Edward Harriman’s railroads were allfinanced by banker Jacob Schiff at Kuhn Loeb, whoworked closely with the European Rothschilds.

Several Western states banned the bankers. Populistpreacher William Jennings Bryan was thrice theDemocratic nominee for President from 1896 -1908.The central theme of his anti-imperialist campaignwas that America was falling into a trap of “financialservitude to British capital”.

Teddy Roosevelt defeated Bryan in 1908, but wasforced by this spreading populist wildfire to enact theSherman Anti-Trust Act. He then went after theStandard Oil Trust.

In 1912 the Pujo hearings were held, addressingconcentration of power on Wall Street. That sameyear Mrs. Edward Harriman sold her substantialshares in New York’s Guaranty Trust Bank to J.P.Morgan, creating Morgan Guaranty Trust.

Judge Louis Brandeis convinced President WoodrowWilson to call for an end to interlocking boarddirectorates. In 1914 the Clayton Anti-Trust Act waspassed.

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Jack Morgan – J. Pierpont’s son and successor –responded by calling on Morgan clients Remingtonand Winchester to increase arms production. Heargued that the US needed to enter WWI. Goaded bythe Carnegie Foundation and other oligarchy fronts,Wilson accommodated.

As Charles Tansill wrote in America Goes to War,“Even before the clash of arms, the French firm ofRothschild Freres cabled to Morgan & Company inNew York suggesting the flotation of a loan of $100million, a substantial part of which was to be left inthe US to pay for French purchases of Americangoods.”

The House of Morgan financed half the US war effort,while receiving commissions for lining up contractorslike GE, Du Pont, US Steel, Kennecott and ASARCO. Allwere Morgan clients.

Morgan also financed the British Boer War in SouthAfrica and the Franco-Prussian War. The 1919 ParisPeace Conference was presided over by Morgan,which led both German and Allied reconstructionefforts. [11]

In the 1930’s populism resurfaced in America afterGoldman Sachs, Lehman Bank and others profitedfrom the Crash of 1929. [12]

House Banking Committee Chairman Louis McFadden(D-NY) said of the Great Depression:

“It was no accident. It was a carefully contrived

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occurrence…The international bankers sought tobring about a condition of despair here so theymight emerge as rulers of us all”.

Sen. Gerald Nye (D-ND) chaired a munitionsinvestigation in 1936. Nye concluded that the Houseof Morgan had plunged the US into WWI to protectloans and create a booming arms industry.

Nye later produced a document titled The Next War,which cynically referred to “the old goddess ofdemocracy trick”, through which Japan could be usedto lure the US into WWII.

In 1937 Interior Secretary Harold Ickes warned of theinfluence of “America’s 60 Families”.

Historian Ferdinand Lundberg later penned a book ofthe exact same title. Supreme Court Justice William O.Douglas decried:

“Morgan influence…the most pernicious one inindustry and finance today.”

Jack Morgan responded by nudging the US towardsWWII. Morgan had close relations with the Iwasakiand Dan families – Japan’s two wealthiest clans – whohave owned Mitsubishi and Mitsui, respectively, sincethe companies emerged from 17th Centuryshogunates.

When Japan invaded Manchuria, slaughtering Chinesepeasants at Nanking, Morgan downplayed theincident.

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Morgan also had close relations with Italian fascistBenito Mussolini, while German Nazi Dr. HjalmerSchacht was a Morgan Bank liaison during WWII. Afterthe war Morgan representatives met with Schacht atthe Bank of International Settlements (BIS) in Basel,Switzerland. [13]

The House of Rockefeller

The five Rockefeller brothers BIS is the most powerful bank in the world, a globalcentral bank for the Eight Families who control theprivate central banks of almost all Western anddeveloping nations. The first President of BIS wasRockefeller banker Gates McGarrah- an official atChase Manhattan and the Federal Reserve.

McGarrah was the grandfather of former CIA directorRichard Helms. The Rockefellers- like the Morgans-had close ties to London. David Icke writes in Childrenof the Matrix, that the Rockefellers and Morgans werejust “gofers” for the European Rothschilds. [14]

BIS is owned by the Federal Reserve, Bank ofEngland, Bank of Italy, Bank of Canada, Swiss

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National Bank, Nederlandsche Bank, Bundesbank andBank of France.

Historian Carroll Quigley wrote in his epicbook Tragedy and Hope that BIS was part of a plan:

“to create a world system of financial control inprivate hands able to dominate the politicalsystem of each country and the economy of theworld as a whole…to be controlled in a feudalisticfashion by the central banks of the world acting inconcert by secret agreements.”

The US government had a historical distrust of BIS,lobbying unsuccessfully for its demise at the 1944post-WWII Bretton Woods Conference.

Instead the Eight Families’ power was exacerbated,with the Bretton Woods creation of the IMF and theWorld Bank. The US Federal Reserve only took sharesin BIS in September 1994. [15]

BIS holds at least 10% of monetary reserves for atleast 80 of the world’s central banks, the IMF andother multilateral institutions. It serves as financialagent for international agreements, collectsinformation on the global economy and serves aslender of last resort to prevent global financialcollapse.

BIS promotes an agenda of monopoly capitalistfascism. It gave a bridge loan to Hungary in the 1990’sto ensure privatization of that country’s economy.

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It served as conduit for Eight Families funding of AdolfHitler- led by the Warburg’s J. Henry Schroeder andMendelsohn Bank of Amsterdam. Many researchersassert that BIS is at the nadir of global drug moneylaundering. [16]

It is no coincidence that BIS is headquartered inSwitzerland, favorite hiding place for the wealth of theglobal aristocracy and headquarters for the P-2 ItalianFreemason’s Alpina Lodge and Nazi International.

Other institutions which the Eight Families controlinclude the World Economic Forum, the InternationalMonetary Conference and the World TradeOrganization.

Bretton Woods was a boon to the Eight Families. TheIMF and World Bank were central to this “new worldorder”. In 1944 the first World Bank bonds were

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floated by Morgan Stanley and First Boston. TheFrench Lazard family became more involved in Houseof Morgan interests.

Lazard Freres- France’s biggest investment bank- isowned by the Lazard and David-Weill families- oldGenoese banking scions represented by MichelleDavive. A recent Chairman and CEO of Citigroup wasSanford Weill.

In 1968 Morgan Guaranty launched Euro-Clear, aBrussels-based bank clearing system for Eurodollarsecurities. It was the first such automated endeavor.Some took to calling Euro-Clear “The Beast”.

Brussels serves as headquarters for the newEuropean Central Bank and for NATO. In 1973Morgan officials met secretly in Bermuda to illegallyresurrect the old House of Morgan, twenty yearsbefore Glass Steagal Act was repealed.

Morgan and the Rockefellers provided the financialbacking for Merrill Lynch, boosting it into the Big 5 ofUS investment banking. Merrill is now part of Bank ofAmerica.

John D. Rockefeller used his oil wealth to acquireEquitable Trust, which had gobbled up several largebanks and corporations by the 1920’s. The GreatDepression helped consolidate Rockefeller’s power.

His Chase Bank merged with Kuhn Loeb’s ManhattanBank to form Chase Manhattan, cementing a long-time family relationship. The Kuhn-Loeb’s hadfinanced – along with Rothschilds – Rockefeller’s

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quest to become king of the oil patch.

National City Bank of Cleveland provided John D. withthe money needed to embark upon hismonopolization of the US oil industry.

The bank was identified in Congressional hearings asbeing one of three Rothschild-owned banks in the USduring the 1870’s, when Rockefeller first incorporatedas Standard Oil of Ohio. [17]

One Rockefeller Standard Oil partner was EdwardHarkness, whose family came to control ChemicalBank. Another was James Stillman, whose familycontrolled Manufacturers Hanover Trust.

Both banks have merged under the JP Morgan Chaseumbrella. Two of James Stillman’s daughters marriedtwo of William Rockefeller’s sons. The two familiescontrol a big chunk of Citigroup as well. [18]

In the insurance business, the Rockefellers controlMetropolitan Life, Equitable Life, Prudential and NewYork Life. Rockefeller banks control 25% of all assetsof the 50 largest US commercial banks and 30% of allassets of the 50 largest insurance companies. [19]

Insurance companies- the first in the US waslaunched by Freemasons through their Woodman’s ofAmerica- play a key role in the Bermuda drug moneyshuffle.

Companies under Rockefeller control include ExxonMobil, Chevron Texaco, BP Amoco, Marathon Oil,Freeport McMoran, Quaker Oats, ASARCO, United,

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Delta, Northwest, ITT, International Harvester, Xerox,Boeing, Westinghouse, Hewlett-Packard, Honeywell,International Paper, Pfizer, Motorola, Monsanto,Union Carbide and General Foods.

The Rockefeller Foundation has close financial ties toboth Ford and Carnegie Foundations. Other familyphilanthropic endeavors include Rockefeller BrothersFund, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,General Education Board, Rockefeller University andthe University of Chicago- which churns out a steadystream of far right economists as apologists forinternational capital, including Milton Friedman.

The family owns 30 Rockefeller Plaza, where thenational Christmas tree is lighted every year, andRockefeller Center. David Rockefeller wasinstrumental in the construction of the World TradeCenter towers.

The main Rockefeller family home is a hulkingcomplex in upstate New York known as PocanticoHills. They also own a 32-room 5th Avenue duplex inManhattan, a mansion in Washington, DC, MonteSacro Ranch in Venezuela, coffee plantations inEcuador, several farms in Brazil, an estate at SealHarbor, Maine and resorts in the Caribbean, Hawaiiand Puerto Rico. [20]

The Dulles and Rockefeller families are cousins. AllenDulles created the CIA, assisted the Nazis, covered upthe Kennedy hit from his Warren Commission perchand struck a deal with the Muslim Brotherhood tocreate mind-controlled assassins. [21]

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Brother John Foster Dulles presided over the phonyGoldman Sachs trusts before the 1929 stock marketcrash and helped his brother overthrow governmentsin Iran and Guatemala. Both were Skull & Bones,Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) insiders and 33rdDegree Masons. [22]

The Rockefellers were instrumental in forming thedepopulation-oriented Club of Rome at their familyestate in Bellagio, Italy.

Their Pocantico Hills estate gave birth to the TrilateralCommission. The family is a major funder of theeugenics movement which spawned Hitler, humancloning and the current DNA obsession in USscientific circles.

John Rockefeller Jr. headed the Population Counciluntil his death. [23] His namesake son is a Senatorfrom West Virginia. Brother Winthrop Rockefeller wasLieutenant Governor of Arkansas and remains themost powerful man in that state.

In an October 1975 interview with Playboy magazine,Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller – who was alsoGovernor of New York – articulated his family’spatronizing worldview:

“I am a great believer in planning – economic,social, political, military, total world planning.”

But of all the Rockefeller brothers, it is TrilateralCommission (TC) founder and Chase ManhattanChairman David who has spearheaded the family’s

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fascist agenda on a global scale. He defended theShah of Iran, the South African apartheid regime andthe Chilean Pinochet junta.

He was the biggest financier of the CFR, the TC and(during the Vietnam War) the Committee for anEffective and Durable Peace in Asia- a contractbonanza for those who made their living off theconflict.

Nixon asked him to be Secretary of Treasury, butRockefeller declined the job, knowing his power wasmuch greater at the helm of the Chase. Author GaryAllen writes in The Rockefeller File that in 1973:

“David Rockefeller met with twenty-seven heads ofstate, including the rulers of Russia and RedChina.”

Following the 1975 Nugan Hand Bank/CIA coupagainst Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, hisBritish Crown-appointed successor Malcolm Frasersped to the US, where he met with President GeraldFord after conferring with David Rockefeller. [24]

Part Two: The Freemasons and the House ofRothschild

In 1789 Alexander Hamilton became the firstTreasury Secretary of the United States. Hamilton wasone of many Founding Fathers who wereFreemasons. He had close relations with theRothschild family which owns the Bank of Englandand leads the European Freemason movement.

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George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay,Ethan Allen, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, JohnBrown and Roger Sherman were all Masons.

Andrew Hamilton

Roger Livingston helped Sherman and Franklin writethe Declaration of Independence. He gave GeorgeWashington his oaths of office while he was GrandMaster of the New York Grand Lodge of Freemasons.

Washington himself was Grand Master of the VirginiaLodge. Of the General Officers in the RevolutionaryArmy, thirty-three were Masons. This was highlysymbolic since 33rd Degree Masons becomeIlluminated. [1]

Populist founding fathers led by John Adams, ThomasJefferson, James Madison and Thomas Paine- none ofwhom were Masons- wanted to completely severeties with the British Crown, but were overruled by theMasonic faction led by Washington, Hamilton andGrand Master of the St. Andrews Lodge in BostonGeneral Joseph Warren, who wanted to “defyParliament but remain loyal to the Crown”.

St. Andrews Lodge was the hub of New WorldMasonry and began issuing Knights Templar Degreesin 1769. [2]

General Joseph Warren

All US Masonic lodges are to this day warranted bythe British Crown, whom they serve as a globalintelligence and counterrevolutionary subversion

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network. Their most recent initiative is the MasonicChild Identification Program (CHIP).

According to Wikipedia, the CHIP programs allowparents the opportunity to create a kit of identifyingmaterials for their child, free of charge. The kitcontains a fingerprint card, a physical description, avideo, computer disk, or DVD of the child, a dentalimprint, and a DNA sample.

The First Continental Congress convened inPhiladelphia in 1774 under the Presidency of PeytonRandolph, who succeeded Washington as GrandMaster of the Virginia Lodge. The Second ContinentalCongress convened in 1775 under the Presidency ofFreemason John Hancock.

Peyton’s brother William succeeded him as VirginiaLodge Grand Master and became the leadingproponent of centralization and federalism at theFirst Constitutional Convention in 1787. Thefederalism at the heart of the US Constitution isidentical to the federalism laid out in the Freemason’sAnderson’s Constitutions of 1723.

William Randolph became the nation’s first AttorneyGeneral and Secretary of State under GeorgeWashington. His family returned to England loyal tothe Crown. John Marshall, the nation’s first SupremeCourt Justice, was also a Mason. [3]

When Benjamin Franklin journeyed to France to seekfinancial help for American revolutionaries, hismeetings took place at Rothschild banks.

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He brokered arms sales via German Mason Baronvon Steuben. His Committees of Correspondenceoperated through Freemason channels and paralleleda British spy network. In 1776 Franklin became defacto Ambassador to France.

In 1779 he became Grand Master of the French NeufSoeurs (Nine Sisters) Lodge, to which John Paul Jonesand Voltaire belonged. Franklin was also a member ofthe more secretive Royal Lodge of Commanders ofthe Temple West of Carcasonne, whose membersincluded Frederick Prince of Whales.

While Franklin preached temperance in the US, hecavorted wildly with his Lodge brothers in Europe.Franklin served as Postmaster General from the1750’s to 1775 – a role traditionally relegated toBritish spies. [4]

With Rothschild financing Alexander Hamiltonfounded two New York banks, including Bank of NewYork. [5] He died in a gun battle with Aaron Burr, whofounded Bank of Manhattan with Kuhn Loebfinancing.

Hamilton exemplified the contempt which the EightFamilies hold towards common people, once stating:

“All communities divide themselves into the fewand the many. The first are the rich and the wellborn, the others the mass of the people…Thepeople are turbulent and changing; they seldomjudge and determine right. Give therefore to thefirst class a distinct, permanent share of

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government. They will check the unsteadiness ofthe second.”[6]

Hamilton was only the first in a series of EightFamilies cronies to hold the key position of TreasurySecretary.

In recent times Kennedy Treasury Secretary DouglasDillon came from Dillon Read (now part of UBSWarburg). Nixon Treasury Secretaries David Kennedyand William Simon came from Continental IllinoisBank (now part of Bank of America) and SalomonBrothers (now part of Citigroup), respectively.

Carter Treasury Secretary Michael Blumenthal camefrom Goldman Sachs, Reagan Treasury SecretaryDonald Regan came from Merrill Lynch (now part ofBank of America), Bush Sr. Treasury SecretaryNicholas Brady came from Dillon Read (UBS Warburg)and both Clinton Treasury Secretary Robert Rubinand Bush Jr. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson camefrom Goldman Sachs.

Obama Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner worked atKissinger Associates and the New York Fed.

Thomas Jefferson argued that the United Statesneeded a publicly-owned central bank so thatEuropean monarchs and aristocrats could not use theprinting of money to control the affairs of the newnation.

Jefferson extolled:

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“A country which expects to remain ignorant andfree…expects that which has never been and thatwhich will never be. There is scarcely a King in ahundred who would not, if he could, follow theexample of Pharaoh – get first all the people’smoney, then all their lands and then make themand their children servants forever…bankingestablishments are more dangerous thanstanding armies. Already they have raised up amoney aristocracy.”

Jefferson watched as the Euro-banking conspiracy tocontrol the United States unfolded, weighing in:

“Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to theaccidental opinion of the day, but a series ofoppressions begun at a distinguished period,unalterable through every change of ministers,too plainly prove a deliberate, systematic plan ofreducing us to slavery”. [7]

But the Rothschild-sponsored Hamilton’s argumentsfor a private US central bank carried the day. In 1791the Bank of the United States (BUS) was founded,with the Rothschilds as main owners. The bank’scharter was to run out in 1811.

Public opinion ran in favor of revoking the charterand replacing it with a Jeffersonian public centralbank. The debate was postponed as the nation wasplunged by the Euro-bankers into the War of 1812. Amidst a climate of fear and economic hardship,

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Hamilton’s bank got its charter renewed in 1816.

Old Hickory, Honest Abe & Camelot

In 1828 Andrew Jackson took a run at the USPresidency. Throughout his campaign he railedagainst the international bankers who controlled theBUS. Jackson ranted, “You are a den of vipers. Iintend to expose you and by Eternal God I will routyou out.

If the people understood the rank injustices of ourmoney and banking system there would be arevolution before morning.”

Jackson won the election and revoked the bank’scharter stating:

“The Act seems to be predicated on an erroneousidea that the present shareholders have aprescriptive right to not only the favor, but thebounty of the government…for their benefit doesthis Act exclude the whole American people fromcompetition in the purchase of this monopoly.

“Present stockholders and those inheriting theirrights as successors be established a privilegedorder, clothed both with great political power andenjoying immense pecuniary advantages fromtheir connection with government.

“Should its influence be concentrated under theoperation of such an Act as this, in the hands of a

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self-elected directory whose interests areidentified with those of the foreign stockholders,will there not be cause to tremble for theindependence of our country in war… controllingour currency, receiving our public monies andholding thousands of our citizens independence, itwould be more formidable and dangerous thanthe naval and military power of the enemy.

“It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful toooften bend the acts of government for selfishpurposes… to make the rich richer and morepowerful. Many of our rich men have not beencontent with equal protection and equal benefits,but have besought us to make them richer by actsof Congress. I have done my duty to thiscountry.”[8]

Populism prevailed and Jackson was re-elected. In1835 he was the target of an assassination attempt. The gunman was Richard Lawrence, who confessedthat he was, “in touch with the powers in Europe”. [9]

Still, in 1836 Jackson refused to renew the BUScharter. Under his watch the US national debt wentto zero for the first and last time in our nation’shistory.

This angered the international bankers, whoseprimary income is derived from interest payments ondebt. BUS President Nicholas Biddle cut off funding tothe US government in 1842, plunging the US into adepression. Biddle was an agent for the Paris-based

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Jacob Rothschild. [10]

The Mexican War was simultaneously sprung onJackson.

A few years later the Civil War was unleashed, withLondon bankers backing the Union and Frenchbankers backing the South. The Lehman family madea fortune smuggling arms to the south and cotton tothe north.

By 1861 the US was $100 million in debt. NewPresident Abraham Lincoln snubbed the Euro-bankers again, issuing Lincoln Greenbacks to payUnion Army bills.

The Rothschild-controlled Times of London wrote:

“If that mischievous policy, which had its origins inthe North American Republic, should becomeindurated down to a fixture, then thatGovernment will furnish its own money withoutcost. It will pay off its debts and be without debt. Itwill have all the money necessary to carry on itscommerce. It will become prosperous beyondprecedent in the history of the civilizedgovernments of the world. The brains and thewealth of all countries will go to North America.That government must be destroyed, or it willdestroy every monarchy on the globe.” [11]

The Euro-banker-written Hazard Circular was exposedand circulated throughout the country by angry

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populists.

It stated:

“The great debt that capitalists will see is madeout of the war and must be used to control thevalve of money. To accomplish this governmentbonds must be used as a banking basis. We arenow awaiting Secretary of Treasury Salmon Chaseto make that recommendation. It will not allowGreenbacks to circulate as money as we cannotcontrol that. We control bonds and through thembanking issues”.

The 1863 National Banking Act reinstated a private UScentral bank and Chase’s war bonds were issued. Lincoln was re-elected the next year, vowing to repealthe act after he took his January 1865 oaths of office.

Before he could act, he was assassinated at the FordTheatre by John Wilkes Booth. Booth had majorconnections to the international bankers. Hisgranddaughter wrote This One Mad Act, which detailsBooth’s contact with “mysterious Europeans” justbefore the Lincoln assassination.

Following the Lincoln hit, Booth was whisked away bymembers of a secret society known as Knights of theGolden Circle (KGC). KGC had close ties to the FrenchSociety of Seasons, which produced Karl Marx.

KGC had fomented much of the tension that causedthe Civil War and President Lincoln had specificallytargeted the group.

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Booth was a KGC member and was connectedthrough Confederate Secretary of State JudahBenjamin to the House of Rothschild. Benjamin fledto England after the Civil War. [12]

Nearly a century after Lincoln was assassinated forissuing Greenbacks, President John F. Kennedy foundhimself in the Eight Families’ crosshairs. Kennedy hadannounced a crackdown on off-shore tax havens andproposed increases in tax rates on large oil andmining companies.

He supported eliminating tax loopholes which benefitthe super-rich. His economic policies were publiclyattacked by Fortune magazine, the Wall Street Journaland both David and Nelson Rockefeller.

Even Kennedy’s own Treasury Secretary DouglasDillon, who came from the UBS Warburg-controlledDillon Read investment bank, voiced opposition to theJFK proposals. [13]

Kennedy’s fate was sealed in June 1963 when heauthorized the issuance of more than $4 billion inUnited States Notes by his Treasury Department in anattempt to circumvent the high interest rate usury ofthe private Federal Reserve international bankercrowd.

The wife of Lee Harvey Oswald, who was convenientlygunned down by Jack Ruby before Ruby himself wasshot, told author A. J. Weberman in 1994:

“The answer to the Kennedy assassination is with

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the Federal Reserve Bank. Don’t underestimatethat. It’s wrong to blame it on Angleton and theCIA per se only. This is only one finger on the samehand. The people who supply the money areabove the CIA”. [14]

Fueled by incoming President Lyndon Johnson’simmediate escalation of the Vietnam War, the USsank further into debt. Its citizens were terrorizedinto silence. If they could kill the President they couldkill anyone.

The House of Rothschild

The Dutch House of Orange founded the Bank ofAmsterdam in 1609 as the world’s first central bank. Prince William of Orange married into the EnglishHouse of Windsor, taking King James II’s daughterMary as his bride.

The Orange Order Brotherhood, which recentlyfomented Northern Ireland Protestant violence, putWilliam III on the English throne where he ruled bothHolland and Britain. In 1694 William III teamed upwith the UK aristocracy to launch the private Bank ofEngland.

The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street- as the Bank ofEngland is known- is surrounded by thirty foot walls.Three floors beneath it the third largest stock of goldbullion in the world is stored. [15]

The Rothschilds and their inbred Eight Familiespartners gradually came to control the Bank of

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England. The daily London gold “fixing” occurred atthe N. M. Rothschild Bank until 2004.

As Bank of England Deputy Governor George Blundenput it:

“Fear is what makes the bank’s powers soacceptable. The bank is able to exert its influencewhen people are dependent on us and fear losingtheir privileges or when they are frightened.”[16]

Mayer Amschel Rothschild sold the Britishgovernment German Hessian mercenaries to fightagainst American Revolutionaries, diverting theproceeds to his brother Nathan in London, whereN.M. (Nathan and Mayer) Rothschild & Sons wasestablished.

Mayer was a serious student of Cabala and launchedhis fortune on money embezzled from William IX-royal administrator of the Hesse-Kassel region and aprominent Freemason.

Rothschild-controlled Barings bankrolled the Chineseopium and African slave trades. It financed theLouisiana Purchase.

When several states defaulted on its loans, Baringsbribed Daniel Webster to make speeches stressingthe virtues of loan repayment.

The states held their ground, so the House ofRothschild cut off the money spigot in 1842, plungingthe US into a deep depression. It was often said that

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the wealth of the Rothschilds depended on thebankruptcy of nations.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild once said:

“I care not who controls a nation’s political affairs,so long as I control its currency”.

War didn’t hurt the family fortune either. The Houseof Rothschild financed the Prussian War, the CrimeanWar and the British attempt to seize the Suez Canalfrom the French.

Nathan Rothschild made a huge financial bet onNapoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, while alsofunding the Duke of Wellington’s peninsularcampaign against Napoleon. Both the Mexican Warand the Civil War were goldmines for the family.

Nathan Rothschild

One Rothschild family biography mentions a Londonmeeting where an “International Banking Syndicate”decided to pit the American North against the Southas part of a “divide and conquer” strategy.

German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck once stated:

“The division of the United States into federationsof equal force was decided long before the CivilWar. These bankers were afraid that the UnitedStates… would upset their financial dominationover the world. The voice of the Rothschildsprevailed.”

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Rothschild biographer Derek Wilson says the familywas the official European banker to the USgovernment and strong supporters of the Bank of theUnited States. [17]

Family biographer Niall Ferguson notes a “substantialand unexplained gap” in private Rothschildcorrespondence between 1854-1860. He says allcopies of outgoing letters written by the LondonRothschilds during this Civil War period “weredestroyed at the orders of successive partners”. [18]

French and British troops had, at the height of theCivil War, encircled the US. The British sent 11,000troops to Crown-controlled Canada, which gave safeharbor to Confederate agents.

France’s Napoleon III installed Austrian Hapsburgfamily member Archduke Maximilian as his puppetemperor in Mexico, where French troops massed onthe Texas border.

Only an 11th-hour deployment of two Russianwarship fleets by US ally Czar Alexander II in 1863saved the United States from re-colonization. [19]

That same year the Chicago Tribune blasted:

“Belmont (August Belmont was a US Rothschildagent and had a Triple Crown horse race namedin his honor) and the Rothschilds…who have beenbuying up Confederate war bonds.”

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Salmon Rothschild said of a deceased PresidentLincoln:

“He rejects all forms of compromise. He has theappearance of a peasant and can only tellbarroom stories.”

Baron Jacob Rothschild was equally flattering towardsthe US citizenry.

He once commented to US Minister to Belgium HenrySanford on the over half a million Americans whodied during the Civil War:

“When your patient is desperately sick, you trydesperate measures, even to bloodletting.”

Salmon and Jacob were merely carrying forth a familytradition.

A few generations earlier Mayer Amschel Rothschildbragged of his investment strategy, “When the streetsof Paris are running in blood, I buy”. [20]

Mayer Rothschild’s sons were known as the FrankfurtFive. The eldest – Amschel – ran the family’s Frankfurtbank with his father, while Nathan ran Londonoperations.

Youngest son Jacob set up shop in Paris, whileSalomon ran the Vienna branch and Karl was off toNaples. Author Frederick Morton estimates that by1850 the Rothschilds were worth over $10 billion.[21] Some researchers believe that their fortune

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today exceeds $100 trillion.

The Warburgs, Kuhn Loebs, Goldman Sachs, Schiffsand Rothschilds have intermarried into one big happybanking family. The Warburg family- which controlsDeutsche Bank and BNP- tied up with the Rothschildsin 1814 in Hamburg, while Kuhn Loeb powerhouseJacob Schiff shared quarters with Rothschilds in1785.

Schiff immigrated to America in 1865. He joinedforces with Abraham Kuhn and married SolomonLoeb’s daughter. Loeb and Kuhn married each otherssisters and the Kuhn Loeb dynasty wasconsummated. Felix Warburg married Jacob Schiff’sdaughter.

Two Goldman daughters married two sons of theSachs family, creating Goldman Sachs. In 1806Nathan Rothschild married the oldest daughter ofLevi Barent Cohen, a leading financier in London.[22]

Thus, Merrill Lynch super-bull Abby Joseph Cohen andClinton Secretary of Defense William Cohen are likelydescended from Rothschilds.

Today the Rothschild’s control a far-flung financialempire, which includes majority stakes in most worldcentral banks. The Edmond de Rothschild clan ownsthe Banque Privee SA in Lugano, Switzerland and theRothschild Bank AG of Zurich.

The family of Jacob Lord Rothschild owns thepowerful Rothschild Italia in Milan.

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They are founding members of the exclusive $10trillion Club of the Isles – which controls corporategiants Royal Dutch Shell, Imperial ChemicalIndustries, Lloyds of London, Unilever, Barclays,Lonrho, Rio Tinto Zinc, BHP Billiton and AngloAmerican DeBeers.

It dominates the world supply of petroleum, gold,diamonds, and many other vital raw materials. [23]

The Club of the Isles provides capital for GeorgeSoros’ Quantum Fund NV – which made substantialfinancial gains in 1998-99 following the collapse ofcurrencies of Thailand, Indonesia and Russia. Soroswas a major shareholder at George W. Bush’s HarkenEnergy.

The Club of Isles is led by the Rothschilds andincludes Queen Elizabeth II and other wealthyEuropean aristocrats and Nobility.[24]

Perhaps the largest repository for Rothschild wealthtoday is Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG – asecretive Swiss-based bank holding company. By thelate 1990s scions of the Rothschild global empirewere Barons Guy and Elie de Rothschild in France andLord Jacob and Sir Evelyn Rothschild in Britain. [25]

Evelyn was chairman of the Economist and a directorat DeBeers and IBM UK.

Jacob backed Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Californiagubernatorial campaign. He took control ofKhodorkovsky’s YUKOS oil shares just before theRussian government arrested him.

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In 2010 Jacob joined Rupert Murdoch in a shale oilextraction partnership in Israel through Genie Energy– a subsidiary of IDT Corporation. [26]

Related: Complete List of BANKS Owned orControlled by the Rothschild Family

By Dean Henderson, Global Research (I) and GlobalResearch (II) | References:

Part One

[1] 10K Filings of Fortune 500 Corporations to SEC. 3-91

[2] 10K Filing of US Trust Corporation to SEC. 6-28-95

[3] The Federal Reserve ‘Fed Up’. Thomas Schauf.www.davidicke.com 1-02

[4] The Secrets of the Federal Reserve. EustaceMullins. Bankers Research Institute. Staunton, VA.1983. p.179

[5] Ibid. p.53

[6] The Triumph of Conservatism. Gabriel Kolko.MacMillan and Company New York. 1963. p.142

[7] Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History thatConnects the Trilateral Commission, theFreemasons and the Great Pyramids. Jim Marrs.HarperCollins Publishers. New York. 2000. p.57

[8] The House of Morgan. Ron Chernow. Atlantic

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Monthly Press NewYork 1990

[9] Marrs. p.57

[10] Democracy for the Few. Michael Parenti. St.Martin’s Press. New York. 1977. p.178

[11] Chernow

[12] The Great Crash of 1929. John KennethGalbraith. Houghton, Mifflin Company. Boston. 1979.p.148

[13] Chernow

[14] Children of the Matrix. David Icke. Bridge ofLove. Scottsdale, AZ. 2000

[15] The Confidence Game: How Un-Elected CentralBankers are Governing the Changed World Economy.Steven Solomon. Simon & Schuster. New York. 1995.p.112

[16] Marrs. p.180

[17] Ibid. p.45

[18] The Money Lenders: The People and Politics ofthe World Banking Crisis. Anthony Sampson.Penguin Books. New York. 1981

[19] The Rockefeller File. Gary Allen. ’76 Press. SealBeach, CA. 1977

[20] Ibid

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[21] Dope Inc.: The Book That Drove KissingerCrazy. Editors of Executive Intelligence Review.Washington, DC. 1992

[22] Marrs.

[23] The Rockefeller Syndrome. FerdinandLundberg. Lyle Stuart Inc. Secaucus, NJ. 1975. p.296

[24] Marrs. p.53

Part Two

[1] The Temple & the Lodge. Michael Bagent &Richard Leigh. Arcade Publishing. New York. 1989.p.259

[2] Ibid. p.219

[3] Ibid. p.253

[4] Ibid. p.233

[5] The Robot’s Rebellion: The Story of theSpiritual Renaissance. David Icke. Gateway Books.Bath, UK. 1994. p.156

[6] Democracy for the Few. Michael Parenti. St.Martin’s Press. New York. 1977. p.51

[7] Fourth Reich of the Rich. Des Griffin. EmissaryPublications. Pasadena, CA. 1978. p.171

[8] Ibid. p.173

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[9] Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History thatConnects the Trilateral Commission, theFreemasons and the Great Pyramids. Jim Marrs.HarperCollins Publishers. New York. 2000. p.68

[10] The Secrets of the Federal Reserve. EustaceMullins. Bankers Research Institute. Staunton, VA.1983. p.179

[11] Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The LionSleeps No More. David Icke. David Icke Books Ltd.Isle of Wight. UK. 2010. p.92

[12] Marrs. p.212

[13] Idid. p.139

[14] Ibid p.141

[15] David Icke. The Robot’s Rebellion. p.114

[16] Ibid. p.181

[17] Rothschild: The Wealth and Power of aDynasty. Derek Wilson. Charles Schribner’s Sons.New York. 1988. p.178

[18] The House of Rothschild. Niall Ferguson. VikingPress New York 1998 p.28

[19] Marrs. p.215

[20] Ibid

[21] “What You Didn’t Know about Taxes and the

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6 pit bulls graduate fromnarcotics training to

become K-9s across US

Crown”. Mark Owen. Paranoia. #41. Spring 2006. p.66

[22] Marrs. p.63

[23] “The Coming Fall of the House of Windsor”. TheNew Federalist. 1994

[24] “The Secret Financial Network Behind ‘Wizard’George Soros”. William Engdahl. Executive IntelligenceReview. 11-1-96

[25] Marrs. p.86

[26] “Murdoch, Rothschild Invest in Israeli Oil Shale”.Jerusalem Post. November 22, 2010

About the author: Dean Henderson is the authorof Big Oil & Their Bankers in the Persian Gulf: FourHorsemen, Eight Families & Their GlobalIntelligence, Narcotics & Terror Network and TheGrateful Unrich: Revolution in 50 Countries. HisLeft Hook blog is at

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