Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft...
Transcript of Rock Physics - eSeise-seis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Rock-Physics.pdfTitle: Microsoft...
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Rock Physics
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
The stack is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
Where is the Gas?
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Nphi
This log is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
Nphi Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Nphi Rhob Nphi/Rhob Lith/Phi/Fluids GR
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 11
Nphi Rhob
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
Nphi Rhob
Lithology/Fluid
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 13
Nphi Rhob
Porosity
Petrophysics, Logs
Nphi
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
Nphi Rhob Lith/Phi/FluidsLithology/Fluids
Porosity
Petrophysics, Logs
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 15
Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
Amplitude Variations
with Offset,
AVO
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
RecordingSystem
Seismic Sources
t2
t3
GeophoneArray
t1
Location
of gather
Offset
CMP Gather
t2
t3
t1
The PSTM CDP Gather
In the PSTM CDP gather, at any given time, each offset samples the
same subsurface point but does so at different angles.
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
Am
pli
tud
e
sin2θθθθ
P (intercept)
Offset
Seismic Gather
tG (slope)
AVO Gradient Analysis
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
Am
pli
tud
e
sin2θθθθ
AVO Analysis
Full Stack
P (Y Intercept)
G (Slope)
Normal Incidence Section
AVO Gradient Section
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Normal Incidence (P)
Seismic Petrophysics
Where are the sands?
Gas?
Porosity?
AVO Gradient (G)
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 21
0,0
G
P P
Stack
G
Stack
Crossplot of P and G
What does this crossplot mean
In terms of:
Lithology?
Porosity?
Fluids?
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
LithSeis®
Modeling Methodology
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 23
Conventional Seismic Modeling
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
Conventional Seismic Modeling
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 25
Seismic Petrophysics
GR RT DT Rhob Nphi
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion Forward Modeling
Seismic Petrophysics
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
GR RT DT Rhob Nphi GR RT DT Rhob Nphi Seismic
Lith/
Phi/
Fluids
Inversion Forward Modeling
Seismic Petrophysics
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
Lith/Phi/Fluids Seismic Model / Stack
Seismic Petrophysics
Logs
Forward Model
Inversion
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
CDP 1
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
CDP 11
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
CDP 22
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
CDP 33
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 33
CDP 44
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
Rock Modeling Summary
P GGathers
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
1000 Models
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
From Shale to a 6% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
6%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
From Shale to a 10% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
10%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
From Shale to a 14% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
14%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
From Shale to a 18% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
18%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
From Shale to a 22% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
22%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 41
26%
From Shale to a 26% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 43
From Shale to a 34% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
34%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
From Shale to a 38% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
38%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 45
From Shale to a 42% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
42%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
From Shale to a 46% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
46%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
Laminated Sands
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
From Shale to a 30% Porosity Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 49
From Shale to a 30% Porosity,Laminated Sand
Wet, Gas
30%
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
Thickness
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
4ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
4ms
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 52
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
8ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
8ms
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 53
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
12ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
12ms
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 54
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
16ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
16ms
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
20ms Thick
Distance
Thickness
20ms
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 56
Sand with Porosity from 0 to 46%
All Thicknesses
Distance
Thickness
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 57
Results of:
1000’s Models
100’s data Sets
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 58
Rocks vs. Distance & Direction
Function of?
Lithology
Fluids
Thickness
Elliptical Distance Direction
Function of?
Porosity
Blocky or Laminated
Infers Depositional Facies
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 59
How does this fit with
reality?
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 60
AVO Type Tendencies
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 61
Seismic Petrophysical WorkflowP Section
G Section
Lithology Section
AVO Types Section
P vs. G
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 62
Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 63
Gas
Down dip wet sand
GasGas
Where is the Gas?
The stack is a function of:
Lithology
Porosity
Fluids
Pre-stack Time Migrated Stack
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 64
GasGas
Gas
GasGas
Gas
Seismic Lithology/AVO Response
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 65
Examples
Depositional Facies
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 66
Lithology/Fluid and AVO Types
Lithology AVO Type
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 67
Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 68
G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
AVO Type Response, Surface
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 69
LithSeis Data, Section Views
Lithology AVO Type
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
G
12
3
4
5
-5
-3
-2
-1
AVO Type Color Bar
P
-4 5
4
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 70
4
Lithology Color Bar
50
15
0
-15
-50
G
P
Lithology/Fluid Response, Surface
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 71
AVO Type Response, Surface
www.e-seis.com Copyright 2002-2010 eSeis, Inc. All rights reserved. 72
Conclusion
Think in terms of
Lithology, Porosity
and fluids
not
wiggles and
impedances and
instantaneous
attributes.