Project done by:Anirban ChoudhurySoham GhoshSrijan DasSudeshna SarkarUnder the guidance of:Dr. Swapnadip De,Asst Professor ,Dept of ECE, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology

Robotics Of The Future

We would like to express our sincere regards to our guide and mentor Dr. Swapnadip De, Asst. Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, for his invaluable comments, advice and support without which this work would not have been possible.

We would also like to record our indebtedness to Dr. Sudip Dogra, Head of the Department, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Prof. Tirthankar Dutta, Principal, Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology for providing us with all the support that was needed.

We would also like to thank all the faculty members of ECE department, MSIT for their valuable suggestions during the course of our work.

Last but not the least; we would like to acknowledge the indispensible assistance of our parents for their encouragement and valuable support during this seminar work.

Contents What is a robot? A quick Recap What now? Swarm robotics

Advantages KILOBOT-by Harvard University SWARMANOIDS

• Swarmanoid Hand-Bot• Swarmanoid Foot- Bot• Swarmanoid Eye- Bot

Areas of application Shape-Shifting robots

Origami robotics Untethered Miniature Origami Robot that self- folds, walks, swims and degrades-by MIT LineForm-by MIT

Mind-Controlled Robotics NeuroSky Mindwave Applications/Working BrainGate

Cloud Robotics Components RAPP Platform

Personal Robotics CellRobot Erle-Spider

In ConclusionReferences

A machineA machineCan replace Can replace human inhuman in variety of variety of taskstasksMakes work Makes work easiereasier

A quick recap…1954•George Devol & Joe Engleberger•First programmable robotic arm, Unimate

1973•Wabot-I built•Full scale anthropomorphic robot•Limb control, vision & communication system

1999•Sony builds AIBO K9 the first generation•Reacts on sound•Preprogrammed behavior

2000•Honda, Japan debuts humanoid robot, ASIMO•Walks independently and climbs stairs

2001•LEGO releases MINDSTORM Ultimate Builders set•Sony releases AIBO 2nd generation2012•Curiosity rover lands on Mars

Robotics is now modified with Robotics is now modified with state-of-the art technologies:state-of-the art technologies:Swarm intelligence(Swarm robotics)Swarm intelligence(Swarm robotics)

Brain-machine interfacing(Mind-controlled Brain-machine interfacing(Mind-controlled robotics)robotics)

Shape-Shape-shifting shifting

Cloud computing(Cloud robotics)Cloud computing(Cloud robotics)

KILOBOT by

Harvard UniversityLow costSmall,3.3cm diameterCan communicate up to 7cm radiusNeighbor-to-neighbor distance

sensingAmbient light sensing

Swarmanoid Hand-Bot•Two grippers

•Manipulation and climbing•Ducted fans-rotational control

•Immobile and sensorless•Relies of Foot-Bots

•Eye-Bot launcher

Swarmanoid Foot-Bot•Ground-based sensing and mobility•Can latch onto other Foot-Bots, Hand-Bots , or objects

•Dual cameras•360-degree infrared ranging sensors

Swarmanoid Eye-Bot  

•Aerial view of the environment

•Ceiling attachment device

•Quadrotor

•Pan-tilt camera , infrared distance sensors, IMU, sonar and magnetometer.   

Areas of application•Surveillance

•Disaster management•Search and rescue operations

•Exploration•Military

Origami Robot

By MIT

•Flat sheet with a magnet

•Folds itself

•Driven by magnetic fields

•Dissolves in liquid•Completes a life cycle

that self-folds, walks, swims, and degrades

•Electromagnetic coil Electromagnetic coil system -four system -four electromagnetic coils electromagnetic coils

•Consists of PVC sandwiched between Consists of PVC sandwiched between laser-cut structural layers of polystyrenelaser-cut structural layers of polystyrene

•Measures 1.7 cm on each Measures 1.7 cm on each sideside•Weighs just 0.31 gWeighs just 0.31 g•A cubic neodymium A cubic neodymium permanent magnet permanent magnet

Features and Working:Features and Working:

•Folds on heatingFolds on heating

•Speed 3-4 cm/sec

•Ability to float , swim

•Can move or carry objects and clear obstacles

•Digging

•3 models designed so far

•Could be used for surgical purposes

•Finished and ready to go under a minute

by MIT

Serpentine robotAutomatically form a number of shapesPhysical interface for man-machine interactionSeries of motors with shape detectionReplace everyday objects such as Desk lampIntelligent data cableTurn data into real life

Application -

•Replaces headphones with chip a sensor (containing 100 hair-thin electrodes)

•Implanted in the brain•External decoder device•Detects EM neuron signatures

•Translates activity into electrically charged signals

•Decoded in software•Manipulate objects using only mind•Such as a robotic arm, a computer cursor, or a wheelchair

CLOUD ROBOTICSConnected to the cloud

Access resources of modern data centre in the cloud

Process & share information

Delegate tasks to robots remotely through networks

Components of robot cloud-Offering global library of images, maps, and object data

Massively-parallel computation on demand

Sharing of outcomes, trajectories, and dynamic control policies

Human sharing of "open-source" code , data , designs etc.

On-demand human guidance and assistance

Augmented human–robot interaction

What is RAPP Platform? •Collection of ROS nodes•Back-end processes

•Ready-to-use generic services to robots.RAPP Platform divided in two main parts:

ROS nodes HOP services•Image processing, Audio processing, Speech-to-text and Text-to-speech, Database operations etc

•Front-end services expose specific RAPP Platform functionalities to the world

•Robot can call specific algorithms

Cell-Robot•KEYi Technology , China•Bunch of independent spherical robots ,cells connected

•Smartphone controlled

•Connector face•Indicator light

•Central heart

•Screen and sound hole

•Charge port and lock

•Add special cells , Xcells i.e. Wheels or camera•Tasks such as walk , push , hang , climb etc.

Robotics is taking giant leaps forward everyday in

nearly every field of work Robots drastically reduce human effort and can perform

tasks impossible for humans Accidents or errors due to human flaws such as

negligence, irresponsibility, forgetfulness etc. can be prevented by using robots instead

A properly designed robot can achieve a level of accuracy that humans never can

Pros:

Cons:Increased dependency on machines limits human efficiency and capacityIncreased capabilities and reduced prices of robots will make human resource redundantRobots are devoid of values and ethics, and can be easily exploited for malicious or destructive purposesExcessive dependence on robots or machines may eventually cause detachment from other people and from society in general

REFERENCES:REFERENCES:M. Dorigo, “SWARM-BOT: An experiment in swarm robotics,” in Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium (SIS-05), P. Arabshahi and A. Martinoli, Eds., 2005, pp. 192–200. "The Kilobot Project". Harvard Self-organizing Systems Research Group. Retrieved 29 October 2014. J. Vidal (1977). "Real-Time Detection of Brain Events in EEG" IEEE Proceedings 65 (5): 633–641. Wolpaw, J.R. and Wolpaw, E.W. (2012). Brain-Computer Interfaces: Something New Under the Sun. In: Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice, editors: Wolpaw, J.R. and Wolpaw, E.W. Oxford University Press. P. Fedele, M. Gioia, "Results of a 3 years study of a BCI-based communicator for advanced ALS patients". In Proceedings of the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC) 2016.

Miyashita, Shuhei, Steven Guitron, Marvin Ludersdorfer, Cynthia R. Sung, and Daniela Rus. "An Untethered Miniature Origami Robot that Self-folds, Walks, Swims, and Degrades." 2015 International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 2015.

"Cloud Robotics and Automation A special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.“, IEEE. Retrieved 7 December 2014. Li, R. “ Cloud Robotics-Enable cloud computing for robots“,Retrieved 7 December2014. Li, Ruijiao; Hu, Huosheng (16 October 2013). "Towards ROS Based Multi-robot Architecture for Ambient Assisted Living". Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on: 3458–3463. doi:10.1109/SMC.2013.590.