Robotics in Medicine 2003

7/28/2019 Robotics in Medicine 2003

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Issac Asimov firstcoined the terms robotics in1938 in the short story runaround for superscience stories magazine, followed by a collectionof short stories describing robots coming into

conflict with their human masters. Asimov used the term robotics to describe 3 laws

governing robot behavior.


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Laws:-

A robot may not injure a human being orthrough inaction allow a human to come toharm.

A robot must obey orders given it by humanexcept when doing so conflicts first law.

A robot must protect its own existence aslong as this does not conflict or second law.


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Today man is forced to compete against machines.This develops stress and the human body issubjected to various levels of trauma.

Nowadays many diseases become so common andthe affected rate increases till date. Main reasonsfor this would be improper diet, tension and excessof Cholesterol, change in the life style, food habbit,

working way and unawareness of the deadlydiseases which they are going to face.

Present day treatment for such diseases includessurgeries which are considered outdated whenCompared to todays technology.

Let here discuss about the new way of treatmentsby robots in many field of medicine. This paperfocuses on the employment of nanorobots forremoving the certain difficulty in a more effective

and accurate manner.


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Nanorobots are special purpose robots especiallydesigned and produced for the treatment of variousdiseases and malfunctions in the body throughoperations. This treatment is no way tedious but proveseffectiveness and precision!!

Nanorobots are designed using the emerging science ofNanotechnology, the science of nanomaterials (10 -9).

By having these Robots, we can refine the treatment ofdiseases by using biomedical, nanotechnologicalengineering.

Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devicesmeasured on the scale of nanometers (1 nm equals onemillionth of a millimeter).


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The picture we have modeled is a basic design of ananorobot, with all its special parts, each performingthe unique functions. There are six main parts in therobotic design.

They are

1. Grippers2. Sensors

3. Fragile

4. Empty cavity

5. Sprayer

6. Telescopic camera.


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The nano robot would have a small computer,several binding sites to determine theconcentration of specific molecules, and a supplyof some poison which could be selectively released

and was able to kill a affected cell identified ascancerous.

The main thing in this operation is to way thenanorobot in all directions inside the body.

For the scanning of the cells it is enough to rotatethe stepper motor attached with tiny microscope.


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Robotic surgery relies on the principles oflaparoscopicurologic surgery and offers patients an option totraditional surgery.

This remarkable technology allows surgeons to operatein an entirely new way.

The addition of the robotic surgical system allowssignificant improvement in surgical precision beyondthe limits of the human hand.

The da Vinci Surgical System is the only commerciallyavailable technology that can provide the surgeon withthe intuitive control, range of motion, fine tissue

manipulation capability, and 3-D visualizationcharacteristic of open surgery, while simultaneouslyallowing the surgeon to work through small ports ofminimally invasive surgery.


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The nanorobots can be implemented in many fieldsin medicine.

Here come the three main fields,

1.Treatment of cancer

` 2.As heart surgeons3.Fast relievers


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Cancer is a deadly disease which produces malignant ortimorous tissues in the body which keeps growingleading to fatal death in the later time.

Though cancer was once been told that it is a noncurable disease, the Nanorobots play the major role in

its treatment and have become the boon of Medicinalfield!!

The main advantage of using nanorobots are that theyare action-specific in nature, that is, during theoperation, it cures only the affected area, leaving the

healthier tissues unaffected! This main property has made Nanorobots to be the only

approach to cure Cancer.


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Cholesterols are biochemical compound which arecarried by lipoproteins found in blood and areessential for the normal functioning of the body toa certain extent

These sensitive robots are able to perform higherwith reduced time @ Nanorobots with nanosensorsto locate the block.

These Robots will need four kinds of nanosensors,

1.Pressure sensors

2.Acoustic sensors3.Chemo sensors

4.Smart sensors


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In order to prevent the recurrence of the block,molecular synthesis is carried out.

I.e. Nano robot fills the burnt gaps with freshflawless cells Synthesized by the robots

themselves. This process is known as molecularsynthesis.

Sensor robot that navigates other robots throughthe bloodstream:

1.All the three types of nanorobots needed for theprocess, are suspended in a liquid matrix andinjected into blood vessels of the patient.


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2. Acoustic sensors in sensor robots getactivated soon and begin navigating the armyof robots through the blood stream to thepericardium.

3. Simultaneously, the smart sensors presentin the sensor robots,get activated and form aclosed ad-hoc network connecting all therobots.

4.This is very essential in order to guide all thenanorobots to the desired location.


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The da Vinci Surgical System enables surgeons toperform three types of robotic nephrectomies(partial, simple, radical).

A robotic partial nephrectomy is a procedure toremove a small tumor from the kidney, withoutremoving the entire kidney.

A robotic simple nephrectomy is the total removalof a kidney when it becomes a chronic problem orloses its function.

A robotic radical nephrectomy is the removal ofthe kidney with all the surrounding fat, fascia andthe adrenal gland.


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The process of sensing and giving up relief fromthe injured part of the body.

Disease and ill health are caused largely by damageat the molecular and cellular level. From theviewpoint of a cell, even a fine scalpel is a bluntinstrument to keep on affecting the subsiding cells.

Nanorobots be used for purposes of maintainingand protecting the human body againstpathogens.

When we using nanorobots in our medicine, theyresult quick relief of their wounded region, insteadof having through a week.


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a.) To cure skin diseases:

To cure skin diseases, a cream

containing nanorobots may be used. It couldremove the right amount of dead skin, removeexcess oils, add missing oils, apply the rightamount of natural moisturizing compounds, andeven achieve goal of deep pore cleaning by

actually reaching down into pores and cleaningthem out. The cream could be a smart materialwith smooth-on, peel-off convenience.


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b.) For dental system:A mouthwash full of smart

nanomachines could identify and destroypathogenic bacteria while allowing the harmlessflora of the mouth to flourish in a healthyecosystem.

Further, the devices wouldidentify particles of food, plague, or tartar, and liftthem form teeth to be rinsed away.

As short-lifetime medicalnanodevices, they could be built to last only a fewminutes in the body before falling apart intomaterials of the sort found in foods(Such as Fiber).


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c.) Work on immune system:Medical nanodevices could argument the

immune system by finding and disabling unwantedbacteria and viruses.

When an invader is identified, it can bepunctured, letting its contents spill out and endingits effectiveness.

If the content were known to be hazardous by

themselves, then the immune machine could holdon to it long enough to dismantle it morecompletely.


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Robotics in Medicine 2003

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