* Robotics A

nd Collis

ion Dete

ction

Robotics.

Why robotics?

Definition of robot.

Types of robots.

Law of robotics.

Components of robots.

Advantages.

Future prospects.

Conclusion.

Queries.

*CONTENTS

The Word Robotics is Used To Collectively Define A Field In Engineering That Covers The Mimicking Of Various Human Characteristics.

Sound Concepts in Many Engineering Disciplines is Needed For Working in this Field.

It Find Its Uses In All Aspects Of Our Life.

*WHAT IS ROBOTICS

*DEFINITION OF A ROBOT• "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks" Or a simpler version.

• An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.

An automatic industrial machine replacing the human in hazardous work.

An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home.

An automatic toy car for a child to play with.

A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more….

*WHAT A ROBOT CAN MEAN?

Repetitive tasks that robots can do 24X7.

Robots never get sick or need time off.

Robots can do tasks considered too dangerous for humans.

Robots can operate equipment to much higher precision than humans.

May be cheaper over the long term

May be able to perform tasks that are impossible for humans

*THE PURPOSE OF ROBOTS

*THE PURPOSE OF ROBOTS(cont.)

Dirty Tasks

Repetitive tasks

Dangerous tasks

Impossible tasks

Robots assisting the handicapped.

ROBOTICS.It is a field of engineering that covers the

mimicking of human behavior.

. Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.

ROBOTS

AUTONOMOUS

MANUAL

The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science.

fiction writer isaac asimov.

Asimov’s Law of Robotics:

A robot may not injure a human being, or through inaction , allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings excepts where such order would conflict with the first Law.

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second Law.

*LAW OF ROBOTICS

Speed.

It can work hazardous/dangerous environment.

To perform repetitive task.

Efficiency.

Accuracy.

Adaptability.

*WHY ROBOTICS???

Mobile robots.

Land-based wheeled robot

Land-based tracked robot

Land-based legged robot

Air-based: plane, helicopter, blimp

Water-based; boat, submarine

Misc. and combination robot

Stationary robot (arm, manipulator etc.)

Rolling robots

.

*TYPES OF ROBOT

QRIO

AIBO

*Autonomous robots

ASIMO HRP

*Remote control robots

Bucket Type

Shovel Type

Arm Type

B.E.A.M

* Virtual robot

Use in industry

JCB machine

Stationary robots.

Perceive –Sensors(Touch, Light , Ultrasonic, etc).

Make Decisions-Logic(Computation).

Take Action –Actuators.

Interact-User interface and communication.

Power unit

*ARCHITECTURE OF ROBOTIC SYSTEM

*BLOCK DIAGRAM

ACTUATORS

MOTOR

MOTOR

LOGICCONTRO

LLER

Bumper(Sensor)

Infrared Detector(Sensor)

Bumper(Sensor)

Collision avoidance is somewhat different from collision detection.

Possible collisions will depend on the shape and size of both the object and robot as well as the position and motion.

When making an attempt to avoid an obstacle, there are many decisions to face.

*COLLISION AVOIDENCE

*COLLISION AVOIDENCE PROJECT HARDWARE

Structure.

Power Source.

Actuation.

Sensing.

Manipulation.

Locomotion.

*COMPONENTS OF ROBOTS

The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain.

The chain is formed of links (its bones),actuators(its muscles),and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

*STRUCTURE

Suitable Power Supply Is Needed To Run The Motors And Associated Circuitry.

Typical Power Requirement ranges from 3Vto 24V DC.

220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of our machine.

Batteries can also be used to run robots.

Robots are driven by different motors:-

DC motors

Stepper Motors

Servo Motors

*POWER SUPPLY

As the name suggests, a motors which uses a DC(Direct Current) power.

Can run in both directions.

Speed controllable

*DC Motors

Used For Measured Rotation.

Can Be Held At A Particular Position Of The Shaft

Ideal For Many Autonomous Robots Requiring Higher Precision.

*STEPPER MOTORS

Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable.

An integral feedback deceive(resolver) or devices (encoder ) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted , often on the load itself.

*SERVO MOTORS

Actuators are the “muscles” of a robot , the parts which convert stored energy into movement.

The most popular actuators are electric motors.

*ACTUATION

Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulates objects ; pick up ,modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect.

Thus the ‘hands’ of a robot are often referred to as end effectors ,while the arm is referred to as a manipulator.

Some manipulators are:-

Mechanical Grippers.

vacuum Grippers.

General purpose effectors.

*MANIPULATION

It is concerned with the motion of the robot.

Robots contains different types of drives:-

*Car type .

*Skid drive.

*Pivot drive.

*Articulated drive.

*LOCOMOTION

Revolution in medical science and health care systems.

New & wide scope in Education & training.

A good help in Nuclear industry.

Used tremendously in sports activities.

Play the role of an efficient assistance in Research and Development sciences.

Can very well handle household business.

*ADVANTAGE

Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019.

Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans.

In 2009,some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own.

The Association for the Advancement of Article Intelligence has researched on this problem.

*FUTURE PROSPECTS