ROBOT

What is ROBOT ?

DEFINITION

“A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”Robot Institute of America, 1979

RESEARCH & EXPLORATION

INDUSTRY

MEDICAL

MILITARY

SPACE

Industry: Material Handling

Military: Drone Aircrafts

Drone Planes being used by the U.S army to keep a watch on key enemy installations and enemy movement using thermal imaging and image processing

Bomb Disposal

NASA’s ATHLETE – All Terrain Hex Limbed Extra Terrestrial Explorer

Research : N.A.S.A.’s A.T.H.L.E.T.E.

Future Ahead: A.S.I.M.O.

TYPES OF ROBOT

ROBOTS

MANUAL

WIRED WIRELESS

AUTONOMUS

PRE-PROGRAMMEDSELF

LEARNING

SEMI-AUTONOMOUS

Basic Parts of a Robot

Actuators : Motors

Mechanical System / Frame : Chassis

Controller : µp/µc

Communication System : Wired/Wireless

Power Supply System : AC/DC

Sensors: Camera Mike Obstacle Light

Introduction Of Robotics

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots.

Robotics is the sciences of electronics engineering, mechanics, and software.

Robot and Robotics technologies represented a practical applications of physics, computer science, engineering and mathematics.

What is a Robot ?

• In practice it is usually an electro-mechanical machine which is guided by computer and electronic programming.

• We can not exactly define that what robot is, but we can say that-– A robot can be electrical, mechanical or elctro-mechnical

setup. – It can be programmable or non- programmable.– It can be Manual or automated controlled.– It can be use to move parts and help human beings.

Three Laws of Robotics

By Isaac Asimov’s A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction,

allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings,

except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such

protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

A robot must have the following essential characteristics

• Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility.• Programmability: It can be programmed to accomplish a large

variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates automatically.

• Sensors: On or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device.

• Mechanical capability: Enabling it to act on its environment rather than merely function as a data processing or computational device (a robot is a machine); and

• Flexibility: It can operate using a range of programs and manipulates in a variety of ways.

Asimo

• ASIMO is a humanoid robot created by Honda. ASIMO was created at Honda’s Research & Development Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan.

• The name ASIMO is an acronym for “Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility”.

Contd…..• The main concept behind Honda's robot was to create a more

viable mobility that allow robots to help and live in harmony with people.

• ASIMO has the unique ability to walk forward, backward, side step and even climb stairs with human-like agility. With the capability to navigate and operate in our world, ASIMO will be able to perform tasks to assist .

• ASIMO has two Degrees of Freedom on its neck, six on each arm and six on each leg.

• ASIMO may also someday be helpful in dangerous work environments such as moving harmful chemicals or fighting fires.

Kismet is a robot made in

the late 1990s at Massachusetts Institute of Technology with auditory, visual and expressive systems intended to participate in human social interaction and to demonstrate simulated human emotion and appearance. The name Kismet comes from the Arabic , Turkish , Urdu Hindi and Punjabi word meaning "fate" or sometimes "luck".

Kismet (robot)

Contd....• Kismet simulates emotion through various facial expressions,

vocalizations, and movement. Facial expressions are created through movements of the ears, eyebrows, eyelids, lips, jaw, and head.

Four color CCD cameras mounted on a stereo active vision head and two wide field of view cameras allow Kismet to decide what to pay attention to and to estimate distances.

Maxon DC servo motors with high resolution optical encoders are positioned to give Kismet three degrees of eye movement, which allow it to control gaze direction and gives Kismet the ability to move and orient its eyes like a human. This allows Kismet to simulate human visual behaviors.

iCub robot

Contd.... The iCub is a small-size humanoid robot being designed by the

RobotCub Consortium, consisting of several European universities.

The iCub is the humanoid baby-robot being designed within the RobotCub project. It is a full humanoid robot sized as a three and half year-old child; about 3 feet tall. It has 53 degrees of freedom, including articulated hands that are used for manipulation and gesturing.

iCub robot, like a human child and it is a fine simulation of a human child. The iCub is able to crawl and walk, make human-like eye and head movements and recognise and grasp objects.

HRP-4C(Robot)

• The HRP-4C is a female humanoid robot, created by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, a Japanese research facility, and publicly demonstrated on March 16, 2009.

• She is 158 centimeters (5 feet, 2 inches) tall, weighing 43 kilos (95 pounds), including her battery.

• She is capable of recognizing ambient sounds and, by using the vocal synthesizer Vocalic, can sing.

Conti…

• HRP-4C has a realistic head and the average figure of a young Japanese female.

• It can move like a human and responds based on speech recognition.

• It is expected to be used in the entertainment industry and as a human simulator for evaluation of devices.

AIBO(Robot)

• AIBO (Artificial Intelligence roBOt ) was one of several types of robotic pets designed and manufactured by Sony.

• AIBO is able to walk, "see" its environment via camera and recognize spoken commands in Spanish and English.

• AIBO is capable of six feelings - happiness, sadness, fear, dislike, surprise, and anger.

Conti…

• It can respond to voice commands, detect obstacles, plays tricks, and more.

• There are 28 LED lights on the Illume-Face display, and Aibo shows various expressions by changing the pattern of lights. Aibo uses its camera and microphone to remember your face and voice as its owner.

Foster-Miller TALON

• The Foster-Miller TALON robot is a small, tracked military robot designed for missions ranging from reconnaissance to combat.

• Foster-Miller claims the TALON is one of the fastest robots in production, one that can travel through sand, water, and snow (up to 100 feet deep) as well as climb stairs.

Conti…• The TALON transmits in color, black and

white, infrared, and/or night vision to its operator, who may be up to 1,000 m away. It can run off lithium-ion batteries for a maximum of 7 days on standby independently before needing recharging.

• SWORDS or the Special Weapons Observation Reconnaissance Detection System, is a weaponized version being developed by Foster-Miller for the US Army. The robot is composed of a weapons system mounted on the standard TALON chassis.

Conclusion

Although most robots in use today are designed for specific tasks, the goal is to make universal robots, robots flexible enough to do just about anything a human can do.

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