Robert Wade AP World HistoryRobert Wade AP World History

Bryan Adams High SchoolBryan Adams High School

Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.

Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book

The Prophetic Tradition

The Prophetic Tradition

Adam

Noah

Abraham

Moses

Jesus

Muhammad

Muhammad: The ProphetMuhammad: The Prophet• Pre- Islamic Arabia was made up of Pre- Islamic Arabia was made up of

primarily Bedouin nomads, trade cities primarily Bedouin nomads, trade cities such as Mecca and Medina did existsuch as Mecca and Medina did exist

• Muhammad was an honest, successful Muhammad was an honest, successful merchant who married an older widowmerchant who married an older widow

• He received revelations from Gabriel He received revelations from Gabriel and set these down in the and set these down in the Qur’anQur’an

• The The HadithHadith, a collection of sayings of , a collection of sayings of Muhammad were written later, along Muhammad were written later, along with a body of laws called the with a body of laws called the Shari’aShari’a

The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.

114 suras (chapters).

In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.

Islamic Religious Practices

Islamic Religious Practices Up to four wives allowed at

once.

Widows inherit a share of estate

Was patriarchal, was polygamous

No alcohol or pork, no gambling

Regulated treatment of others

Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

1. The Shahada1. The Shahada

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The testimony.

The declaration of faith:There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

There is no god worthy of There is no god worthy of worship except God, andworship except God, andMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Prophet].Messenger [or Prophet].

2. The Salat2. The Salat

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The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

3. The Zakat3. The Zakat

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Almsgiving (charitable donations).

Muslims believe that all things belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.

4. The Sawm4. The Sawm

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Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.

Considered a method of self- purification.

No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

5. The Hajj5. The Hajj

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The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

The Dar al-Islam

The Dar al-Islam

11 22 33 44 55

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The WorldThe Worldof Islamof Islam

The Growth of IslamThe Growth of Islam• In 622 Muhammad was forced to flee In 622 Muhammad was forced to flee

Mecca for Medina (Mecca for Medina (Hijrah) Hijrah) by fearfulby fearful merchants who saw him as a threatmerchants who saw him as a threat

• In 632 he and 1,000 followers took In 632 he and 1,000 followers took Mecca, but he died a short time laterMecca, but he died a short time later

• Abu Bakr, a loyal follower succeeded Abu Bakr, a loyal follower succeeded him, and Umar succeeded himhim, and Umar succeeded him

• Both attracted large followings with Both attracted large followings with impressive military conquests, taking impressive military conquests, taking Jerusalem and defeating the Byzantine Jerusalem and defeating the Byzantine army at the battle of Yarmukarmy at the battle of Yarmuk

Spread of IslamSpread of Islam• Umar was succeeded by Uthman who Umar was succeeded by Uthman who

was assassinated by a group of rebelswas assassinated by a group of rebels

• Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad, was Ali, son-in-law of Muhammad, was chosen as successor, but not likedchosen as successor, but not liked

• Mu’awiyah challenged Ali at battle of Mu’awiyah challenged Ali at battle of Siffan and many chose to follow himSiffan and many chose to follow him

• A group of A group of KharijitesKharijites assassinated Ali assassinated Ali and Mu’awiyah declared himself Caliphand Mu’awiyah declared himself Caliph

• The new Umayyad dynasty made The new Umayyad dynasty made many conquests, from Spain to India many conquests, from Spain to India

The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.

Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.

Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

The Split in IslamThe Split in Islam• Ali’s younger son, Husayn challenged Ali’s younger son, Husayn challenged

Yazid, son of Mu’awiyah at battle of Yazid, son of Mu’awiyah at battle of Kerbala, was defeated but gave rise to Kerbala, was defeated but gave rise to the Shi’a who believe that leaders must the Shi’a who believe that leaders must come from the family of Muhammad come from the family of Muhammad

• Imams (leaders) come through Husayn Imams (leaders) come through Husayn and and mullahsmullahs (clergy) (clergy) provide leadership provide leadership with with ayatollahs ayatollahs being at the very topbeing at the very top

• As the Umayyads became more As the Umayyads became more secular they were overthrown by the secular they were overthrown by the Abbasids led by Abu al-AbbasAbbasids led by Abu al-Abbas