ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON - iessandoval.netiessandoval.net/sandoval/joinus/join08/join208.pdf · obert...

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Robert LouisStevenson wasborn in Edinburgh

on 13th November 1850.When he was a child, hedidn't go to school. Whenhe was a teenager, hetravelled with his fatheraround the world.He went to the Universityof Edinburgh. He studiedengineering, but he did-n't like it. He became alawyer and then a writer.In 1876, he met FannyOsbourne and fell in love

with her. In 1878, hewrote his first book.When he was thirty yearsold he married Fanny in1880. After that, hewrote "The Strange Caseof Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde"and "Treasure Island".Three years later, theymoved to New York. InNew York, he met MarkTwain. He died of a brainattack on a Pacific Southisland on 3rd December1894.

ROBERT LOUISSTEVENSONSergio Calvo del Valle S4º B

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JOIN US/ TU NOUS REJOINS? Nº 23 I.E.S. CARDENAL SANDOVAL Y ROJAS 19

aryM ShelleyMary Shelley was born in Edinburgh in

1797. She was the daughter of WilliamWollstonecraft, both writers and famous

people of that time. When Mary was sixteen,she ran away to Europe with the famous poet,Percy Bysshe Shelley, and married him twoyears later. They lived in Italy until Shelley'sdeath in 1822. Then, Mary returned to Englandwith her son Percy.She wrote many books during her life but todayshe is remembered only for her first novel,Frankenstein. The idea for this novel comesfrom Lord Byron, another well-known English poet, at his villa near Lake Geneva. Onestormy night Byron suggested that everyoneshould write a ghoststory. Mary did nothave any ideas, butwhen she had adream about a mons-ter, Frankenstein wasborn. We can see herworries about preg-nancy and childbirthat this time. She wasexpecting a babywhen she wrote abook and one of herchildren had alreadydied young.

David López AlcaldeDiego González BocigasS4º B

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His parents were AbrahamStoker and the feministCharlotte Thornley, who had

seven children: Rose, Jack,Yoaquen, Johan, Jason and Jumy.They were a hardworking, humble,bourgeois family and their onlyfortune was culture. Bram spent his first seven years inbed because of his bad health, hesuffered from different diseasesand he studied at home with pri-vate teachers while his mum toldhim mystery and ghost storiesthat influenced Bram a lot. Laterin 1864, he studied at the "TrinityCollege", and he got a degree inMaths and Sciences in 1870.A few years later, he worked as acivil servant in "Dublin Castle" andas a theatre critic in the "DublinEvening Mail", he also wrote seve-ral theatre plays published inmany newspapers.His first terror stories were publis-hed in the magazine "Shamrock"like "The Crystal Cup", in 1872. Heused to write at night because hefelt more inspired. In 1876 he leftIreland to go to London with theactor Henry Irving who had con-tracted him as his representative

and secretary after he readBram's critic about "Hamlet".They both directed the "Lyceumcentre" but Stoker becameIrving's slave and he did whateverhe said until Irving died in 1905without leaving anything of hishuge fortune to Bram. In 1878Stoker married FlorenceBalcome, an old girlfriend of hisfriend Oscar Wilde, and they hada son called Noel. In 1890, hepublished his first book "TheBeauties of Clerks of PettySessions in Ireland" (1894) andothers like "The Snake's Pass"(1890), "Crooked sands" (1894),"Miss Betty" (1898), " The Jewelof Seven Stars" (1903), "The Ladyof the Shroud" (1909) or "TheLair of the White Worm" (1911).Bram Stoker died of syphilis onthe 20th of April 1912 at the ageof 64. he died in a humble andpestilent hostel in London and inhis last minutes of life he could-n't stop pronouncing the word"Strigory" that means vampire inRomanian, the creature that hehad investigated so much for hiswork "Dracula".

BramStoker

Inés García Arribas S4ºB

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Ian Mcgregor

He was born in Crieff,Perthshire (Scottland).His parents were both

teachers. He has a two-yearolder brother who is a pilot forthe Real Air Forces in theUnited Kingdom and who hasthree little daughters.He has always been attractedby the show business and heleft school to join a Scottishtheatre company to study the-atre in Crieff and London.As soon as he left the DramaSchool, he began to work onTV series, and later, he startedworking in movies with"Being human" with RobinWilliams. This provided him

the chance to work in DanyBoyle's new film "ShallowGrave", where he played theleading character.In 1995, he married EvaMavrakis and they have twochildren. He became famousin 1996, thanks to his role in"Trainspotting".In the next years, he took partin many films but they weren'twell known until he was cho-sen to perform the characterObi Wan Kenobi in "StarWars" in 1998 with the title of"Star Wars: episode I -Thephantom menace".Since that moment, his filmsbecame better known and he

started to get better roles, like"Moulin Rouge" with NicoleKidman and he got a GoldGlobe nomination as Bestactor in a musical, or "BlackHowk Down" that was shownfor the first time the sameyear as the second part of“Star Wars: Attack of the clo-nes". But he didn't want to bealways in the role of the Jediso he took part in other kindsof films like "Down with love"and "Big fish" by Tim Burton.

Inés García ArribasBelén de las HerasS4ºB

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markknopflera great artist from Scotland

ERIKA URETA ÁLVAREZNURIA GONZALEZMARIA IGLESIASOMAR PECHARROMANS4º C

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Mark Knopfler wasborn in August 12th,1949, in Glasgow, a

city of Scotland. He is a Britishguitarist, singer, songwriter,and sometimes film scorecomposer. Knopfler was origi-nally best-known as the leadguitarist and vocalist for theEnglish rock band, DireStraits, which he co-foundedin 1977 with his brother.Following the dissolution ofDire Straits in 1995, Knopflerhas continued recording andproducing albums as a soloartist, under his own name.Occasionally, Knopfler has pla-yed in other groups, such asthe Notting Hillbillies , and hasguested on works by otherartists, including Bob Dylan,Bryan Ferry, Eric Clapton, JohnFogerty, and other famous sin-gers. He has produced albumsfor artists such as Tina Turner,Randy Newman, Bob Dylanand Emmylou Harris. In addi-tion, he has scored the musicto several films.He is one of the most respec-ted fingerstyle guitarists of themodern rock era. Knopflerwas ranked 27 on RollingStone magazine's list of "100Greatest Guitarists of AllTime".The family first moved toScotland, but then settled inKnopfler's mother's hometown of Newcastle Upon Tynein the north-east of Englandwhen he was nine years old.There, he and his younger bro-ther David (also a musician)

attended Gosford GrammarSchool, where he was inspiredby his uncle Kingsley's harmo-nica and boogie-woogiepianoplaying. Later, in his teens, hewanted to buy an expensiveflamingo-pink FenderStratocaster just like HankMarvin’s. Like many otherschoolboys of the 1960s, heserved an early apprentice-ship by forming and joininganonymous schoolboy bandsand listening to singers likeElvis Presley and guitaristslike Chet Atkins, Scotty Moore,Jimi Hendrix and JamesBurton. At sixteen he made alocal TV appearance as half ofa harmony duo along with afriend from school named SueHercombe. In 1967, having displayed aflair for English, Knopfler stu-died journalism for a year atHarlow Technical College. Atthe end of the course, hesecured a job in Leeds as ajunior reporter on theYorkshire Evenig Post. Twoyears later, he decided to fur-ther his studies and graduatedwith a degree in English at theUniversity of Leeds. He wor-ked as a lecturer at LoughtonCollege during this period. Itwas while Knopfler was livingin Leeds that he marriedKathy White, his long-time girl-friend from school days, howe-ver, the marriage didn't last. After separating from his wife,he moved to London and joined a High Wicombe basedband called Brewers Droop,

appearing on the album "TheBooze Brothers". One nightwhile spending some timewith friends, the only guitaravailable was an old acousticwith a badly warped neck thathad been strung with extra-light strings to make it playa-ble. Even so, he found itimpossible to play unless hefinger-picked it. He said in alater interview, "That waswhere I found my 'voice' onguitar." Soon after he recor-ded a "demo" tape of an origi-nal song: "Summer's ComingMy Way", in a London studio.Mark Knopfler’s musical styleis noted for being left-handed,but playing right-handed, andfor fingerpicking (using a per-sonal variant of the clawham-mer style) instead of using aplectrum fingerpicking.He isusually associated with thea-coustic guitar, but Knopflerusually (though not always)plays an electric guitar.Knopfler revealed during aFrench interview that he usesa pick for his rhythm workduring recording sessions.Knopfler surprised the inter-viewer by pulling a pick out ofhis pocket and saying that heusually carries one. He hasaround 70 guitars.Knopfler's audience has

grown to reach six continents;he is known to his audiencesfor his affable manner, humo-rous banter and amiableaudience interaction duringperformances.

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NortherN ireLAND

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Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland.Belfast is situated on Ireland’s easterncoast.It has 276.459 habitants (2001 cen-

sus); Belfast is located on the western end ofBelfast Lough and at the mouth of the river Lagan,in an ideal location for the shipbuilding industry.The site of Belfast has been occupied since theBonze Age. Belfast remained a small settlementof little importance during the Middle Age. This citybecame an important settlement in the 17th cen-tury. Belfast has been the capital of NorthernIreland since its creation in 1920 by theGovernment of Ireland Act. At the end of the lastcentury, Belfast suffered from terrorist attacks.These attacks were performed by the IRA.

BELFAST

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT BELFASTThe Titanic was built in Belfast in 1912The university of Belfast, Queen University, isthe main university in the cityBelfast has a Catholic area around Falls Roadand a Protestant area around Shankill Rd.These areas are full of murals about the“troubles” that took place in this part of theUnited Kingdom in the past.

Miguel PalomoJosé Ramón MozoS4º B


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Irish people often talk about the sad destiny of a young man called Borno. He was very hand-some, and he was known as the favourite of the gods.One day he was at the top of a mountain with his donkey and his cart full of jugs, which hehad to fill with water. From there he could see the sea in the distance and nearby, there weresome old trees, and a small lake surrounded by stones. Borno let the donkey drink and thentook the vats down to the lake and began to fill them with water. He stopped a moment torest, but before doing the work that they had ordered him, he sat near the lake enjoying thefresh air and listening to the cicadas sing. Suddenly the lilies began to tremble and the water rippled and whispered when it crashedagainst the stones. Then, an infinitely beautiful and mysterious woman appeared amongst thewater lilies . Her skin was whiter than snow, her eyes were green like the leaves of trees, andher dark hair was falling into the water. She raised a hand, and Borno came near her. Suddenly he was unsteady and moved back. -You aren’t mortal- he said.The girl smiled, and nodded, and then the boy bent over the lake. When he was taking somewater, the woman held him very hard until finally he fell into the lake, where humans couldn’tlive, and where only aquatic creatures could survive. The next day Borno’s friends found the donkey in the fields, braying sadly. They went to thelake, and found the jugs empty on the ground. They looked for their friend, but he wasn’t any-where.When they finished the search, they felt that there was some magic in the air near the water.A few months later some Irish people wrote a song that told the story of how Borno was kid-napped by the nymph of the lake, and people sang this song while they were getting their har-vests in.

Virginia Rodríguez Ortega 3D E S O

AnIrish

legend


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The famous tea

Myth or reality?Nobody knows exactly the date when teastarted being drunk in China. About the year520 a Hindu monk cut his eyelids to be keptawake during his meditations and, a plant oftea grew on the piece of land in which theyfell down.Another story says that tea was known inChina by the time of Three Kingdoms andthe habit of drinking was spread to all thesocial classes in China.

In the old times, a group ofChinese people in Fuxion, aChinese province, got to know theexistence of a plant which wascalled “tcha, cha, tee”.Some centuries later, the DuchessAna of Bedford, called it “tea”.

In the old times, a group ofChinese people in Fuxion, aChinese province, got to know theexistence of a plant which wascalled “tcha, cha, tee”.Some centuries later, the DuchessAna of Bedford, called it “tea”.

Lorena Herranz Rocío Monzón,1ºB Bach.

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Its expansion...In a short time tea invaded English andFrench territory, the east of Europe andalso Russia. However, Spain andGermany preferred drinking coffee.England conquered the Indian territoryand with it the trade of the herb at verylow prices. Ladies used to meet to enjoythe new drink with cookies.Duchess Ana of Bedford took up the habitof drinking a cup of tea at five because atthis time she had “a strange sensation ofcollapse”, and she needed a comfortingcup of tea.

Nowadays...Europeans value its medicinal propertiesvery much and people from Englandhaven’t stopped drinking it since theytasted it. In The United States all existingvarieties of tea are sold everywhere. InMexico a new lounge of tea is openedevery day.

HHooww ttoo mmaakkee aa ccuupp ooff ggeennuuiinnee EEnngglliisshh tteeaa......

First, fill the kettle with water.Then, boil the water.Warm the teapot.Put some tea into the teapot.After that, fill the teapot with boiling water.Leave it for a few minutes.Pour the tea into the cup and put some cold milk into thecup.Serve it with scones, jam and clotted cream. Enjoy it!

Scones, jam and clotted cream

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Rockiinn

CanadaCanadian rock bands may not be as well-kknown as

bands from other countries, but in the last years theirpopularity has increased by leaps and bounds. Someof these bands are Simple Plan, Sum 41, Billy Talent,

Nickelback, Silverstein and GOB.

Harold Giraldo Henao B1ºB

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Sum41Sum 41 is a Canadian punk-rock

band from Ajax, Ontario. Its mem-bers are Deryck Whibley (singer,

guitarrist), Cone McCaslin (bassist) andSteve Jocz (drummer). The band got thisname because it was created 41 daysafter the summer of 1996 started.They have got five albums: "Half Hour ofPower", "All Killer no Filler", "Does ThisLook Infected?", "Chuck" and "Underclass Hero"."Half Hour of Power" was launched inJune 2000. Their first single was "Makesno Difference", which is the best song onthis CD."All Killer No Filler" was launched in May2001. The first single was "Fat Lip", whichinstantly became a huge hit, reaching thefirst place in radio stations. The populari-ty of the band increased quickly. Othersongs were "In Too Deep" and"Motivation", which are great songs.

In November 2003, Sum 41 released"Does This Look Infected?". Sum 41altered their style slightly, it was a bitheavier, while keeping the smooth har-monies they had become known for. Thefirst single released was "Still Waiting",the video of which was a parody of one of"The Strokes" videos. After the hit "StillWaiting", they followed up with "The HellSong" and "Over my Head"The next album was "Chuck". This albumgot the name from "Chuck"(CharlesPelltier). Sum 41 were in DemocraticRepublic of Congo recording a documen-tary about the war in Congo. A few daysafter their arrival, fighting broke out nearthe hotel the band was staying at. Theband waited for the firing to die down, butit never did. A U.N. peacekeeper, CharlesPelletier, called for armored vehicles totake the hotel costumers out of the hotzone. After nearly six hours, the carriers

arrived, and the band and the forty othercivilians were taken to safety. The bandnamed their next album "Chuck" in honorof Pelletier for taking them to safety."Chuck" was released in October 2004. Itwas a heavy album in a more serioustone, without the humour of previousreleases. The fist single was "We're all toBlame" which says: "we're all to blame,we've gone from pride to shame, we'rehopelessly blissful and bind and wealways want it all with no sacrifice". Inthis song they compare our lives withother people's ones. They followed upwith "Pieces", a relative soft song whichreached the top of the charts inCanada.The next single was "Some say".My favourite songs of this album are theprevious named songs, "Angels with DirtyFaces" and "Noots". The song "Moron"was composed for the album "Rockagainst Bush"The recording of the band's fifth studioalbum, "Underclass Hero", began onNovember 8th, 2006 and was finished onMarch 14th, 2007. The first single is"Underclass Hero", The second one is"Walking Disaster" and the third is "Withme". This album is very different fromprevious ones. They always try to createcontroversy, with shocking lyrics andnoisy melodies. For example the song"March of the dogs" starts by saying: "Thepresident of the United States ofAmerica... is DEAD". Critizicing politics,calling underclass for revolution are themain themes in this album. However it is,they are sure that we're running out oftime and as they say in one of their songs" the end is closer than it's too far". I lovethis album because it's full of greatsongs, such as "Speak of the Devil", "Contyour last Blessing" and "March of theDogs". This album has even a song inFrench. Sum 41 songs are unique. Mostof them start talking in a whisper andthen they become a loud melody.I recommend specially their last songsbecause they are better than the firstones. They are more mature musicallybut they are still rude as they were intheir origin. Sum 41 has become animportant punk band all over the world.


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Simple Plan is a FrenchCanadian pop punk bandfrom Montreal, Quebec. Its

members are: Pierre Bouvier(sin-ger), David Desrosiers (bassist),Sébastien Lefebvre (guitarist), JeffStinco (guitarist) y Chuck Comeau(drummer). So far the band hasreleased three albums: No Pads,No Helmets...Just Balls (2002), StillNot Getting Any…(2004), andSimple Plan (2008).Simple Plan began in 1995 withthe formation of a band namedReset by friends Pierre Bouvier,"Chuck" Comeau, PhilippeJolicoeur, and Adrian White. Resettoured around Canada with bandssuch as MxPx, Ten Foot Pole, andFace to Face, but they only gainmodest popularity. The debutalbum, No Worries, was released in1998, and Comeau left soon afterto go to college. In 1999, Comeauand Bouvier reacquainted at aSugar Ray concert and Bouvier leftReset soon after to join Comeau.The origin of the band name is obs-cure. Band members have givenseveral answers on this point,

including a liking for the movie ASimple Plan. They said that theband was their simple plan toavoid getting a "real" job; and thatthe name was only intended to betemporary, but they never thoughtof anything better.In 2002, Simple Plan releasedtheir first studio album, No Pads,No Helmets...Just Balls, whose sin-gles were "I'm Just a Kid", "I'd DoAnything", "Addicted", and"Perfect". The name of the CDechoes the popular tag line for thesport of rugby, "No pads, no hel-mets, no pussies". This album isyoung, rowdy, and very funny. It's acollection of punk tracks on thesame wavelength that GoodCharlotte, Sum 41 or Blink 182:fast funny songs with catchy choru-ses, which talk about party, girlsand more party.In 2004, Simple Plan releasedtheir second studio album, “StillNot Getting Any..”. whose singleswere "Welcome to My Life", "ShutUp!", "Untitled" and "Crazy". Thisalbum is better, smarter and fun-nier than the first. "Still Not Getting

Any..." showed a dramaticchange in Simple Plan's styleas well. They still kept theirstyle of downbeat lyrics mat-ched to upbeat music, butmanaged to transcend fromthe standard pop-punkgenre.The band continues inthe same line that in its debut

with songs which are gripping andlyrics that talk about general frus-trations. To get this, they use lyricsthat talk about scepticism -PerfectWorld-, distrust -Thank You-, super-ficiality -Crazy- which are coveredby a balm of punk-pop. The generalslant of this album tends towarddeeper and more mature lyricalthemes, as well as a more mains-tream sound that moves awayfrom the pure pop-punk style oftheir last album.Their third album "Simple Plan"was released in February 2008.This album is so different becauseit has hip hop rythms and it evenhas a ballad. The result is an ener-gic combination of classic punk,rock and pop sounds that makeSimple Plan a young and freshband with an unmistakable ownmark. I recommend all their songs toeverybody because they are thekings of the pop ditty, they havegreat melodies and grand lyrics,which make of them one of thebest bands of Pop-Punk.

SimplePLAN

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BillyTalent

Billy Talent is a Canadian rockband from Mississagua,Ontario. It was formed in 1993.

The band consists of BenjaminKowalewicz (singer), Ian D’Sa (gui-tarist), Jonathan Gallant (bassist) andAaron Solowoniuk (drummer). Theyhave got three albums: “Watoosh!”,“Billy Talent” and “Billy Talent II”.Although they are often described ashaving punk rock roots, they did not“emulate popular bands at the time.”The sound is original and unique,something different that they recog-nized when they started playingtogether. The members met andplayed in high school under the namePezz. Pezz changed their band namein 1999, after an American band withthe same name threatened to suethem. Billy Talent would become theirnew name, inspired by the guitarist“Billy Tallent” from Michael Turner’snovel Hard Core Logo.In 1998, they released “Watoosh!”

Their first album. The music began totransform from a raw rap-rock songsinto “catchy and angst-ridden poppunk anthems”. In “Watoosh!” theband mixed multiple genres andmaking diverse songs on the samealbum, stretching from hip hop toindie and ska. Although they werepopular in the indie scene in Toronto,it did not reach large mainstreamsales levels.In 2003, they released “Billy Talent”.The album found considerable masssupport and sales success. “TryHonesty” was the first single, and wasfollowed by other singles “The Ex”,“River Below”, and “Nothing To Lose”.The style of this album is a more col-lected sound, something that they’vedescribed as their defining sound.In 2006, they released “Billy TalentII”. It was a successful album andreached at number 1 on theCanadian and German charts. AsJonathan said the general theme of

this record is trust, the lack thereof orbreaking up. That seemed to fuel therecord. Most of the songs dealt withreal-life issues. On Billy Talent II, theband altered their sound again,based on emotional compositions,more calmed down and collectedthan their previous work. It was alsobased on a far less angst-ridden andaggressive production, somethingthat was known factor behind their

debut. While this change was appar-ent on many of the songs, they keptthe hints of hard rock, but with lessscreaming and more singing by Ben.“Devil In A Midnight Mass” was thefirst single. “Red Flag” was releasedas the second single, the third singlewas “Fallen Leaves” and the forthwas “Surrender”.I recommend especially “Billy TalentII” songs because they are moremature songs, yet they are energeticand amazing songs.


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U2is a rock bandfrom Dublin(Ireland). It was

formed in 1976; U2 has beena very popular band in theworld since the mid-1980s.The band has sold more than170 million copies around theworld. With six albums in theUnited States and nine in theUnited Kingdom, it‘s one of thegroups with bigger success ofall the times. They have beenrewarded with 22 GrammyAwards.The band was formed when

Bono (vocalist and guitarist),The Edge (guitarist, keyboardand vocalist) and AdamClayton (baser) answered to anadvert by Larry Mullen Jr.(drummer). At that momentthe members of the bandwere teenagers with limitedknowledge of music. By themiddle of the 1980s, however,they had become an interna-tional top group with four cd’sreleased.They reached the fame withtheir famous first project TheJoshua Tree. Since 2000, U2

have pursued a more traditio-nal sound that retains theinfluence of their musicalexplorations.Rolling Stone Magazine listedU2 in their list of the 100greatest artists of all time.Throughout their career, as aband and as individuals, theyhave campaigned for humanrights and social justice cau-ses, including AmnestyInternational, the ONECampaign, and Bono’s DATA(Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa)campaign).

U2Lucia VelascoMaria SanchoS4º A

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Le troubadour et la figu-re du rock et le jazz estmort aujourd’hui à

Paris à 90 ans, victime d’unanévrisme. En 2006 il a sortison dernier album, dont letitre « Révérence » était élo-quent, et il a dit au revoiraux concerts décembre der-nier avec un concert auPalais de Congrès de Paris. Salvateur avait une voix par-ticulière et son mélange derythmes des Caraïbes et bré-siliens avec du rock et dujazz a été déterminant dansle paysage de la chansonpopulaire française .Cette figure de la musiquefrançaise est née le 18 juillet1917 en Cayenne (Guayennefrançaise) et est décédée vic-time d’un anévrisme dansson domicile parisien. Fidèle exposant du français

de Bohème, Salvateur aporté le rock à Paris avecl’auteur surréaliste BorisVian, aux temps où il jouaitparfois de la guitare dans lesbars de Montparnasse avecla figure du jazz DjaïnReinhardt. Il a été récompensé avecplusieurs prix «Victoires» dela musique française et avecla Légion d’Honneur. Il areçu en 2005 une décora-tion brésilienne des mainsdu chanteur et ministre deCulture Gilberto Gil par sacontribution à la diffusion dela musique du Brésil, en par-ticulier la bossa nova, avec «Dans mon Œ le». Salvateur, qui à 12 ans estarrivé avec sa famille enFrance métropolitaine et en1941 est parvenu à s’enfuirde l’occupation allemande, il

s’est alors incorporé à l’or-chestre de Ray Ventura, aveclequel il a parcouru le Brésilet d’autres pays del’Amérique du Sud, en pleineII Guerre Mondiale. En 1949, il a connu celle quiserait sa femme et agent,Jacqueline, et il publie«LeLoup, La Biche et LeChevalier », qui sera commeun classique de son répertoi-re avec le nom « deChanson douce », dontbeaucoup d’enfants ont puen jouir. Dans les 80 et 90, Salvateurest retourné à la premièrescène de la main du nou-veau enfant gâté de la chan-son française, BenjaminBiolay, celui qui avec KereAnn l’a composé plusieursde ses chansons.

Natalia Abejón 2º Bach A

Le décès d’ Henri Salvateurtait la musique française

HenriSalvateur


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TheRacesOFOFAscot

Rooyyaall AAssccoott iiss tthhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt rraacceehhoorrssee iinn EEuurrooppee.. IItt bbeeggiinnss oonn aaTTuueessddaayy iinn tthhee mmiiddddllee ooff JJuunnee aanndd iitt ffiinniisshheess ffoouurr ddaayyss llaatteerr.. MMoosstt mmeemm-bbeerrss ooff hhiigghh ssoocciieettyy aatttteenndd tthheerree eevveerryy yyeeaarr..

RROOYYAALL PPRREESSEENNCCEEAAssccoott iiss aa rraacceettrraacckk tthhaatt hhaass aa lloott ttoo ddoo wwiitthh tthhee BBrriittiisshh CCrroowwnn.. IIttss ggrreeaatt ppooppuu-llaarriittyy ffoorr tthhee eevveenntt iiss dduuee ttoo tthhee ssuuppppoorrtt tthhaatt tthhee mmeemmbbeerrss ooff tthhee rrooyyaall ffaammiillyypprroovviiddee.. TThheeyy ooccccuuppyy aa ssppeecciiaall zzoonnee cclloosseedd ttoo tthhee ppuubblliicc ccaalllleedd ““tthhee RRooyyaallPPllaaccee””..FFiirrsstt ooff aallll,, ppaarrttiicciippaannttss hhaavvee ttoo aasskk tthhee rreepprreesseennttaattiivvee ooff tthhee qquueeeenn ppeerrmmiissssiioonnttoo ttaakkee ppaarrtt iinn tthhee rraaccee.. TThheeyy mmuusstt ggeett tthhee aapppprroovvaall ooff ttwwoo mmeemmbbeerrss ooff tthheeRRooyyaall PPllaaccee.. IItt llaassttss ffoorr sseevveenn yyeeaarrss aanndd oonnllyy tthhee bbeesstt rriiddeerrss aarree cchhoosseenn..RRooyyaall AAssccoott hhaass bbeeccoommee ppooppuullaarr,, nnoott oonnllyy ffoorr tthhee rraacceehhoorrsseess,, bbuutt aallssoo ffoorr tthheehhaattss.. WWhhiillee mmeenn wweeaarr aa vvaarriieettyy ooff ttoopp hhaattss,, wwoommeenn lloovvee ccoolloouurrffuull mmooddeellss..TThhuurrssddaayy iiss tthhee LLaaddyy’’ss DDaayy,, ssoo ddeessiiggnneerrss sshhooww tthheeiirr llaatteesstt ccrreeaattiioonnss!!

Laura Barrios S3ºB

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WWOONNDDEERRFFUULL PPRRIIZZEESS

The races (six every day) are held in four days. Tuesday, thefirst day, is considered the best. The first race is always “QueenAnne Stakes”, so named in honour of Queen Anne who startedthe Ascot races. Later, also on the first day, St. James’s Palace Stakes takes

part. It is known as Derby Ascot, horses which were not quali-fied for the Derby of Epsomcan participate . But without doubt the mostimportant race which is heldin Ascot takes place at theend of July, outside RoyalAscot. It is the Diamond Day,“King George VI” and “QueenElizabeth Stakes” take placeon the same day. Both races have a distance of 2400 metres. There is a race only for ladies, which is called the LadiesDiamond Stakes. Princess Anna won this race in 1987.Best races include the word “Stakes”.


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TheSPANISH

Armada

Enrique González Marcos S1º B

faiTS diVErs


What did the “Armada” consist of, when was it usedand who was in charge?It was a fleet of warships which were created by FelipeII . It took place between 1585 and 1604. The twosides of this war were the Kingdoms of Spain andEngland.

The fleet left Lisbon on the 19 th February, 1588. The Armada consisted of 137 ships . It was preparedby the Admiral of Castilla, Don Álvaro de Bazán, whodied.It is thought that he may have been poisoned by theEnglish. Because of this, the Spaniards had to put incharge, somebody less experienced, although veryloyal to the king: Don Alonso Pérez de Guzmán “ElBueno” y Zúñiga.

What was its purpose?The Spanish military’s aim was to direct 30.000Spanish soldiers to invade England, especially, theregion of Kent. This army, which was to be commandedby Don Alejandro Farnesio, should cross the EnglishChannel leaving from Flanders. This journey would bemade by the “Gran Armada” in smaller ships. In thisway, Felipe II wanted to invade England for 2 reasons:To avoid the English pirates attacking Spanish ships.Secondly to stop England helping those people fromFlanders who were fighting against the Spanish king.However, this was not to happen.

How did the events then develop?The Spanish fleet split up because of the terrible weather conditions at sea, in such a way that it didn’t arrive at theEnglish coast until July, 5 months after its departure. Because of this, the English had already prepared their army wellto defend England and there was no surprise factor.The first conflicts with English ships were small battles which started on the 31st of July. The Spanish Armada lost 2galleon ships in these initial battles ( The San Salvador and the Nuestra Señora del Rosario).The crews from these ship were taken prisoner and all of the provisions and abundant military equipment that theSpanish were transporting passed into English hands.It wasn’t a huge loss but it was a significant development in the adversity that the Spanish military would later face.

The only important naval battle between the 2 fleets took place on the 2 nd of August, near the Gravelinas islands. SirFrancis Drake led the English fleet. They didn’t manage to beat the Spanish despite having a greater number of boatsavailable to them (226).The English boats were smaller and more manoeuvrable than the Spanish ones but their weaponry was not to thesome standard despite the fact that each side had the same number. In the battle of Gravelinas ,which took place inthe middle of the English Channel, only 1 Spanish boat was sunk and there were 500 casualties, 300 of which wereSpanish and 200 English. The English fleet felt incapable of fighting against the Spanish at that point, and FrancisDrake withdrew.Nevertheless the situations at sea got worse, and the Spanish boats couldn’t take refuge in the ports at Flandersbecause they were controlled by rebels. Because of this many boats travelled to the North sea and the Irish sea, wheremany of them got shipwrecked and around 10.000 Spanish sailors died. Despite everything, more than half of theboats made it back home.


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What was the main cause of itsfailure?

It was a military disaster due tothe fact that as well as the enor-mous losses they didn’t achievewhat they set out to. However, thefailure has to be put down to mis-fortune caused by the storms andpoor weather conditions and notbecause of the superior skill anddetermination of the English fleetwhich, as has been previouslymentioned, caused very littledamage to the Spanish fleet.

Why was it called “Invincible”?.

The description invincible wasn’t given by the Spanish , but was usedby the English army, who always considered the Spanish fleet to be thisway mainly due to the size and the deep draft of its boats. This termhas remained throughout history as a sort of irony.The disaster of the “Invincible Armada” produced consequences whichwere equally disastrous for the Spanish Empire as the benefits wereenormous for the Kingdom of England. The war finished with an armistice asked for by England and signed inLondon which was a treaty that ultimately proved to be in Spain’sfavour.

The failure of the “Invincible Armada”

The “Invincible Armada” failure didn’t prevent the Spanish supremacy being maintained for a hundred years more,until the 18 th Century. Proof of this is that between 1590 and 1600 the Spanish out manoeuvred the English pirates(mainly John Hawkins) and in those 10 years they managed to transport more gold and silver from America than inall the previous decades.The English couldn´t celebrate the disaster of the Invincible Armada because amongst other things, there were 9000deaths from typhus and dysentery in their own ships.Despite England freeing 30.000 Spanish soldiers it didn´t prove itself to be an impossible terrain to invade . For exam-ple in 1595 (7 years later) 400 soldiers in 4 Spanish ships sent by Don Carlos of Amésquita disembarked on the bayMount in the Peninsula of Cornwall in the south west of England. Several thousand English soldiers frightened of theSpanish infantry, ran away from them. These 400 Spanish soldiers then pillaged and incinerated a large number ofpeople.

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