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![Page 1: Robert Hanner, PhD Database Working Group Chair, CBOL Global Campaign Coordinator, FISH-BOL Associate Director, Canadian Barcode of Life Network Biodiversity.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051416/56649e7f5503460f94b82ad5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Robert Hanner, PhDDatabase Working Group Chair, CBOLGlobal Campaign Coordinator, FISH-BOLAssociate Director, Canadian Barcode of Life NetworkBiodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada
The Fish Barcode of Life InitiativeThe Fish Barcode of Life Initiative
ABBI/FISH-BOL Neotropical Working Group Meeting 14 March 2007
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NATURE VOL 417, 2 MAY 2002
“Is it time for taxonomy to break with tradition and unify on the Internet?”
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Fish
Barcoding
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First publication on fish barcoding:
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Rationale for FISH-BOL
• Fish comprise nearly half of all vertebrates, yet with ~30,000 described species they are still a manageable group for demonstrating the utility of barcoding.
• As the dominant source of protein in the human diet and with an estimated $200 billion USD annual value of fisheries worldwide, fishes are of major socio-economic importance.
• With ~300,000 names recorded for fishes world wide, harmonization of names across collections is needed.
• Challenge: establish an organizational infrastructure with clear sampling and analytical protocols.
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FISH-BOL
Inaugural Fish Barcode of Life Workshop, 5-8 June 2005
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FISH-BOL takes shape…
Goal:
• Coordinate the assembly of a reference sequence library for all fish species.
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Existing collections and anticipated sampling effort:
• About 33 million fish specimens reside in museum collections; their barcode analysis will ultimately aid both the resolution of cases of synonymy and help define species concepts.
• The fixation of these specimens in formalin has led to DNA damage that makes sequencing difficult.
• Serious effort needs to be directed to the collection of fresh specimens to ensure rapid progress.
• Plans call for the initial analysis of 5 specimens of each species from each major biogeographic region.
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Barcode Acquisition
• It will be necessary to analyze some 0.5M fishes to assemble a barcode library that provides adequate geographic coverage for the estimated 30,000 species of fishes.
• Analytical protocols are in place and costs are currently about $5 per specimen.
• Because of the volume of samples and expense of capillary sequencers, it is expected that much of the DNA sequencing will be done in large-scale facilities.
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Barcode Repository and Analysis
• The FISH-BOL initiative is assembling specimen records that encompass both a DNA barcode sequence and the provenance data associated with the specimen examined.
• The Barcode of Life Data (BOLD) System (www.barcodinglife.org) provides a web-based platform that will be used for the assembly and analysis of these records.
• All of the sequence records and elements of the specimen data will subsequently migrate to GenBank and the other major genomics repositories upon publication of results.
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Organizational Structure
• The FISH-BOL campaign consists of individual projects coordinated by regional working groups that target FAO areas.
• There 10 of these regional groups, each is working to assemble and analyze fish samples from its region.
• Scientific interest will derive from comparisons that span continents and oceans, collaborations that will be fostered by the campaign.
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Methods
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www.Barcodinglife.org
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FISH-BOL to create a valuable public resource
Electronic database:
• DNA barcodes
• Specimen images
• Collection locality information
• Linkage to voucher specimens
• Valid taxonomic names
• Other collateral information such as FAO area, collector, identifier, donor, etc.
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www.Barcodinglife.org
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Project Summary Page
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Detailed View
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Process Record
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Trace File Browser
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Nearest Neighbor Summary
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Neighbor Joining Dendrogram
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Detailed View
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Detailed View
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Digital Characterization:
e-Vouchers• Enhance access to
collections• Reduce wear on
specimens• Document identity
when no morphological voucher exists
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E-vouchers:
Coryphaenoides: 12 species of grenadier in the New Zealand EEZ
Coryphaenoides striaturus Striate grenadier
Coryphaenoides subserrulatus Four rayed grenadier
Macrouridae rattails, grenadiers
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Imaging Fishes
$200 Flatbed Scanner
30 Images per Hour
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Specimen labels• ‘DNA barcode’ labels needed on vouchers (genetic epitypes).
important for bidirectional linkage between barcode records & museum collections.
Voucher Specimen Labeling is Critical
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Campaign Data – From BOLD to FISH-BOL
BOLD
CCDBBarcoding Node
SmithsonianBarcoding Node
FISH-BOLWebsite
All-BirdsWebsite
BOLNETWebsite
Distributed Information Aggregation
Individualized Data Feeds for Campaign Management
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FISH-BOL Campaign web site: www.fishbol.org
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FISH-BOL Species Lists
Global and RegionalLists
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Campaign Coordination and Community Consensus
First Case of Simultaneous Treatment by First Case of Simultaneous Treatment by
CoF/FishBase/ITISCoF/FishBase/ITIS
Acipenser multiscutatus
- not recognized by expert (V. Birstein)
- no types available
- unidentifiable name
Treated as nomen dubium, moved into synonymy table in ITIS and purged from all three checklists!
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FISH-BOL Progress
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FISH-BOL Progress
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FISH-BOL Progress
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FISH-BOL Regional Chairs Meeting, May 2006 Amsterdam
• Priority taxa (goals)• Source of specimens• Identification and
curation of vouchers• Sample preparation
and sequencing• Timetable• Support
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Regional Working Groups
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Model of Collaboration
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FAO Area critical to tracking regional progress
Central America (Areas 02, 31, 77)
South America (Areas 03, 41, 87)
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New Collaborators Protocol Available
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Regional Progress:
Region # Species # Barcoded Progress
Africa 8720 635 7%
Australia 7953 1105 14%
C. America 7383 552 7%
Europe 1929 312 16%
India 10181 866 9%
N. America 7805 860 11%
NE Asia 9483 283 3%
Oceania* 5411 619 11%
S. America 8353 403 5%
SE Asia 11034 863 8%
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Expected Benefits:
• Standardize the application of names.• Facilitate species identification for all
users, particularly in cases where traditional methods are not applicable.
• Highlight specimens that represent a range expansion of known species.
• Flag unrecognized or cryptic diversity.
• Demonstrate the value of collections and taxonomists contributing to the campaign.
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As a tool for taxonomists, DNA barcoding and FISH-BOL are pivotal for dealing with both synonymy and species discovery.
•The resulting registry of sequence accessions will unite a diverse assemblage of specimens, collections and species information.
•It will also enable the rapid identification of larval, fragmentary or otherwise ambiguous samples for regulatory and other purposes.
Summary