Robert E. Slavin Johns Hopkins University and University of York.
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Transcript of Robert E. Slavin Johns Hopkins University and University of York.
![Page 1: Robert E. Slavin Johns Hopkins University and University of York.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697bfd01a28abf838caa473/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Robert E. SlavinJohns Hopkins University and University of York
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Poor reading has substantial negative effect on life chances
Governments make large investments in early reading interventions
What works for struggling readers?
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Exhaustive Search Inclusion Criteria
◦ Grades 1-5, Low Achievers◦ Control Group – Random or Matched◦ Pretests matched within 0.5 SD◦ Posttests independent of treatment
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Almost all successful programs emphasize structured, systematic phonics
One-to-one tutoring by teachers ◦ Programs focused on phonics: ES=+0.69 (10)◦ Programs less focused on phonics: ES=+0.23 (9)
Within-study comparisons favor phonics in 1-1
◦ Difference: ES=+0.18 (5) But, adopting phonetic texts, software, or
professional development is not sufficient
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Children tutored with phonetic programs by certified teachers gain much more than those tutored by paraprofessionals and volunteers.
Teacher tutors: ES=+0.69 (10)Para/volunteer tutors: ES=+0.24 (18)
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Children taught phonetic programs one-to-one gain much more
Teacher tutors: ES=+0.69 (10) Para/volunteer tutors: ES=+0.24 (18) Small groups: ES=+0.31 (18)
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Classroom instructional process programs (mostly cooperative learning) work very well.
Classroom instructional process: ES=+0.56 (16)
Phonetic tutoring by teachers: ES=+0.69 (10)
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Combination of phonics, cooperative learning, and tutoring (Success for All) has best long-term effects
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Invest first in professional development for classroom teachers
Tutoring works, but paraprofessional tutors work almost as well as teachers
Small group tutorials are much less effective than one-to-one
Structured, phonetic approaches appear necessary but not sufficient
Combination of phonics, cooperative learning, and tutoring (Success for All) works best in the long term