Roadside Chemical Usage Guidelines (2008 edition)govdocs.nebraska.gov/epubs/R6000/H052-2008.pdf ·...

RRooaaddssiiddee CChheemmiiccaall UUssaaggee GGuuiiddeelliinneess

22000088 EEddiittiioonn Updated May 2008

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TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss Introduction: The Importance of Roadside Vegetation Management

General Nebraska Weed Information ................................................................................. 2 Nebraska Noxious Weeds ................................................................................................ 3 NE Dept of Agriculture Noxious Weed Program Info ....................................................... 3 Map of Weed Management Areas ................................................................................... 4 List of Vegetation Management Websites ........................................................................ 5 Control Calendar .............................................................................................................. 6 Guidelines & Forms ............................................................................................................. 7 Certification of Chemical Applicators ............................................................................... 8 Pesticide Application Report ............................................................................................ 8 Chemical Additives & Accessories .................................................................................... 10 Dye ............................................................................................................................. 11 Surfactant ................................................................................................................... 11 Drift Control ................................................................................................................ 11 Insect Control ........................................................................................................... 11 Insect Control – Lawns ......................................................................................... 11 Insect Control – Right of Way ............................................................................... 11 Weed Control ............................................................................................................ 11 Lawns ................................................................................................................... 11 Right of Way ......................................................................................................... 11 General Vegetation Control ..................................................................................... 11 Guardrail Vegetation ............................................................................................ 12 Noxious Weed Control ............................................................................................. 14 Thistle Control – Spot Spraying ............................................................................ 14 Canada Thistle ..................................................................................................... 14 Leafy Spurge Alternate Recipe ........................................................................... 15 Purple Loosestrife ................................................................................................ 15 Salt Cedar ............................................................................................................ 16 Common Reed ..................................................................................................... 16 Bindweed .............................................................................................................. 17 Sericea Lespedeza ............................................................................................... 17 Woolly Bursage .................................................................................................... 17 Houndstongue ...................................................................................................... 17 Yellow Bedstraw ................................................................................................... 17 Wetland Vegetation Control .................................................................................... 18 Wetland Noxious Weed Control & Brush Control ................................................. 18 Wetland Volunteer Tree & Noxious Weed Control ............................................... 18 Tree, Brush & Stump Control .................................................................................. 19 Cut Stump Herbicides for Fall & Winter ................................................................ 20 Red Cedar Control for Cedars 3 ft. & Smaller ...................................................... 20 Tree Control with Dormant Basal Treatment ........................................................ 21

Herbicide Information Table .................................................................................... 22 Sprayer Calibration Info .......................................................................................... 24

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The Importance of Roadside Vegetation Management

Keeping Nebraska’s highways safe for those who travel includes the careful management and control of roadside vegetation. (“Vegetation” as referenced here includes grasses, wildflowers, shrubs, brush, and trees.) This includes, but is not be limited to, vegetation in the “clear zone” area, that part of the right of way that must remain free of obstructions.

Some examples are:

Vegetation that hinders the visibility of traffic approaching any intersection.

Vegetation overhanging or encroaching upon a right of way.

Note: The State has the right to cut vegetation overhanging its right-of-way to protect the traveling public. In the event of a tree trunk on private property with limbs overhanging state right of way, this may be done without the consent of the private owner since one does not have the right to encroach upon State right-of-way in any manner.

Safety is foremost in our landscape management and design. Common sense must prevail in the placement and/or maintenance of vegetation so safety hazards are not created or allowed to continue, once noted. Safety of NDOR employees and the environment are other concerns that have influenced the choice of chemicals and methods recommended in this document. If an effective alternative to a restricted use pesticide is available, that is preferable to one of restricted use. Since many of the soils in Nebraska are porous and groundwater is a limited resource, pesticides least likely to contaminate groundwater or surface water are preferred to those that pose such a risk. NDOR also has a responsibility to make sure chemicals applied to the right-of-way stay there. If you have concerns or questions about the treatments recommended in this document, please contact Alison Krohn with the Roadway Stabilization Unit: [email protected], (402) 479-3642

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NNeebbrraasskkaa WWeeeedd IInnffoo

Questions about the information in this section should be directed to Alison Krohn at (402) 479-3642

Email: [email protected]

(ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS)

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Nebraska Noxious Weeds 1. Leafy Spurge .......................................................................................... Statewide

2. Musk Thistle ........................................................................................... Statewide

3. Canada Thistle ....................................................................................... Statewide

4. Plumeless Thistle ................................................................................... Statewide

5. Diffuse Knapweed .................................................................................. Statewide

6. Spotted Knapweed ................................................................................. Statewide

7. Purple Loosestrife .................................................................................. Statewide

8. Salt Cedar .............................................................................................. Statewide

9. Common Reed ....................................................................................... Statewide

10. Bindweed ..................................................... Banner, Box Butte, Cheyenne, Deuel, Dundy, Dawes, Garden, Morrill, Scotts Bluff, Sheridan Counties

11. Yellow Bedstraw...................................................................................... Cherry County

12. Woolly Leaf Bursage .............................................................................. Banner County

13. Bull Thistle .............................................................................................. Rock County

14. Scotch Thistle ....................................................................... Dawes, Morrill Counties

15. Houndstongue ........................................................................................ Dawes County

16. Sericea Lespedeza ......... Pawnee, Johnson, Otoe, Gage, Nemaha, Richardson Counties

17. Flodman Thistle ...................................................................................... Fillmore County

18. Tall Thistle .............................................................................................. Fillmore County

For information on noxious weeds in Nebraska or its counties contact:

Mitch Coffin, Program Manager Nebraska Department of Agriculture

Bureau of Plant Industry Noxious Weed Program

PO Box 94756, Lincoln, NE 68509 Office: 402-471-6844 Cell: 402-416-0603 FAX: 402-471-6892

[email protected]

Most counties in the state are covered by a Weed Management District. They frequently sponsor workshops on noxious species found in that area and are a good resource. See map of WMA’s on the following page to locate the one nearest you. The county weed superintendents are also a good source of information.

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Vegetation Management Websites (for information, labels, and MSDS)

BASF ....................................................................................................... www.vmanswers.com/lib/

Becker-Underwood ........................................................................... www.beckerunderwood.com/

DowAgro .................................................................................. www.dowagro.com/prod/index.htm

Dupont ..................................................................................................... www.dupont.com/ag/vm/

Monsanto ................................................................................................... www.monsanto.com/ito

PBI Gordon .................................................................................................... www.pbigordon.com

Nufarm ............................................................................................ www.nufarm.com/USIVM/IVM

UAP Co .................................................................................................................... www.uap.com

Van Diest Supply Co. .............................................................................................. www.vdsc.com

Labels and MSDS for all companies ........................................... www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp

Invasive Species Information ........................................................... www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov

County Extension Offices ................................... www.extension.unl.edu/web/Extension/officeslist

Nebraska Department of Agriculture ................... www.agr.state.ne.us/division/bpi/nwp/nwp1.htm

Nebraska Weed Control Association .................................................................. www.neweed.org

Nebraska Invasive Species Project ..................................................... www.snr.unl.edu/invasives/

Pesticide Education Resources ............................ www.pested.unl.edu/pesticide/pages/index.jsp

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Control Calendar Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Canada Thistle

Caution: seed spread

Leafy Spurge

Caution: seed spread Plateau

Biennial Thistles Rosettes Rosettes Knapweeds Rosettes Rosettes Purple

Loosestrife Contact wetland manager if found in mitigation site

Salt Cedar Apply seasonally recommended chemical to cut stump.

Contact wetland manager if found in mitigation site

Red Cedar Priority given to hazard trees, seed bearing (blue berry), adjacent to rangeland & pasture

Trees & Shrubs

No treatments 3/1 to 8/1

No snow on ground

After leaf drop, no snow

plant is flowering

mechanical control

chemical control

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Guidelines & Forms



(ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS)

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Certification of Chemical Applicators NDOR maintenance personnel who apply Pesticides should be certified by the Nebraska

Department of Agriculture.

Restricted Use Chemicals should only be used after all nonrestricted options have been tried, and failed, to control the problem. Maintenance personnel who apply Restricted Use Chemicals must be certified in Right-of-Way Pest Control to apply those chemicals.

Maintenance personnel who apply a Restricted Use Chemical to treat for pocket gophers must be certified in Wildlife Damage Control.

Maintenance personnel who apply any insect control, chemicals, including fertilizer, to lawns must be certified in ornamental and turf pest control.

These rules also apply to the contractors that maintain any of our state operated rest areas, offices, maintenance yards, or apply chemicals on any NDOR right of way areas.

From: Nebraska Department of Agriculture

1. The Nebraska Pesticide Act, §2-2638(2), states in part that:

“Any person who applies lawn care for hire or compensation, shall apply to the Department for a commercial applicator license regardless of whether such business applies to any restricted use pesticides.”

2. Section 005.02A4 of the Nebraska Pesticide Act regulations defines that the Ornamental and Turf Pest Control category as:

“…including commercial and noncommercial applicators using or supervising the use of restricted use or general use pesticides to control pests in the maintenance and production of ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and turf, including in and around structures, greenhouses, plant nurseries, golf courses, athletic fields, public or private grounds and turf farms.”

Nebraska Department of Roads’ employees who apply pesticides, either general use or restricted use pesticides, in the maintenance of ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and turf on roadside rest areas are, therefore, required to be certified as either commercial or noncommercial pesticide applicators in Nebraska.

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CChheemmiiccaallss aanndd VVeeggeettaattiioonn CCoonnttrrooll

Questions about the information in this section Should be directed to Alison Krohn at (402) 479-3642


((AALLWWAAYYSS RREEAADD AANNDD FFOOLLLLOOWW LLAABBEELL DDIIRREECCTTIIOONNSS))

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Chemical Additives and Accessories Dye Becker Underwood – Tablets – Liquid & Water Soluble Packets

Surfactant Non-ionic - Premier 90, Liberate (surfactant & drift control) Methylated Seed Oil – Soy Stik Silicon – Silenergy, Silco Drift Control Gardian, Liberate (surfactant & drift control)

Insect Control Insect Control – Lawns Billbug & Webworm Talstar One or Tempo SC Ultra

Spider Mites Soapy Water, Avid, or Talstar One

Grubs Merit or Mach II – Apply June 10 to July 10

Insect Control – Right of Way Eastern Tent Caterpillar Tempo SC Ultra – Sevin or Eight Non-chemical – Dipel Grasshoppers Tempo SC Ultra – Same as tent caterpillar Mosquitoes Adults – Talstar, Tempo WP on shrubs & trees Larvae – Non-chemical – Minnows, BTI briquettes

Weed Control – Lawns Pre-emergent – Dimension or Barricade

Broadleaf Weeds – Trimec 992 or Vessel (2,4-D amine); Mecamine “D” or Speedzone (2,4-D ester)

General Weed Control – Right of Way In Joints Campaign, Journey, Stalker, Glyphosate (follow label instructions

for spot spraying)

Wet Ditches Rodeo, Habitat

Under Asphalt Stalker, Journey, Arsenal

In Trees & Shrubs Casoron 4G – November thru March, Pendulum

Grass in Trees & Shrubs Poast, Over the Top with Fusilade 2000 during the growing season

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General Vegetation Control Guardrail Vegetation Chemicals Chemical treatments must be rotated to minimize resistance development in annual weeds. Some weeds have already developed resistance to glyphosate (Round-Up) including Marestail and Giant Ragweed. Guardrails set in pavement should only be treated after weeds appear. Guardrails and signs set in pavement (do not overspray), treat after weeds emerge:

Product Name Quantity Water Surfactant Notes Round-Up, (Glyphosate) 6 oz 1 gal. Follow label Generic formulations

available

Journey (Imazapyr, glyphosate) 1 gal. 10 gal 1 pint MSO

3 oz Non-ionic Premix of glyphosate and imazapyr (Arsenal),

Horticultural Vinegar (Acetic acid)

100% product

No mixing

None needed available from A.M. Leonard & others; apply when temperatures are over 70, may take 2 applications

Guardrails (not around water or in pavement) – mixes above or the following if resistance occurs:

Pre-emergence:

Product Product Qty

Water Surfactant Notes

Pendulum AquaCap (Pendimethalin) Arsenal (Imazapyr)

1.5 gal

3 gal

100 gal Non-ionic, 1.5 qt Fish toxin, add glyphosate for post-emergent application

Landmark XP (Sulfometruon methyl, Chlorsulfuron) Payload (Flumioxazin)

10 oz.

16 oz.

100 gal Non-ionic, 1 qt Payload must be applied within 24 hours of mixing, do not apply where runoff is likely, toxic to aquatic species

Tailspin (Fluroxypyr, Triclopyr) Escort XP (Metsulfuron methyl)

1 gal.

2 oz.

100 gal Silicon, 6 oz Fish toxin

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Post-emergence Guardrail treatment:

Product Product Qty

Water Surfactant Notes

Escort XP (Metsulfuron methyl) 2,4-D

1 oz

24 oz

25 gal Non-ionic, 12 oz Premix Escort with 1 gal water to make slurry, use within 24 hours, must be agitated

Pendulum (Pendimethalin) Glyphosate

1.5 gal.

4 gal

100 gal Non-ionic, 1.5 qt Fish toxin

Vista (Fluroxypyr)

8 oz 10 gal MSO, 10 oz For Kochia & Russian thistle, toxic to fish

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Noxious Weed Control

Spot Spraying for Thistle Control (Canada, Musk, Plumeless, Scotch, Bull) (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm): the best time to treat biennial thistles is the spring or early summer before they bolt and flower, but they are most visible when flowering. Check areas where control was applied or needed in previous years to scout for thistle rosettes in the fall.

Product Quantity Water Surfactant Other

Escort XP (Metsulfuron methyl) +

2,4-D

3 grams, 0.1 oz

3 oz 10 gal 3 oz Requires good

agitation

Transline (Clopyralid)

3-5 oz 10 gal Optional Higher rate is for Canada Thistle

Telar XP (Chlorsulfuron)

10 grams, 1/3 oz 10 gal 1 oz. ammonia Requires good agitation; must use within 24 hours

If unable to spot spray thistles, mow before seed sets (while plants are flowering).

Canada Thistle (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm): one of our most serious weeds because it is a perennial that will spread if not controlled. Some colonies develop resistance to specific herbicides so switch to another active ingredient if suppression is not achieved after 3 years of treatment. Mow when the plant is blooming to prevent seed formation and dispersal.


Milestone (Aminopyralid)

1 oz 10 gal If overapplied, may result in bareground

Escort XP (Metsulfuon methyl) +

2,4-D amine

3 grams, 0.1 oz

3 oz

10 gal 3 oz non-ionic Requires good agitation

Transline 6 oz 10 gal Optional Doesn’t affect grasses

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Leafy Spurge (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm) is another serious, perennial pest that will spread if not treated.

1. When plant is budding:


2,4-D Low Volatile Ester

3 qts 100 gal Non-ionic, follow label

30 gal per ac. Rate, 16 oz dye

Retreatment in the fall with Plateau will be needed for control. The mix above will slow its spread.

2. When plant is flowering, mow it to prevent seed formation and mark it for fall treatment.

Fall Treatment:


Plateau (Imazapic)

1 gallon 100 gal 1 gallon methylated seed oil

Apply 2 weeks before 1st frost

Knapweeds (Spotted, Diffuse [www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm])


Transline (Clopyralid)

5 oz 10 gal Rosette to bud stage

2,4-D ester 10 oz 10 gallon Drift control Rosette stage

Purple Loosestrife (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm): use aquatic label herbicide if the area to be treated has surface water. Do not mow. New plants can sprout from cuttings.

Biological Control: Galerucella spp. beetles have been released along the Platte, Niobrara, and Missouri Rivers in Nebraska to suppress the plant. Contact the county weed supervisor for information on the release of beetles to infested R.O.W., especially wetland mitigation sites.


2,4-D amine 1 pint 10 gal Follow label Use aquatic formulation for plants in water

Rodeo* (glyphosate)

1 pint 10 gal 5 oz nonionic Summer or fall

Habitat* (Imazapyr)

1 pint 10 gal Non-ionic: 3 oz

MSO: 13 oz

* Aquatic label herbicide

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Saltcedar (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm): leave in place for 2 years for chemical to act on all parts of tree. Cuttings removed too soon could sprout. For cut stump application mix 8-12 oz. Habitat per gallon of water and apply to outer quarter of cut surface. The mixes below are for foliar application:


Habitat* (Imazapyr)

20 oz 10 gal Non-ionic: 3 oz

MSO: 13 oz

Apply during flowering(June)

Rodeo* (glyphosate)

13-25 oz 10 gal Non-ionic, 5 oz may require repeat application


Common Reed (Phragmites australis) (www.neweed.org/noxiousweeds.htm)

This grass is colonizing sandbars and banks along the Platte River. It has also been found in some wetland mitigation sites. Coordinate control efforts with the local Weed Management Area to prevent duplication or overapplication. Several grants have been awarded to control this plant along the Platte and Republican Rivers. If the plant is encroaching on ROW from private land, mow it for control. Encroachment will continue without cooperation from adjacent landowners. Typically our ROW will not support this species.

Treatment is most effective in early fall, two weeks before the first frost. Elsewhere use the following treatments:


Habitat* (Imazapyr)

1.5% solution

48 oz 25 gal Non-ionic: 3 oz

MSO: 13 oz

Considered to be most effective

Rodeo* (glyphosate)

1.5% solution

48 oz 25 gal Non-ionic, 5 oz may require

repeat application


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County Declared Noxious Weeds Bindweed Banner, Box Butte, Cheyenne, Deuel, Dundy, Dawes, Garden, Morrill, Scotts Bluff,

Sheridan Counties

1. Escort XP 1.5 oz + 3 qts 2,4-D ester + 1 gallon non-ionic surfactant per 100 gallons of water; requires good agitation

2. Plateau 1.5 oz + 1.3 oz methylated seed oil per gallon of water

3. Glyphosate 32 oz + 2,4-D ester 0.5 pint/acre, apply late summer through fall

Sericea Lespedeza (www.neweed.org/watchlist.htm) Pawnee, Gage, Nemaha, Richardson, and Otoe Counties: 2,4-D is not effective against this plant. 1. Garlon 3A: 2 oz. per gallon water prior to bloom

2. Escort XP 1 oz + 1 qt. non-ionic surfactant per 100 gallons water late summer to fall application when plants are blooming; requires good agitation

Not affected by 2,4-D

Woolly Bursage (www.neweed.org/watchlist) Banner County

1. Round-Up Max 1-2 oz per gallon water

2. 2,4-D low volatile ester 1.5 oz. per gallon water when plant is budding

3. Plateau 1 oz + 1.3 oz methylated seed oil per gallon water

Houndstongue (www.neweed.org/watchlist.htm) Dawes County

1. Plateau 1.5 oz + 1.3 oz methylated seed oil per gallon of water

2. Escort XP 1.5 oz + 1 qt. non-ionic surfactant per 100 gallons water; requires good agitation

Yellow Bedstraw (http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=GAVE) Cherry County

Plateau 1.5 oz + 1.3 oz methylated seed oil per gallon of water

Other Weeds of Concern on the ROW

Teasel (eastern Nebraska [wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=DIPLAC])

1. Transline 1 oz + 0.64 oz non-ionic surfactant per gallon of water

2. Garlon 2.5 oz per gallon water

St. Johnswort (www.neweed.org/watchlist.htm) is of concern around rangeland and pasture because it poses a health risk to cattle that consume it.

1. Cimarron Plus 1/4 oz per gallon water

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Wetlands Noxious Weed Control and Brush Control The Department of Roads now owns many wetlands across Nebraska. The wetlands are not free from noxious weeds and invading Cottonwoods. The two noxious weeds that are the most common in the wetlands are Purple Loosestrife and Canada Thistle with an occasional patch of Leafy Spurge in the upland portion of the wetlands.

The County Weed Control Authorities may call your attention to these noxious weeds and want to spray them or urge you to get in there and spray these weeds or you may notice these weeds through your own vigilance.

Do not spray in the wetlands on your own. Call the Environmental Permits Unit at (402) 479-4418 and talk it over with the Manager or the Biologist in charge of that wetland.

Wetland Volunteer Tree & Noxious Weed Control Recipe for a three-gallon backpack sprayer applied after July 15

1. For a three-gallon backpack sprayer, add the following:

A. 1 Gallon of Water

B. 6.25 fluid ounce of Rodeo

C. 2 Ounces Non-ionic surfactant

D. 1 Ounce of Dye

E. Add 2 more Gallons of Water

2. Spray to wet the entire plant

3. The solution may also be made up in bulk.

This recipe is good for Volunteer Trees and Purple Loosestrife in wetlands.

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TTrreeee,, BBrruusshh && SSttuummpp CCoonnttrrooll



ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS

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Cut Stump Herbicides During the growing season: A. Roundup – Pro: 75-100% concentrate B. Krenite – S, after August 1

During the dormant season: A. Pathfinder II or Garlon 4 B. Stalker basal mixtures

Cut Stump Treatment for Stumps Over 3” in Diameter

• Treat the Living Wood Only – Treat Immediately After Cutting

• Stumps that 3” and Under, Cover the Entire Stump Immediately

Foliar Application

Woody vegetation and brush should be controlled during the dormant season if possible. If not, a foliar application may be made with Garlon or after August 1, Krenite

Red Cedar Control for Cedars Three Foot and Smaller

Cedars cut below live branches will not resprout and need no chemicals. Herbicides do not work well on trees larger than 6’ and the potential for offsite drift is high. Eradication priority should be given to female trees bearing fruit (blue berries), especially where ROW adjoins range or pasture.

100 Gallon Mix

1. 2 Ounces of Escort XP

2. 1 Pint of silicon surfactant

3. Spray to Wet – from Spring greenup to first frost

4. Symptoms are slow to appear – may take the entire growing season for a complete kill.

Call if you have questions, (402) 479-3642, or email [email protected].

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Tree Control with Dormant Basal Treatment (cannot be used in snowcover or standing water)

1. Pathfinder II is a ready to use product and requires no mixing

2. Garlon 4 1 qt. per 3 qts penetrating oil makes 1 gallon of spray

3. Stalker 8-12 oz. per gallon of penetrating oil; do not use around desirable woody plants

Penetrating or basal oil is carried by Van Diest or UAP Timberland as J.L.B. Oil Plus.

The recipe says the basal treatment should be made to the lower 12 to 18 inches of the tree trunk –approximately knee high down to the ground. Spray to wet – runoff is not necessary and only wastes the mix.

Areas that are treated with this basal method will have dead brush next year and can be a scheduled cleanup event. Seasonal Brush Control Spring – Summer No treatment from March 15 to July 15 August 1 to September 15 Krenite-S – See Below After leaf drop to March 15 Use basal treatment above or cut stump p. 21

Use the following recipe for Aug-Sept brush control: Good Coverage = Good Control 100-Gallon Mix

1. 1 Quart drift control agent 2. 1½ Gallons Krenite-S 3. Use Good Pressure (50 to 80 psi)

• Spray entire trunk from knee high to the ground.

• Spray to wet only – we do not want runoff.

• Wear appropriate clothing:

o Rubber Boots

o Plastic Gloves

o Disposable Coveralls

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GENERAL INFORMATION ON HERBICIDES

PRODUCT ACTIVE INGREDIENT(S) SURFACTANT HAY

RESTRICTION RAINFAST OTHER

Broadleaf Several

2,4-D amine or ester

Follow label

30 days

4 hrs

Amine formulation causes irreversible eye damage; do not use around grapes

Cimarron Plus

Metsulfuron methyl + Chlorsulfuron

Non-ionic

37

4 hrs

Effect not seen immediately, leaching potential increases with soil pH

Escort XP Metsulfuron methyl

Non-ionic 0-3 days 4 hrs Effect not seen immediately

Milestone Aminopyralid Non-ionic 0 4 hrs Eye irritant Overdrive

Diflufenzopyr

Follow label

0

4 hrs

Use with caution around alfalfa & soybeans, high runoff potential - do not overapply

Telar

Chlorsulfuron

Non-ionic

0

Effect not immediately seen, not effective in fall; leaching potential increases with soil pH

Transline

Clopyralid

0

2 hrs

High runoff and leaching potential, do not overapply or use near shallow groundwater, eye irritant

Vista

Fluroxypyr

7

High runoff potential, do not overapply; toxic to fish

Non-Selective Campaign Glyphosate

+ 2,4-D 30 days 6 hrs Eye injury potential

Habitat* Imazapyr Non-ionic or MSO required

7 days 1 hr High runoff & leaching potential

Journey Imazapic + Glyphosate

7 days 1 hr

Plateau

Imazapic

Methylated seed oil (MSO)

7 days

1 hr

High runoff & leaching potential, especially in high pH soils

Rodeo* Glyphosate Non-ionic 0-56 days 2-6 hrs Round-Up

Glyphosate

Non-ionic

0-56 days

2-6 hrs

Low leaching & runoff potential, carried by sediment

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Product

Active Ingredient(s)

Surfactant

Hay restriction

Rainfast

Other

Trees & Brush Brushmaster

2,4-D + dicamba

None

Use with caution around alfalfa & soybeans

Garlon 3A* Triclopyr amine Non-ionic 14 days 6 hrs Irreversible eye damage

Garlon 4 Triclopyr ester Toxic to fish

Krenite Fosamine NA

Pathfinder II Triclopyr ester None 365 days

Stalker Imazapyr optional 7 days High runoff & leaching potential

Bareground Arsenal Imazapyr Nonionic 1 hr High runoff &

leaching potential Landmark XP

Sulfometuron methyl + Chlorsulfuron

Improves post emergent control, see label

Payload Flumioxazin Non-ionic Season long 1 hr Low leaching, medium runoff – attaches to sediment

Pendulum Aquacap

Pendimethalin Toxic to fish, Low leaching, medium runoff – attaches to sediment

Tailspin Fluroxypyr, Triclopyr

silicon Toxic to fish

*Aquatic label

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Calibration of Sprayers

Calibrating spray equipment is critical to the proper application of herbicides. The University of Nebraska Lincoln has published a NebGuide (G1511) that provides guidance on calibrating broadcast and hand sprayers: http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/sendIt/g1511.pdf

The same information is provided in the UNL Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska (EC 130), p. 30: http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/sendIt/ec130.pdf

The NebGuide has been reprinted with permission from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension:

v:\pdv\Krohn\chem-guide-final.doc

Forexample,todeterminespeed: 1mileperhour(mph)is: 1mile(5,280ft)in1hour(60minutes)

Or1mph=5,280ft/hour=88ft/min 60min/hour

Problem 1. Determine speed in mph.

Ifwetravel440feet(ft)in30seconds(sec),whatisourspeedinmph?

The objective is to determine the distance traveled in60seconds(1minute)anddivideby88(88feet/minute isequalto1mph).

30sec= 60sec 440ft D

(Disthedistancewearesolvinfor

intheequation)

We cross multiply to find the value of D30D=60x44030D=26,400

D=26,400 30

D=880ft/60secSince every 88 ft traveled/60 sec (1 min) is equal to

1mph,wedivide880by88toget10mph


Ifwetravel297feetin27seconds,whatisourspeed?

27sec = 60sec 297ft D

27D=60x29727D=17,820

D= 17,820 27

D=660ft/60sec

Divideby88since1mph=88ft/60sec(1min)

660 =7.5mph 88

B-15

G1511

Calibration of Sprayers (Also Seeders)Robert N. Klein, Extension Cropping Systems Specialist

Applyingthecorrectrateofaproductisanimportantpartofobtaininggoodresultswithbothseedersandpesti-cide sprayers. With seeders too little seed reduces cropyieldsandincreasesweedswhile toomuchseedincreasescostsandmayreduceyields.Withapesticideapplication,too little product can mean poor control, while too muchcanmeancrop injury,extracosts,andpossible residueonthecropand/orcarryover.

Manymethodscanbeusedtocalibratesprayers,includ-ingtheouncecalibrationandformula-basedmethods.Withtheouncecalibrationmethod,1/128ofanacre is sprayedand the spray is collected.When measured in ounces theamountcollectedwouldbeequaltothenumberofgallonsapplied per acre since there are 128 ounces in a gallon.(Forfurtherinformationonthismethod,seeNUNebGuide,Fine Tuning a Sprayer with the “Ounce” Calibration Method,G88-865.)Othermethods involveusingformulaswhich need to be remembered or recorded for easy use.These methods also may require converting some of theinformationyouhave.

The methods discussed in this NebGuide are simplerelationships and do not require remembering formulas.However, you do need a general understanding of crossmultiplication. The important thing is to be consistent:ifyouput an itemon topof anequationonone side, thesameitemalsogoesonthetopontheotherside.

Three factors determine sprayer application rate:1. Speed2. Nozzlespacing3. Nozzle output (determined by orifice size, pressure, and

densityofspraysolution)Where: Speed=Lengthordistancecovereddividedbytime Nozzlespacing=Width Nozzleoutput=Thequantityapplied/unittime

Thefollowingdiagramshowshowthesethreefactorsarerelated:

Speed=lengthordistance covereddividedbytime

Nozzlespacing(width) Nozzleoutput=thequantity applied/unittime

NebGuide

Variousmethods for calibrating sprayers andseedersandrelatedapplicationinformation.


Ifwetravel660feetin1minuteand15seconds,whatisourspeed?

First, convert 1 minute and 15 seconds to seconds:60+15=75seconds

75(sec) = 60(sec) 660(ft) D

75D= 39,600 D= 528

528 =6mph 88

Problem 4. Determine rate/acre.

Ifthesprayerismovingat6mph,thedistancecoveredinoneminuteis528feet(6mphx88ft/min=528feet).

Todeterminetheareayoucoverwithonenozzleinoneminuteifyoursprayerhasa30-inchnozzlespacing:

Distancetraveled6x88=528ft/min30in(2.5ft)Areasprayed=1,320sq.ft.(2.5ftx528ft/min)

Collecttheoutputofseveralnozzlesanddeterminetheaver-ageoutputpernozzle.Allnozzlesshouldbewithin10percentof the manufacturer’s rating for that nozzle. For exampleanXR11003delivers0.3gpmat40psi.Ifitdeliversmorethan0.33gpmor42.24(128x.33)ounces/minat40psi,thenozzleshouldbereplaced.Anynozzledelivering5percentaboveorbelowtheaveragedeliveryrateforallthenozzlesshouldbereplaced.

For this example, the average nozzle output is 32 oz perminuteor 32(oz/min)÷ 128(oz/gallon)=0.25gpm

Whatistherateperacre?Onewaytocalculateapplicationratewithoutrememberingaformulaistousearelationship:The amount applied and the area sprayed per minute arethesameastheamountappliedandtheareasprayedperacre.R=gals/acre

MinuteBox AcreBox Distance 6x88=528ft

NozzleSpacing 0.25gpm = R30in÷ 12=2.5ft 528x2.5=1320sqft 43,560sqft

Fromminute 0.25 = R Frombox 1320 43,560 acrebox

1320R=10,890(0.25x43,560) R=8.25gals/acre

Problem 5. Determine the acres sprayed per minute.

Traveldistanceinoneminute=616ftNozzlespacing=30in(20nozzlesonsprayer)Nozzleoutput=64oz/minuteWhatistravelspeed? 616÷ 88=7mph(Remember88

ft/min=1mph)Whatissprayerwidth? 20nozzlesx2.5ft(30-inch

spacing)pernozzle=50ft

Whatisapplicationrate? 64oz/minute =0.5gpm 128oz/gallon

MinuteBox AcreBox Distance616ft

30-inchnozzlespacing 64ozor0.5gpm = R(2.5ft) 1,540sqft 43,560sqft

0.5 = R 1,540 43,560

1540R= 21,780 R= 14.14gals/acre

Todeterminetheareacoveredthesprayerinoneminute: 1,540sqft/nozzle/minute 20nozzles1,540x20÷ 43,560sqft/A=0.71acre/minute

Problem 6. Determine nozzle size needed to achieve the operational goal.

Sprayerspeed=7mphNozzlespacing=20inchesApplicationratedesired=17gpaNozzle flow rate = F

MinuteBox AcreBox 7x88=616ft

NozzleSpacing F=gpm = 17gpa 20in =1.67ft 12in/ft 1,029sqft 43,560sqft F 17 1,029 = 43,560

43,560F = 17,493 F = 0.40gpm orXR8004*at40psiIfweneed0.40gpm,bydesignanXR8005*willgive0.5gpmat40psi.Outputvariesbythesquarerootofthepressure.

Forexample: 40psi=6.32psi =2 10psi=3.16psiRaising the pressure from 10 to 40 psi (4 times - 4 = 2)doublesoutput.Thereforeweneed to reduceoutput to0.40gpmwhich is80percent of the0.5gpm that anXR8005puts out at 40psi. 40=6.32x0.8=5.056

P

Tosolvefor“P”taketheresultmultipliedbyitself. 5.056x5.056=25.6psi anXR8005at25.6psiwillgiveyou0.40gpm*SelectedfromTeeJetNozzleBookletbySprayingSystems.

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Problem 7. Calibrating a hand sprayer.

First fill sprayer with water to a known level, a mark you can later refill to accurately. (Tip: It’s best to spray a test area overconcretesoyoucanseetheevennessofapplication.)

Spraytestarea 100sqft=10ftx10ft or 250sqft=10ftx25ft or 500sqft=10ftx50ftor20ftx25ft

Refill sprayer to same level as before, measuring amount of water it takes to refill sprayer.

If the pesticide recommendation is for 2 liquid ounces ofproductper1,000sqft,theamounttoincludeper1,000sqftwouldbe1/4cupor4tablespoonsor12teaspoons.(SeeWeightsandMeasuresConversionsonpage4.)

Ifduringthetest,28ozofwaterwereappliedover250sqft,howmuchwaterandpesticideshouldbeaddedtoa3gallonsprayer?

Theamount Howmuchofwater 28oz =Vforvolume wateryouwillyouappliedin 250sqft 1,000sqft applypertestarea 1,000sqft

250V= 28,000 V= 112ouncesor÷ 32(ounces/qt)=

3.5qtofwaterper1,000sqft

This indicates that 2 oz of pesticide should be added forevery3.5qtofsprayercapacity.

Witha3-gallonsprayer,12qt(3x4qt/gal)ofwatershouldbeaddedtothesprayertank.

2oz = PforPesticide 3.5qt 12qt

3.5P= 24 P= 6.86ozor0.86cup(8oz/cup)

6.86/8=0.86cup Theamountofpesticideto addtoa3-gallonsprayer

Problem 8. Determining the density of spray solution.

The rate at which a fluid flows through a spray orifice varieswith its density. Since all the tabulations are basedonsprayingwater,whichweighs8.34 lbsperU.S.gallon,conversion factors must be used when spraying solutionswhich are heavier or lighter than water.To determine theproper size nozzle for the solution to be sprayed, first multiply the desiredGPMorGPAof solution by thewa-ter rate conversion factor. The conversion factors are thesquare root of specific gravity. (See Weights and Measures Conversionchartonpage4forsomecommonfertilizers).

For example, the specific gravity of 28% nitrogen, which weighs10.65lbs/gal,is:

10.65 (Wt of 28-0-0/gal) = 1.28 specific gravity8.34(Wtofwater/gal)

Conversion factor for 28-0-0 fertilizer or 28% nitrogen is

1.28=1.13

Specific ConversionWeightofSolution Gravity Factors

7.0lbspergallon 0.84 0.928.0lbspergallon 0.96 0.988.34lbspergallon-Water 1.00 1.009.0lbspergallon 1.08 1.0410.0lbspergallon 1.20 1.1010.65 lbs per gallon - 28% nitrogen 1.28 1.1311.0lbspergallon 1.32 1.1511.06 lbs per gallon - 32% nitrogen 1.33 1.1512.0lbspergallon 1.44 1.2014.0lbspergallon 1.68 1.30

Exampleofusingtheconversionfactor:Desired application rate is 20 GPA of 28% N. GPA(solution)xConversionfactor=GPA(water) 20 GPA (28%) x 1.13 = 22.6 GPA (water)

Anozzlesizeshouldbeselectedtosupply22.6GPAofwateratthedesiredpressure,speed,andnozzlespacing.

Problem 9. Determining the density of a spray solution.

Inthisexample,thefollowinghasbeenrecommendedfor an ecofallow corn field:

75 lbs of nitrogen from 28% UANDensity of 28% N = 10.65 lbs/gal10.65x.28=2.982lbsN/gal

75lbsN 2.982lbsN/gal = 25.15 gal of 28% solution

Ingredient Amount Gallons

28% Nitrogen 75 lb N 25.151BalancePro 2.0oz 0.016Fultime 2.25qt 0.563GramoxoneExtra 2pt 0.250CropOilConcentrate 1qt 0.2502,4-D6LVE 1/2pt 0.063 26.293or26.3gal/acre

Todeterminehowthiswillsprayoutandwhatgallonageofwaterisneededtoget26.3gal/acreofthisspraysolution,threestepsarerequired:

1. To determine specific gravity weigh an equal amount of thespraysolutionandanequalamountofwater.

S.S. Water

13.08lbs 10.3lbs

Determine specific gravity weight of spray solution:

13.08 lbs (wt of spray solution) = 1.27 specific gravity 10.3(wtofwater)

2. Determineconversionfactor 1.27=1.133. Determinethequantityofwatertocalibratesprayer: Spray Rate x Conversion Factor = Water Amount

Equivalent 26.3gal/acrex1.13=29.6gal/acre Now you need to calibrate the equipment to apply

29.6gallonsofwaterperacre.√

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ExtensionisaDivisionoftheInstituteofAgricultureandNaturalResourcesattheUniversityofNebraska–LincolncooperatingwiththeCountiesandtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.

UniversityofNebraska–LincolnExtensioneducationalprogramsabidewiththenondiscriminationpoliciesoftheUniversityofNebraska–LincolnandtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.

© 2003, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension. All rights reserved.

Problem 10. To calibrate a seeder.

Howmaypoundsofseedareneededtoplant18seeds/ftinarowwith10-inspacing.Seedsizeis15,000seeds/lbandseediscollectedfor500ft.

Todeterminepoundsofseedneededperacre:

12in/ft =1.2 1.2 x 43,560 ft2/A = 52,272 ft of row/acre10in/row

52,272 x 18 seeds/ft row = 940,896 seeds/acre ÷ 15,000seeds/lb=62.7lb/A

Determineareaseededwithoneopenerononeacre:

TestBox AcreBox10inperrowor 500ftlong

10in =0.83ft Wt = 62.7lb 12in/ft forweightof seed/acre seedcalibrated

415sqft 43,560sqft (500x.83)

Thencrossmultiply:

Wt = 62.7 415 43,560

43,560Wt=26,020.5(62.7x415) Wt=0.6lb/openeror9.6oz/opener

Weights and Measures Conversion

Weight 16ounces=1pound=453.6grams 1gallonwater=8.34pounds=3.78liters 1shortton=2,000lbs 1longton=2,240lbs 1cubicfootwater=62.4lbs

Liquid Measure 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons = 29.57 milliliters 1tablespoon=3teaspoons=14.79milliliters 1cup=16T=8oz=236.583milliliters 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint = 2 cups 8pints=4quarts=1gallon

Dry Measure 1ounce=28.3495grams

Length 1inch=2.54centimeters 3feet=1yard=91.44centimeters 16.5feet=1rod 5,280feet=1mile=1.61kilometers 320rods=1mile

Area 9squarefeet=1squareyard 43,560squarefeet=1acre=160squarerods 1acre=0.405hectare 640acres=1squaremile 1hectare=2.47acres

Speed 88feetperminute=1mph 1mph=1.61km/h 1mph=0.477meter/sec

Volume 27cubicfeet=1cubicyard 1cubicfoot=1,728cubicinches=7.48gallons 1gallon=231cubicinches 1cubicfoot=0.028cubicmeters Volumeofsphere=D3x0.5236

Common Abbreviations and Terms Used GPM=gallonsperminute GPA=gallonsperacre psi=poundspersquareinch mph=milesperhour RPM=revolutionsperminute GPH=gallonsperhour FPM=feetperminute T=Tablespoon t=teaspoon

Circles Diameterx3.1416=circumference Radius2x3.1416=area

Spraying Systems Droplet Size in Microns VeryFine=153andless Fine=154-241 Medium=242-358 Coarse=359-451 Verycoarse=452-740 Extensivelycoarse=741+

Fertilizer FactsPoundspergallonofliquidfertilizerat60oF10-34-0 11.4011-37-0 11.607-21-7 11.0028-0-0 10.6528-0-0 10.6532-0-0 11.0682-0-0 5.1512-0-0-26 11.501ppm=1secondin12daysor0.013ouncesin100gallons orabout8/10of1teaspoonin1,000gallons1ppb=1secondin32yearsor0.013ouncesin100,000gallons orabout8/10of1teaspoonin1,000,000gal1ppt=1secondin320centuries1pintofwaterinocean=5,000moleculesinanypintofwater1psi=2.31ft1footofliftofwater=0.433psi452gpm=1in/1acre/1hr

Lbs/bu Moisture %Corn 56 15.5Soybeans 60 13.0Grainsorghum 56 14.0Wheat 60 13.5Sunflower 25 10.0

Cuftx0.8=bushelofgrainCuftx0.4=bushelofearcorn

1horsepower =550ftlbs/sec =33,000ftlbs/min =746watts

NOTE: Reference to commercial products is made with the understandingthatnodiscriminationisintendedandnoendorsementbyUniversityofNebraskaCooperativeExtensionisimplied.

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