ROADMs & Control Plane for Research & Educational · PDF fileROADMs & Control Plane for...
Transcript of ROADMs & Control Plane for Research & Educational · PDF fileROADMs & Control Plane for...
ROADMs & Control Plane for
Research & Educational Networks
Terena NGN Workshop, April 4, 2008, Munich
Thomas Schneider
Business Development Manager EMEA
© 2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.2
Agenda
�NRENs
�ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane
�ROADMs and 40G
© 2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.3
National Research & Educational Networks NRENs – A quick Technical Analysis
� Reach w/o 3R: 1000…2000 km
� Capacity: 40 wavelengths typically
� High bit-rate services
� 10G LAN PHY, STM-64
� 40G required today
� 100G already considered
� InfiniBand may come up
� Flexibility requirements
� Control Plane, UNI/NNI,
possibly support for UEN/UCLP
� ROADMs (Degree-8)
© 2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.4
Agenda
�NRENs
�ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane
�ROADMs and 40G
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ROADM Architectures
Broadcast and Select Mux / Switch / Demux
N
VOA
Add / Drop
Switches
λN
λ1
λN
... ...
λ1
Switched (iPLC)
1 N
1 NDrop
Add
N 3dB1 x N iPLC
N
1 NDrop
1 NAdd
3dB 3dBWB
Switched (WSS)
1 x N WSS
1 NDrop
1Add
N1 x N WSS
N
WB: Wavelength Blocker, WSS: Wavelength-Selective Switch
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Degree-N ROADM
ROADM
Single WDM Channels
OMS (East)OMS (West)
N
SW E N S
W E
...
...
Degree-2 ROADM
Higher-Degree ROADM
k x N WSS
1 NDrop
1Add
Nk x N WSS
N
Higher-Degree ROADMbased on WSS
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Drop
Output
. . .
AW
GD
MX
AW
GM
UX
VOA
Switch
Monitor PD
Express
Output
Express
Input
Common
Output
Common
Input
Add Inputs
iPLC-based ROADM
AWG leads to typical filter characteristic
λ1 λ2 λ3
Wavelength
Attenuation
Spectral Characteristic
Channel Selectivity
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Higher-Degree ROADM: MEMS
� Mechanical switches (MEMS)
� Multi-degree switching possible (In1/2/N → Out)
Out
In N
In 1
Mirror
Array
Spectral Characteristic
(Flat Top)
∆f [GHz]
Insert
ion L
oss
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ROADM (and GMPLS) Applications
� Re-configure the network
� Adapt to changing network and customers’ requirements (slow)
� Protection and restoration (meshed networks!) (fast)
Enabled through GMPLS Control Plane:
� Topology discovery (routing), signalling, path computation
� Management of connections between GMPLS nodes
� Access to any channel anywhere – single-channel add/drop
� Enable centralized L3 networks (with single L3 hub)
� Power level equalization, increase of transparent field lengths
� Increased visibility of installed infrastructure
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Equalization with ROADMs
Dynamic
Channel
EqualizerDrop Add
Pre-Amplifier Post-Amplifier
� Enabled through monitor
taps, VOAs/SCEs, and
Control Plane signaling
� Can eliminate up to 5dB
of ripple/tilt
� Necessary / enabler for
regional installationsλ1 ... λN
+6dBm
0dBm
λ1 ... λN
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Network Re-configurations
It’s difficult to share / re-use transponders orcolored client I/Fs
100%
120%
140%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Relative Amount of dynamic PathsT
ota
l C
apacity
Ring
Mesh
ROADM
T T TT
Flexible Add/Drop
Passthru
Transponders
Offloading Core Routers
Network Capacity
Large Core RingLarge Core Ring
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Centralized Layer-3
Photonic transmission gear is protocol and bit rate agnostic –
No need to provide protocol gateways for L3 at client sites
Centralized L3 Device
Client ClientClient
ClientClient
Single-channel
Add/Drop of any
Channel anywhere
Logical IP topology
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Restoration
W1 (failed)
W3
W2
W4
W5
W6
Restored Traffic
Fast, distributed topology discovery, signalling, routing – but
� ROADMs can provide a restoration path through a network, but today
they do not perform the end-to-end switch-over
� ROADMs may need to provide wavelength conversion
� Uncertainty w.r.t. link length – complex link engineering
IL
SOALOA
SOALOA
MEMS
Switch
Matrix
CW
CW
(Red-shifted)
All-optical Lambda conversion
LOA – Linear Optical Amplifier
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RAYcontrol® GMPLS Control PlaneIntelligent optical networking
� Provisioning
� Simplified, automated
� Agile, fast (auto-discovery, signalling, routing)
� Integrated network management (synchronized databases)
� Network efficiency
� Higher asset utilization
� Automated network
inventory and reuse
� Efficient restoration
� Network evolution
� Interoperability
� New services and operation modes (UEN, UCLP)
� New architectures (true meshes)
Control Plane
ForwardingPlane
UNI
UNI
NNI
NNI
CCI
Connection Controller (CC)
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Control Plane Building Blocks
Routing
� OSPF (reachability)
� OSPF-TE (traffic engineering)
� GMPLS-OSPF (optical extensions)
Path Computation
� Shortest Path (Dijkstra)
� Kth-Shortest Path (Yen)
� Constrained Shortest Path, CSPF
Signaling
� RSVP (reservations)
� RSVP-TE (tunnel LSP setup)
� GMPLS-RSVP (optical extensions)
� IETF standard link-state routing protocol
� Supports link auto-discovery; extended for GMPLS
� Supports network-wide synchronization; do.
� IETF standard soft-state signaling protocol
� Supports hop-by-hop signaling; extended for GMPLS
� Supports resource reservation and configuration; do.
� How to get from Ingress point to Egress point?
� Services have many characteristics that affect path selection
� CSPF, adds constraints to standard Dijkstra algorithm
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ROADM Support
� End-to-End Service Power Equalization
� ROADMs include per-wavelength power monitoring
� Optical services may traverse multiple ROADM nodes
� Nodes equalize automatically in sequence, GMPLS-controlled
� Multi-Degree Optical Switching
� MD-ROADMs, when deployed in a mesh, lead to an
exponential increase in available paths
� MD-ROADM enables pure OOO switching
� Wavelengths are not converted, ingress / egress waves must match
� Additional constraint considered in CSPF path selection
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D
A
B
C
Path Setup
E1 E2
R2
E3E4
R1
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Equalization Process
Path
[1533.47][1549.32][1549.32] [1560.61]
Resv
Data Flow
[DN EQ]
[UP EQ][UP EQ][UP EQ] [UP EQ]
[DN EQ][DN EQ][DN EQ]
Path Setup phase …
… followed by Path Equalize phase
Ingress Equipment
• Set data rate
• Set protection
• Connect add
• Connect drop
Egress Equipment
• Set data rate
• Set service type
• Set protection
• Enable line port
• Enable trib port
…
Transit Equipment
• Connect UP – DN
• Connect DN – UP
3R Equipment
• Set UP data rate
• Set DN data rate
• Enable UP trib
• Enable DN trib
• Connect UP/drop
• Connect DN/add
• Connect DN/drop
• Connect UP/add
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GELS – Ethernet Support
GMPLS-controlled Ethernet Label Switching
� Ethernet as just another transport technology
� VLAN or VLAN+MAC becomes GMPLS label
� Labels identify end-to-end path, distributed via signaling
� Ethernet services become regular GMPLS tunnels
� Integrates Ethernet into GMPLS management framework
� Same tools (routing, signaling) used by optical GMPLS
� Eliminates need for other control mechanisms (RSTP, etc.)
� Benefits
� Traffic Engineering for Ethernet – explicit control over path
� Automation – 802.1ad/ah (PB, PBB) forwarding tables populated
via CP signaling rather than manually
© 2008 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. ADVA confidential.20
Agenda
�NRENs
�ROADMs and Open GMPLS Control Plane
�ROADMs and 40G
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� Linear Effects
� Attenuation, leading to noise (ASE) – 6dB less sensitivity*
� Chromatic Dispersion, CD – worsen by factor 16*
� Polarization-Mode Dispersion, PMD – worsen by factor 4*
� Nonlinear Effects (SPM, XPM, FWM, SRS, SBS)
� Added signal distortion
� Interaction with CD
� Nonlinear crosstalk
� This is getting even worse for 100G!
CD is getting worse by a factor of 100
(100G vs. 10G)…
*) 40G NRZ as compared to 10G NRZ
40 Transmission Constraints
Nois
eLim
it
Non-linear Lim
it
Launched Channel Power [a.u.]
Num
ber
of S
pa
ns [
a.u
.]
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40G Modulation Format Comparison
OSNR(1)
CD(2)
PMD(3)
50GHz
ROADMs(4)
~16dB
±150ps/nm
2.5ps
0
+
+
±0dB
+
~15dB
±50ps/nm
3.5ps
+
+
–
4dB
+
~12.5dB
±50ps/nm
2.5ps
0
0
0
3dB
0
~13.5dB
>5000ps/nm
>10ps
–
–
+
0dB
–
SPM / NL
(1) Back-to-Back @ BER=1E-3 (2) w/o TDC (3) 1dB Penalty (4) Penalty for 6 ROADMs (5) of 10G NRZ OOK
Upgrade(5)
Re
Im PolMux-DQPSK
Phase Noise
Re
Im Duobinary
Re
Im CSRZ
Re
Im DPSK
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Comparison of 40G Techniques
Metro core and
regional links with
many ROADMs,
upgrades of 10G
40G Duobinary
Regional links
w/ only few
ROADMs but
medium-hi PMD
requirements,
upgrades of 10G
40G CSRZ
Long-haul with
ROADMs and
high PMD,
careful with
LH 10G overlay,
accumulated
phase noise,
non-linearity
Regional and
long-haul links
with only few
ROADMs,
careful with LH
10G overlay
Application
Area
40G PM-DQPSK40G DPSK
Po
we
r [d
B]
-60
-40
-20
0
2 1 0 1 2
Normalized Frequency
NRZ-Duobinary
CSRZ (OOK)
NRZ (OOK)
2 1 0 1 2
Normalized Frequency
RZ-DPSK
50%RZ (OOK)
CSRZ-DQPSK
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� Implementation
2004 - 2007
�Purpose
Test of advanced network features
�Applications
10GbE LAN PHY, GFP, and 40G tests
�Key performance
Early availability of relevant future features
ADVA 40G and ROADM References
Köln
Alcatel
40G
ADVA
40G
40G
Siemens
hiT7070
ADVA
4x10G
10G
Siemens
OTS4040
ADVA
40G
40G
Siemens
OTS4010
ADVA
4x10G
10G
St. Augustin
AD
VA
AD
VA
� Implementation
2005
�Purpose
High-end test-bed
�Applications
eVLBI (Radio astronomy), HD Video
�Key features
�Open GMPLS Control Plane
�Multi-degree ROADMs
Vertically Integrated Optical
testbed for Large Applications
Thank You!
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