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Road to the Civil War. South holds almost 4 million slaves Why maintain the “peculiar...
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Transcript of Road to the Civil War. South holds almost 4 million slaves Why maintain the “peculiar...
SECTIONAL TENSION
Road to the Civil War
REVIEW: ANTEBELLUM SOUTH South holds almost 4 million slaves Why maintain the “peculiar institution”?
Looked down upon slaves as inferiorHope to rise in status by acquiring slaves
Breakdown:80% of whites own no slaves (poor whites)19% of whites own 1-5 (small farmers)1% of whites own 50 or more (plantations)
TREATMENT AND RESISTANCE Dependent on
slave owner “Valued
property”-fed, clothed, shelter
Split up families regularly
Runaways Sabotage
equipment Slow working Major fear of
resistance (Nat Turner, 1831)
PROSLAVERY ARGUMENTS Had existed through the ages and
provided the economic basis for several civilizations
Sanctioned by the bible Assured southern prosperity and cotton
production Better life for blacks in South than Africa Provided blacks with a better
treatment/more security than Northern factory workers
COMPROMISE OF 1850 US acquires Mexican Cession (M-A War)
Wilmont Proviso (what was that?) continues to fail in the House/Senate
WHAT TO DO WITH THE LAND?!
PLAYERS IN THE GAME “The compromise
will betray the south. Northerners will have to agree to federal protection of slavery for the south to feel comfortable remaining in the Union.” John C. Calhoun
“I am speaking not as a northern man, but as an American seeking the preservation of the Union.” Daniel Webster
COMPROMISE OF 18501. CA admitted as a FREE state2. Mexican Cession divided up into NM
and UT and slavery issue decided by POP SOV
3. Texas given $10 million to complete NM
4. Slave trade but not slavery ends in D.C.
5. Strict Fugitive Slave law Personal liberty laws (North) Rise in Underground Railroad activity Priggs v. Pennsylvania Significant turning point between N&S
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE 1852, Uncle Tom’s
Cabin Abolitionist and
underground railroad worker
personalized the political and economic arguments about slavery
Swayed northern sympathy
“THE LITTLE WOMAN WHO WROTE THE BOOK THAT MADE THIS
GREAT WAR”-LINCOLN TO STOWE
RESPONSES 300,000 copies sold in the first year Infuriated the South Encouraged other stories-Martin Delany
(black abolitionist) Blake
South responds: writes own version of life including happy slaves and Christian masters
STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS Illinois senator:
romantic notion of nationalism
Democrat, strong supporter of popular sovereignty
Encouraged land to be split into 2 territories: K/N
ABRAHAM LINCOLN Self taught
Illinois lawyer to senator
Whig party (heroes like Webster and Clay)
Against slavery but for expansion; commerce life over agriculture
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: 5/30/54
BLEEDING KANSAS Whig/Free Soil party outraged Slave owners vs abolitionists Border ruffians: Missourians; "shoot, burn
and hang those against slavery”-fraudulent voters
Armed violence: small scale civil war Major result: creation of Republican Party
shocked by passage of Act Oppose the extention of slavery into new
territory Repeal the Fugitive Slave Law/Kansas-Nebraska
Act