HEMESSEN, Jan Sanders van (Brunswick Monogrammist) (b. ca. 1500, Hemishem, d. 1556, Haarlem)
Road safety in France: the hard path toward science- based policy Jean Chapelon Sylvain Lassarre...
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Transcript of Road safety in France: the hard path toward science- based policy Jean Chapelon Sylvain Lassarre...
Road safety in France: the hard path toward science-based policy
Jean Chapelon Sylvain Lassarre
Scientific research on road scientific management Haarlem – 16 & 17 november 2009
Introduction
number of fatalities (last twelve months)
0
4 000
8 000
12 000
16 000
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
average decrease 1974-2001 : 2,1 %
average decrease 2001-2005 : 10,6 %
Very considerable advances have been made in road safety over the past 30 years
PLAN
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
What is a science-based policy?
What governance?
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
CISR
Deleguate
ONISR
Expert committee
CNSRSustainableDevelopment
Interior
Justice
Others…
Prefect
Projet leader Localauthorities
ODSR
Organisation of road safety in France
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
old structure The force: The Inter-Ministerial Road Safety delegate responsible for road safety in
France. the Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Committee (Comité Interministériel de
Sécurité Routière - CISR) which take decision, the local organisation with the important role played by the Prefect the
projects leader and the local observatorythe weakness: The inter-ministerial character of the delegation is more paraded than
real. Of course, there are five or six advisors detached from different ministries, such as Interior, Justice, Education and Health, but their ties with their ministries of origin are loose and they have very little influence over their ministry’s actions in the area of road safety, which remains in the hands of the new Ministry of Sustainable Development, assisted by a Secretariat of Transport.
the majority of road safety decisions are taken at meetings of officials on the basis of administrative and legal rather than technical and scientific factors
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
new structure the National Inter-Ministerial Road Safety Observatory which is under
the authority of the road safety delegate, is to gather scientific information for the benefit of decision-makers in order to improve the quality of decisions, as well as to guide the activities of departmental road safety observatories (ODSR).
the committee of experts composed of a small number of specialists, who are not necessarily the most qualified experts themselves but are able to call on the most competent specialists in every area they have to deal with. (for instance an in-depth study on drinking and driving, which required more than six months’work)
the National Road Safety Council: a sort of Road Safety Parliament. It enables all the parties involved in road safety (Members of Parliament, highway administrators, insurance companies, motor manufacturers, accident victim defence associations, associations representing particular categories of road user) to meet and debate all road safety issues. As far as our area of interest is concerned, it has the enormous advantage of disseminating the culture of road safety in such a way that all the parties involved have the same level of information.
PLAN
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
What is a science-based policy?
What governance?
What is a science-based policy?
The information system Evaluating the risks Risk management
What is a science-based policy?
The information system Quick indicators (accidents, deaths, injuries and
hospitalised victims): publication of results each 7th of month
Accident records: controlled by departmental observatory with a web portal
Risk exposure Speed measurements: each 4 months, 200 000 measures
Measuring mobile phone use: each year, along the road
Evaluating the risks
Risk management
What is a science-based policy?
The information system Risks assessment
Risk attributed to alcohol Risk attributed to speeding Risk attributed to the use of telephones
while driving Risk management
Risk attributed to speeding
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 100-110
110-120
120-130
130-140
140-150
150-160
160-170
170-180
180-190
+ 190
percentage of drivers under a speed limit in 2001 and 2006
average speed 118,9
average speed if averyone respect speed limit = 114,8
2001
2006
Risk attributed to speed in motorways is: (114,9/118,9)**4 -1 = -13,1%
Risk attributed to the use of telephones while driving
the extra risk of phoning while driving: 3.8 for hands-free sets and 4.9 for hand-held phones (McEvoy et al., 2005)
the average proportion of drivers observed holding a phone to their ear is 1.9% (1.8% on country roads,1.9% on urban streets, 2,6% on connecting motorway)
attributed risk = 1,9% x (4,9 -1) = around 7 %
What is a science-based policy?
The information system Evaluating the risks Risk management
Monitoring: monthly analysis of the situation taking account of the effects of weather and seasonal and time-of-year factors
Bench marking: a method for comparing the performance of each department by standardising the risk
Policy making
Monitoring: monthly analysis of the situation taking account of the effects of weather and seasonal and time-of-year factors
annual equivalent of number of fatalities corrected by meteo and seasonnal effect
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
july 0
5
oct-0
5
januar
y 06
april
06
july 0
6
oct-0
6
januar
y 07
april
07
july 0
7
oct-0
7
januar
y 08
april
08
july 0
8
oct-0
8
janv-
09
avr-0
9
Bench marking: a method for comparing the performance of each department by standardising the risk
with j the department (from 1 to 96) and i the network (from 1 to 5), such that:
t (i,j) is the number of deaths on network i in department j
e (i,j) is the risk exposure on network i in department j
r (i) is the average risk on network i throughout France.
5
1
5
1
96
1
96
1
),()(
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),(
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i
i
j
j
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jitjLAI
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jit
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Bench marking: a method for comparing the performance of each department by standardising the risk
PLAN
French organisation of road safety and the role played by the Road Safety Observatory
What is a science-based policy?
What governance?
What governance? (1) Two action plans: the road accident victims register of
the department of the Rhône and research in road safety economics
Additionally, the Observatory has developed a programme for evaluating the policies pursued with teams of researchers and technicians from the Ministry, and the resulting reports have been published – one on automatic speed cameras (ONISR, 2008) and one on drinking and driving (ONISR, 2007).
The experience of the past few years has shown the importance of developing simple but rigorously constructed methods and tools, providing telling results for decision-makers and the public.
What governance? (2)
Nevertheless, the situation is far from perfect. Firstly, these tools are perfectible, and
benchmarking the methods promoted by the European Commission as part of projects like DaCoTA and Safety-net, will help get them shared more widely.
In terms of risk selection, the Observatory does not
cover all the issues, far from it.
Furthermore, experience shows that, over and beyond the results obtained and the tools used, a permanent concern is getting decision-makers to assimilate and validate them.
Thank you
Jean Chapelon Sylvain Lassarre
Scientific research on road scientific management Haarlem – 16 & 17 november 2009