SMART GRID VISION FOR BHUTAN

Road map for SMART ENERGY

Ujjwal Deep DahalDruk Holdings and Investments

OUTLINE

PART 1:SETTING THE CONTEXT FOR SMART GRID INITIATIVE 

Some stories and rationales

PART 2:SMART GRID MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT IN BHUTAN 

A theoretical process and framework

PART 3:SMART GRID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

A discussion platform and work in progress

PART 1:

SETTING THE CONTEXT FOR SMART GRID INITIATIVE

Some stories and rationales

ONCE YOU START TO SEE THE WORLD THROUGH ENERGY, EVERYTHING CHANGES!

GLOBAL ENERGY PROJECTION GLOBAL ENERGY PROJECTION WITH BUSINESS AS USUAL: 2030

19.928 X10^7 GWh

Office1Office2Office3

Slide 5

Office1 skjadhMicrosoft Office User, 9/29/2019

Office2 Opportunity on the rejected energy with smart gridMicrosoft Office User, 9/29/2019

Office3 The fifth fuel can be leveraged with Smart Grid.....EFFICIENCYMicrosoft Office User, 9/29/2019

GLOBAL CHALLENGES 

Climate change risk mitigationClimate change risk mitigation• Carbon free electricity• Which technology to bet on (wind, hydro, solar, fusion, fission??, hydrogen)

Meeting the needs of 10 billion peopleMeeting the needs of 10 billion people• Population growth• Growth of cities • Transportation! and Industry? Electrification (Sankey Diagram)

Energy security and supplyEnergy security and supply• Geopolitical landscape as an enabler for new source of energy• Access and affordability

OUR CHALLENGES 

•Electricity generation mix•Fuel import scenario (Transportation)•Efficiency and sustainability of biomass

Energy PortfolioEnergy Portfolio

• Interconnection and islanding•Firm power (curtailed demand?)•Hydro forecasting and optimization. A requirement but a technical problem.

Electric grid and generation reliabilityElectric grid and generation reliability

•Technology roadmap and systems design•Technology and  Integration (Disruptive tech – AI, ML, Blockchain, Bigdata, IoT…)

Evolving technology trends & market mechanisms in the regionEvolving technology trends & market mechanisms in the region

•Glacial but also 70% rain fed rivers

Climate ChangeClimate Change

How to make these challenges into OPPORTUNITIES:

Smart Grid Requirements?

ELECTRICAL GRID: A perspectiveWhere do we stand in Interconnection?

CHALLENGES GOING RENEWABLES

GRID INTERCONNECTIONS

Opportunities and Challenges of Grid Integration?

What is distributed system’s limitations and challenges?

How do leverage the grid integration and the distributed generation towards an EFFICIENT POWER SYSTEM? 

Do we need a SMARTER GRID to manage this OPTIMIZATION?

WHY DO WE NEED SMARTER GRID

Do we need a SMARTER GRID to manage this (grid integration and distributed generation) 

OPTIMIZATION?

How to make these challenges into OPPORTUNITIES:

SMART GRID Requirements?

WHY DO WE NEED SMARTER GRIDIn summary

1. Network expansion2. Trans boundary interconnection3. Points of power injection increase (Renewable!)4. Customer expectations5. Electric Vehicles, Batteries and the Distributive technologies

No major technology change

BACKGROUND ON SMART GRID

Some SMART GRID Definitions: What is “SMART GRID”

• “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery networkcharacterized by a two‐way flow of electricity and information,capable of monitoring and responding to changes ineverything from power plants to customer preferences toindividual appliances.”

• “a smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point ofgeneration to point of consumption) integrated withcommunications and information technology”

WE SHOULD HAVE OUR OWN DEFINITION OF SMART GRID

PART 2:

SMART GRID MASPERPLAN DEVELOPMENT IN BHUTAN

A theoretical process and framework

WHERE IS BHUTAN WITH SMART GRID

OPGW and ADSS Project

National Load Dispatch Center ‐ 40 locations

Distribution Management System (DMS)

Phasor measurement units in the transmission system

Substation automation systems and automated meter readings systems

“Click of a button” electricity bill payment options for customers

GIS data and system to aid in power system planning and its operation.

AMR in Phuentsholing for 16 Industries

Geographical Information Systems

But every installation in the POWER SYSTEM and integration of the system is aiding towards a smarter grid

A Roadmap Masterplan

ROADMAP MASTERPLAN

A SMART GRID VISION FOR BHUTAN

SCALABLE, INTEGRABLE, SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE 

SGMPB TO PROVIDE THE ROAD MAP OF DEVELOPMENT

GRID

SCALABLE, INTEGRABLE, SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE 

FACILITATE CLEAN

ENERGY ECONOMY (EV, WIND

ETC)

IMPETUS TO R&D AND FUTURE JOB

CREATION

EMPOWERINGCONSUMERS

DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

(DMS) TO DEFER

INVESTMENTS

SUPPLY, O&M EFFICIENCY REDUCING

OPERATIONAL COSTCOST

EFFECTIVE SMART GRID INVESTMENT

FUTURE READY FOR

ELECTRICITY TRADING DEMANDS

SGMPB PILLARS AND OBJECTIVESRelevance to Bhutan

REALIZING THE PILLARS AND OBJECTIVES

The SGMPB pillars and objectives can be met only with synergy amongst the above three bodies.

All the three bodies would need to FACILITIATE for Smart Grid Deployment.

POLICY FRAMEWORK

THE CONSUMER  THE GRID

POLICY FRAMEWORK

Safety Standards

Development of a regulatory framework gives confidence to Utilities and other investors for investments as well as to consumers for acceptance.

BPC, DGPC, Independent generators, transmission, distribution…..

Awareness and Capacity Building

Economic RegulationMECHANISM FOR INVESTMENT APPROVAL FOR 

UTILITIES (Capital investments and intangible benefits)

Eg.: Different tariff structures (TOD)

SYSTEM INTER OPERABILITY

Standards for new product integration (EV, renewable energy etc.,)

CYBER SECURITY.

AWARENESS TO CONSUMERS

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR REGULATORS, UTILITIES AND POLICY MAKERS.

SGMPB FRAMEWORK

GENERATION

TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

HV SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION 

COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROTOCOL STANDARDIZATION 

AMIDSMSHNFeeder 

AutomationEVCRM

Relay integrationMeter IntegrationSCADA Up‐gradation

PMURemote control of s/sCentralized ControlInternational Billing Remote meter reading

COMMUNICATION PLATFORM

Control center

Geowog/ community centers

Geowog/ community centers

To DT and Consumers

PLCRadioFiberWiMaxZig Bee

COMMUNICATION PLATFORM

AREA 1

Hardware/Sensors/Field Devices and

Networking

AREA 3

Central and Distributed

Control Center and Applications

AREA 2

Communication Platform and

Network

FRAMEWORK: AREAS OF STUDY

PART 3:

SMART GRID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

A discussion platform and work in progress

Where can we as an integrated grid contribute?

DECARBONIZATION‐ Critical to long‐term carbon goals

Key technologies: Choice of Generation technology, Electric 

vehicles, vehicle to grid/home, smart charging, Smart Homes 

DECARBONIZATION‐ Critical to long‐term carbon goals

Key technologies: Choice of Generation technology, Electric 

vehicles, vehicle to grid/home, smart charging, Smart Homes 

DECENTRALIZATION‐Moving away from the Grid

‐Makes customers active elements of the system, though requires significant coordination 

Key technologies: Energy efficiency, solar PV, distributed storage, 

microgrids, demand response 

- Nuclear (Fission, Fusion),

DECENTRALIZATION‐Moving away from the Grid

‐Makes customers active elements of the system, though requires significant coordination 

Key technologies: Energy efficiency, solar PV, distributed storage, 

microgrids, demand response 

- Nuclear (Fission, Fusion),

DEREGULATION

- Energy Deregulation means choice and ultimately competition and efficiency in the

system

- A Policy tool - World Energy Markets

DEREGULATION

- Energy Deregulation means choice and ultimately competition and efficiency in the

system

- A Policy tool - World Energy Markets

DIGITALIZATION- Connecting ALL!

- Allows for open, real-time, automated communication and operation of the system

KEY TECHNOLOGIES- Network technologies: smart metering, SCADA, smart sensors

- Optimization & aggregation platforms, smart appliances & devices, IoT

- Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, Blockchain for power/energy applications

DIGITALIZATION- Connecting ALL!

- Allows for open, real-time, automated communication and operation of the system

KEY TECHNOLOGIES- Network technologies: smart metering, SCADA, smart sensors

- Optimization & aggregation platforms, smart appliances & devices, IoT

- Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, Blockchain for power/energy applications

ENERGY SECTOR

The 4 D’sENERGY SECTOR

The 4 D’s

Digitalization of Power Sector

A design platform: Work in Progress

Digitalization of Power Sector

A design platform: Work in Progress

HOW MUCH DATA? A snapshot!

Smart meter energy consumption readings once every 15 min; Substation active and reactive power readings once every 1 min; PMU voltage magnitude and phase angle readings once every 8.3 ms;Voltage and current waveform sampling once every 130 microseconds.

What else DATA do we collect every second of the day?

Digitalization of Power SectorA design platform: Work in Progress

Power System Digitalization

Data and Analytics (ML, AI, Big Data)

Connectivity and Smart Sensors

Reduced O&M cost

Improved efficiency

Extended asset lifetime

Reduced unplanned outages

Reduced investment

Reduced CO2 

emissions

Improved system 

reliability & stability

Reduced investment 

needs

Communication System 

Integration

Sensors and Intelligent Systems

DATA & CONTROL SYSTEMS

Digitalization of Power SectorBIGDATA CREATION FOR AI AND ML APPLICATION

Harness BIG DATA from the Power System Design PLATFORM

• Supervised & Unsupervised Machine Learning for Power System Data Analysis

• Deep Learning for Power System Data Analysis

Harness the Power of Big Data (Machine Learning and AI)

•Operation, Maintenance, Energy Systems, Human Resource, Processes etc.

Put the Power of Big Data into Power 

Systems

Algorithm Development

Optimization application Development

Creating Power system Big Data

BEYOND THE RHETORIC AND THE OBVIOUSAdaption of the industry  

Not just the earlier generation technology

•Use of Bigdata, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain in the power industry

•Use of Virtual and Augmented reality in training and operations

TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

Standards and specifications

•How can the power system platforms be truly independent?

•Not being a supplier alone but building innovative open platform

BUSINESS AND 

INNOVATIONTraining and education

•A platform for growth of Power System TALENT for the next generation.

•Are the present education system for power system development relevant?

•Cyber Security

POLICY INNOVATION

FOR A TRULY SMARTER GRID OF SOUTH ASIA

MULTIFACETED REGIONAL 

INNOVATION NEEDED 

Technology Innovation

Business Innovation

Policy Innovation

Architectural framework of Hydro generation optimization decision support system

OPTIMAL GENERATION SCHEDULE

Generator wisePlant wiseBasin wise

Depending on constraints (technical and policy)

INPUT

Weather and Load flow model

Real time dam level and river/water flow data

Export obligation and requirements

Turbine, generator and plant model

PROCESS OUTPUT

Optimal Energy Scheduling, Dispatch and Settlement Model for Bhutan Power System

OptimalGeneration

Decision Support System

Hydro Power Plants

G1.....

Gn

The Utility (BPC)and Major Industry

Declaration of generation to System Operator (BPSO)

BPSO

Load Forecast Model

Optimal Dispatch/Unit Commitement

Model

Energy Settlement Mechanism Model

Deviation Settlement Model

Day ahead optimal generation schedule

Domestic

Export

To India System Operator

Objective/Abstract

This paper studies the current power system operation processes in Bhutan and the roadmap for an optimal energy scheduling, dispatch, and a settlement mechanism. Its objective is also to discuss the opportunities and challenges of a competitive wholesale electricity market considering the domestic and regional development of how electrical energy is produced and consumed.