RNC Description

411-8111-931

Wireless Service Provider Solutions

UMTSProduct FundamentalsNortel UMTS RNC 1500 Description411-8111-931 02.03/EN Standard April 2006

Wireless Service Provider Solutions

UMTSProduct FundamentalsNortel UMTS RNC 1500 DescriptionDocument number: 411-8111-931Document issue: 02.03/ENDocument status: StandardProduct release: UMTS V5.0Date: April 2006

Copyright 2005-2006 Nortel Networks, All Rights ReservedOriginated in France

NORTEL CONFIDENTIAL

The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel. Except as specifically authorized inwriting by Nortel, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential andshall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same forevaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only.

The content of this document is provided for information purposes only and is subject to modification. Itdoes not constitute any representation or warranty from Nortel as to the content or accuracy of theinformation contained herein, including but not limited to the suitability and performances of the product orits intended application.

This is the Way. This is Nortel, Nortel, the Nortel logo, and the Globemark are trademarks of Nortel. Allother trademarks are the property of their owners.

PUBLICATION HISTORYSYSTEM RELEASE UMTS V5.0

April 2006Issue 02.03/EN StandardUpdate for Channel Readiness

November 2005Issue 02.02/EN PreliminaryUpdate for Customer Readiness after internal review

October 2005Issue 02.01/EN DraftUpdate for RAN V4.2

SYSTEM RELEASE UMTS V4.1

October 2005Issue 01.05/EN StandardUpdate for Channel Readiness

June 2005Issue 01.04/EN PreliminaryEditorial Update.

May 2005Issue 01.03/EN PreliminaryEditorial Update

March 2005Issue 01.02/EN PreliminaryUpdate for OAM V4.2/RAN V4.1

February 2005Issue 01.01/EN DraftUpdate for OAM V4.2/RAN V4.1Creation

Nortel Confidential Publication history i

Copyright 2005-2006 Nortel Networks Nortel UMTS RNC 1500 Description

About this publication 1

Roadmap to UTRAN Collection 3What is new 5

RNC regulatory information 6UTRAN introduction of the UMTS V5.0 solution 8RNC 1500 basic characteristics 11RNC 1500 introduction 12RNC 1500 features and functionalities 17RNC 1500 configurations 20RNC 1500 architecture 25RNC 1500 general architecture 26RNC CallP architecture 30RNC 1500 services and features 31RNC 1500 main features 32RNC 1500 main characteristics 33RNC 1500 radio resource management 37Other RNC 1500 features 39RNC 1500 interfaces and protocols 40RNC 1500 interfaces 41RNC 1500 protocols 48RNC 1500 hardware 50

RNC 1500 hardware presentation 51RNC 1500 hardware modules description 60Control Processor (CP3) module 6116p OC-3/STM-1 module 64Packet Server module hardware 68

Nortel Confidential Table of contents ii

411-8111-931 02.03/EN Standard April 2006 Copyright 2005-2006 Nortel Networks

Fabric module 71

LED description for Multiservice Switch 15000 module 75RNC 1500 cooling system description 77RNC 1500 power supply and alarm systems 84BIP assembly 85

PIM modules 88

MAC address module 93Alarm BITS module 96

TML uses for the RNC 1500 100

Nortel Confidential Table of contents iii


Figure 1 - UTRAN Roadmap 3Figure 2 - UTRAN Roadmap (continued) 4Figure 3 - Nortel UTRAN architecture example 9Figure 4 - RNC 1500 front view with two RNC 1500 shelves in the cabinet 14Figure 5 - RNC 1500 rear view with one RNC 1500 in the upper shelf 15Figure 6 - Access Node front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links 22Figure 7 - Access Node front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links 23Figure 8 - RNC 1500 architecture 27Figure 9 - RNC 1500 interfaces 41Figure 10 - Iu CS protocol view 42Figure 11 - Iu PS protocol view 43Figure 12 - Iur protocol view 44Figure 13 - Iub protocol view 45Figure 14 - Iupc protocol view 46Figure 15 - RNC 1500 components layout on the front panel 52Figure 16 - RNC 1500 components layout on the rear panel 53Figure 17 - RNC 1500 modules on the front panel 54Figure 18 - RNC 1500 modules on the rear panel 55Figure 19 - Access Node modules front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links 58Figure 20 - Access Node modules front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links 59Figure 21 - CP3 module: front view 62Figure 22 - 16p OC-3/STM-1: front view 64Figure 23 - 16p OC-3/STM-1 module: hardware overview with opened fiber hood 65Figure 24 - Packet Server module: hardware overview 69Figure 25 - RNC cabinet: lower shelf assembly components, rear view 72Figure 26 - Fabric module: hardware overview 73Figure 27 - Module front panel indicators 75Figure 28 - Upper and lower cooling unit in an RNC 1500 with airflow direction 78Figure 29 - Cooling unit: hardware overview 80Figure 30 - Cooling units: front and rear views 81Figure 31 - BIP: hardware overview 86Figure 32 - PIM module: hardware overview 89Figure 33 - PIM module: positioning and front panel view 91Figure 34 - MAC address module: positioning and front panel view 94Figure 35 - MAC Address module: hardware overview 95Figure 36 - Alarm BITS: positioning and front panel view 97

Nortel Confidential List of figures iv


Table 1 - Visual indicator description for all modules 76Table 2 - Cooling unit LED indications 82Table 3 - Component power consumption 86Table 4 - Cooling unit alarm connector 98Table 5 - BIP alarm connector 99

Nortel Confidential List of tables v


About this publicationThis publication provides a complete reference to the Radio Network Controller (RNC) 1500 used ina Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This RNC is called Nortel UMTS RNC1500 (the abbreviation RNC 1500 is used in this publication).ApplicabilityThis publication applies to the Radio Access Network (RAN) V4.2 of the UMTS V5.0 Release.AudienceThis publication is for operations and maintenance personnel, and other users who want to knowmore about the RNC 1500.

PrerequisitesReaders should be familiar with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TechnicalSpecification release 99 (R99), the UMTS specification and UMTS Network Overview(411-8111-101).Related Documents UMTS BTS (12000, 6000 & 1000 Families) Description (411-8111-905) RNC 1500 TML Tool (411-8111-565) Multiservice Switch 7400 Hardware Description (NN10600-170) Multiservice Switch 15000, 20000 Hardware Description (NN10600-120)How this publication is organizedThis publication consists of the following sets of parts: the first part provides the Road map to UTRAN documentation the second part provides the RNC regulatory information the third part gives the UTRAN introduction of the UMTS V4.1 solution the fourth part gives the RNC basic characteristics the fifth part describes the RNC architecture the sixth part describes the RNC services and features the seventh part describes the RNC interfaces and protocols the eighth part describes the RNC hardware the last part describes the Local Maintenance Terminal (TML) tool.Regulatory informationRefer to RNC regulatory information

Vocabulary conventionsThe glossary is presented in the document:Terminology (411-8111-804).

Nortel Confidential 1


Roadmap to UTRAN CollectionThe following diagram shows the NTPs in the UTRAN documentation suite.Figure 1 UTRAN Roadmap



Figure 2 UTRAN Roadmap (continued)



What is newThe following sections detail what's new in the UMTS RNC 1500 Description NTP for the UMTS V5.0release.

FeaturesSee the following sections for information about feature changes: 29899 RoHS Compliance RNC. Impacts from the European Union Environmental Directive on

the Restriction of Hazardous Substances . RoHS compliant and non-compliant modules will beco-existing for some time during the transition period.

29824 Single slot MSA 32 modules. New installations of the Access Node will be done withMSA 32 SS. Access Nodes already installed will keep MSA 32 Double Slot modules whenupgraded, no retrofit is needed. See section PCM Access Node cabinet.

29825 Single slot 2pOC3 STM-1 modules. New installations of the Access Node will be donewith 2pOC3 STM-1 and MSA 32 single slot modules. Access Nodes already installed will keepMSA 32/STM-1 Double Slot modules when upgraded, no retrofit is needed. See section PCMAccess Node cabinet.

27930 HSDPA support. A new interface to enable HSDPA (High Speed Downlink PacketAccess), see section HSDPA support.

Other changesSee the following sections for information about changes that are non-feature related: None



RNC regulatory informationThis section provides the items concerning the RNC regulatory information.

Regulatory requirement complianceThe equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If the equipment is notinstalled and used in accordance with the instruction manual, the equipment can cause harmfulinterference to radio communications.However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If thisequipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determinedby turning the equipment off and on, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference.The Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements have been selected to ensure an adequatelevel of compatibility for apparatus at residential, commercial, and light industrial environments.However, the levels do not cover extreme cases which may occur in any location, but with a lowprobability of occurrence. In particular, it may not cover those cases where a potential source ofinterference which is producing individually repeated transient phenomena, or continuousphenomena, is permanently present, for example a radar or broadcast site in the near vicinity. Insuch a case it can be necessary to either limit the source of interference, or use special protectionapplied, to the interfered part, or both.For the integrity of the product, the antistatic wrist strap should always be used for any operation andmaintenance on Nortel systems.

Compliance for American countries (North and South)The Nortel UMTS RNC has not been qualified against American market requirements since thecurrently supported frequency bands do not correspond to the allocated UMTS spectrum.As a consequence, Nortel UMTS RNC has not been demonstrated to comply with American marketrequirements.Updates will be made to this section when appropriate.

RNC complianceThe Nortel UMTS RNC has been demonstrated to comply (either by testing or file submission) withthe essential requirements of the following European directives, EMC directive (89/336/EMC)The following standard has been applied to demonstrate compliance with this European Directive,EMC: ETS 300 386 version 1.2.1In addition, the RNC has been demonstrated to comply with the following standard, Safety: EN60950, Edition 3, 2000

Other compliancesIn addition to the aforementioned compliances, and as a voluntary demonstration of compliance, theNortel UMTS RNC and UMTS BTS comply (as appropriate) with the essential requirements ofCTR12/CTR13 on E1 PCM lines. These standards cover essential requirements for the physical andelectrical characteristics of the terminal equipment interface for unstructured leased lines (U2048S)and structured leased lines (D2048S).Conformance with these requirement does not guarantee end-to-end inter-operability.

Compliances for other regions/countries



For countries outside Europe and the Americas, the requirements of European countries usuallyapply.It is not possible to list all the applicable approvals or compliances as they will be dependent on themarkets and products considered.Please contact your local Nortel representative for more information.

Operational conditionsThe aforementioned standards compliance of the products are based on the following operatingconditions (called normal operation): Doors will be closed and (or) covers will be in place. External cables will be of the same type as specified by Nortel. No modification of any mechanical or electrical characteristics of the product will be made.Any change or modification made to the product without written approval from Nortel releases Nortelfrom subsequent responsibility regarding the standards compliance.

Cable specificationsThe compliance to the aforementioned standards has been verified using cables as specified byNortel. The continuing compliance of the product relies upon use of the correct cabling scheme aswell as use of identical type cables as specified by Nortel.Refer to the installation guides for details on cable specifications.

Product labelingThe label can be located inside or outside the product, provided that the operation and (or)maintenance personnel have the information when working on the product. American countries (North and South). Not applicable European Union countries. This module gives the regulatory information specific to the European

Union countries for the RNC and the BTS.

RNC labellingTo indicate compliance with the European directives (EMC and Low voltage), Nortel UMTS RNCbears the following information in a conspicuous location:

Manufacturers name Equipment designation Nominal voltage operating range and maximum rated current

Labelling for other regions/countriesLabeling for other regions and countries is performed as appropriate and required by the localregulatory framework.



UTRAN introduction of the UMTS V5.0 solutionThe UTRAN is composed of several Radio Network Subsystems (RNS). An RNS covers a certaingeographical area. It is equivalent to the GSM BSS. Each RNS is consists of one Radio NetworkController (RNC) and several Node Bs. The different RNSs are interconnected through the Iurinterface of each RNC to form a network.

Nortel UTRANThe Nortel UTRAN of the UMTS V5.0 comprises the following components: the Nortel UMTS RNC the Nortel UMTS BTS the W-NMS for the OAM partThe UTRAN release of the UMTS V5.0 solution is RAN V4.2.

Nortel UMTS RNCThe Nortel UMTS RNC is either the UMTS RNC 1000 or the UMTS RNC 1500. They are the3GPP-compliant UMTS RNCs developed by Nortel.The UMTS RNC 1000 is based on the Multiservice Switch and C-Node platforms.The UMTS RNC 1500 is based on the Multiservice Switch platform.The RNC allows mobility between UMTS and GSM networks.

RNC main functionsThe main functions of the RNC are to control and manage: the Radio Access Network (RAN) the signaling between the different Core Network (CN) components and the Radio Network

System (RNS) the Node Bs and their corresponding radio resources

RNC interfacesThe RNC provides the following interfaces: Iub interface towards a Node B Iu interface towards the Core Network Iur interface towards another RNC Iupc interface towards a SAS (Standalone A-GPS SMLC)Nortel UMTS BTSThe Nortel UMTS BTS is the 3GPP-compliant UMTS Node B developed by Nortel. The generic termBTS designates the Nortel UMTS Internet Base Transceiver Station (Nortel UMTS BTS).BTS main functionsThe BTS supports the following main functions: network interface management



radio access call processing configuration and supervision synchronization performance monitoring

BTS interfacesThe BTS provides the following interfaces: Iub interface towards a RNC Uu interface towards a UEFigure 3 Nortel UTRAN architecture example



W-NMSThe Nortel Wireless Network Management System (W-NMS) delivers an integrated UMTSmanagement platform through which all Network Elements (NEs) are monitored and controlled.It provides the complete end-to-end management solution for UMTS networks. The W-NMSmanages the entire UMTS network which is split into the UTRAN and core (circuit and packet) areas.The Access Network OAM manages the UTRAN part of the network.

Main Access Network OAM functionsThe main functions of Access Network OAM are the following: fault management configuration management performance management

NSPThe Network Services Platform (NSP) is a graphical user interface to the Access Network, providinga common platform for navigation and control. The NSP interfaces with the NEs through a CommonObject Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). This is a vendor independent architecture used to joincomputer applications together over networks.



RNC 1500 basic characteristicsThis part describes the basic characteristics of the RNC. It is split into the following sections: RNC 1500 introduction RNC 1500 features and functionalities RNC 1500 configurations



RNC 1500 introductionThe 3GPP-compliant UMTS RNC developed by Nortel is named Nortel UMTS RNC 1500.The RNC 1500 is based on a single shelf and single platform based product, occupying the lowerpart of the cabinet : Nortel multi-service data platform called Multiservice Switch 15000.The RNC 1500 houses four connectivity options: for North America regions:

DS3 OC-3

For all regions except North America: E1 STM-1

The E1 option requires the use of the Access Node (see below RNC 1500 configurations), which isbased on the Nortel Multiservice Switch 7480 Multiservice Switch.Most of the RNC interfaces provide the ability to build multi-vendor solutions. The main part of theRNC is built upon the Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 technology.The main functions of the RNC are to control and manage: the RAN (Radio Access Network) the signaling between the different CN (Core Network) components and the RNS (Radio Network

System) the Node Bs and their corresponding radio resources

Main part of the RNC 1500 descriptionThe main part of the RNC 1500 is the Multiservice Switch 15000.

Multiservice Switch 15000 general descriptionThe RNC 1500 Interface Node is built upon the Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 equipment, basedon the Nortel Multiservice Switch Carrier Release (PCR) 6.1.This provides the connectivity of the user plane with a large array of possible interfaces. Forexample: connection of the RNC to the WG (Wireless Gateway) through STM-1 optical fibers. connection of the RNC to A-Node/IMA Terminating Equipment through STM-1/OC-3 optical

fibers.It is used to support : IP/ATM protocols voice servicesThe RNC 1500 is designed for indoor deployment. It is EMC-compliant (no rack enclosure isnecessary). EMC compliance is performed on each shelf assembly.Product evolution from RNC 1000



The RNC 1500 is an evolution from the RNC 1000, 50% smaller, simpler to operate, while stillmaintaining all functionality, capacity, performance and reliability of the RNC 1000 version. The RNC1500 is based on the same hardware platform as the RNC 1000 Interface Node.The RNC 1500 program involves the removal of the Control Node and associated modules, as wellas the porting of Control Node S/W, mainly to the Packet Server FPs. As a consequence, all RNC1000 will have the ability to evolve easily towards the RNC 1500, thanks to a seamless migrationprocedure from RNC 1000 to RNC 1500.

RNC 1500 external interfacesThe RNC 1500 houses the following external interfaces: Iu interface: towards the Core Network Iub interface: towards the Node B Iur interface: towards another RNC Iupc interface: towards the SAS OAM interface: towards the network management platform (W-NMS) or the TMLFunctions of the RNC 1500:The different functions of the RNC 1500 can be qualified with the names : Serving RNC, Drift RNC,Controlling RNC. Serving RNC (SRNC) refers to one specific mobile. It is the RNC handling the Iu interface for this

particular mobile in the case the Iur interface is used. Drift RNC (DRNC) refers to one specific mobile. It is the RNC controlling the NodeB used by this

mobile in case the Iur interface is used. Controlling RNC refers to the NodeBs. The RNC is the 'Controlling RNC' of all the base station

parented to this RNC.

RNC 1500 general view

The following figures give respectively: the RNC 1500 front view with two RNC 1500 shelves in the cabinet the RNC 1500 rear view with one RNC 1500 in the upper shelf



Figure 4 RNC 1500 front view with two RNC 1500 shelves in the cabinet



Figure 5 RNC 1500 rear view with one RNC 1500 in the upper shelf

RNC 1500 : general and physical sizes

Characteristics Nortel RNC 1500W x D x HWithout cosmetic panels

(mm)(inches)

600 x 600 x 212523.6 x 23.6 x 83.7

W x D x HWith cosmetic panels

(mm)(inches)

660 x 600 x 212525.7 x 23.6 x 83.7

Maximum weight (kg/lb) 436 / 959Voltage (V) -48(DC) (-57 DC to -43 DC)Maximum power for maximal con- (W) 1939



figuration, consumption depends onthe configurationMaximum heat dissipation (W) 2580W/mNormal heat dissipation (W) Not availableNormal operating temperature (C) , (F) 5 to 40 , 41 to 104Short term operating temperature (C) , (F) -5 to 50 , 23 to 122Temperature variation (C/h) , (F/h) 30 , 86Normal relative operating humidity(non-condensing)

(%) 10 to 90

Short term relative operating humid-ity (non-condensing)

(%) 5 to 90

Maximum level of noise dBA less than 60

Earthquake Up to zone 4

RNC 1500 : Office layout and footprintThe layout of the RNC 1500 requires: a minimum ceiling clearance of 2.4m a minimum safety distance for front and rear maintenance activities of 0.9mWhen two RNC are placed side by side, the cosmetic panels between these two frames are notinstalled, except for the first and the last frame of the lineup. A junction with the cabinet secure twoadjacent frames together.The footprint of the RNC 1500 requires : 600mm W x 600mm D = 0.360 m without cosmetic panels 660mm W x 600mm D = 0.396m with cosmetic panels



RNC 1500 features and functionalitiesThe RNC 1500 supports all the interfaces defined by the 3GPP for UMTS and provides anindustry-leading capacity and performance for operators. The RNC 1500 is located on a platform thatis deployed globally across wireless and high-speed packet networks.It provides the following main features: HSDPA support high capacity distributed architecture a large variety of transmission interfaces differentiated services proven carrier grade scalability simple but powerful OAM

HSDPA supportNortel UMTS RNCs are HSDPA ready. HSDPA is a new UMTS packet air interface to enable highspeed downlink packet access. There is no need for new boards. A software upgrade may berequired.

High capacityThe RNC 1500 supports a high capacity per shelf solution. It is based on off-the-shelf processingtechnology. This enables the operator to upgrade the RNC by just upgrading boards as opposed to afork-lift solution. This provides investment protection for the operator.

Large variety of transmission interfacesA variety of transmission interfaces and traffic grooming functions have been integrated for ingressinto the RNC 1500 from the Node B. This provides a flexibility of the transmission architectures thatthe operator wants to implement.This has been done in the RNC 1500 architecture by decoupling the radio functions from thetransmission functions. The radio functions are further decoupled in the control plane and the userplane. This architecture ensures that the transmission does not limit the radio functions.

Differentiated servicesThe RNC 1500 is powered with enhanced Radio Resource Management algorithms built on NortelCDMA and data experience. This enables the telecommunication carriers to differentiate customerssuch as gold, silver, and bronze, and to differentiate services. The telecommunication carriers havethe ability to optimize the spectrum to match their respective market demographics in order tomeet/exceed their respective business objectives.Proven carrier gradeThe use of the Multiservice Switch 15000 guarantees that the RNC 1500 offers high availabilitybased on RQMS specification. Nortel RNC 1500 supports the following features: 1+1 hot sparing of critical elements



hot insertion of additional processing boards load balancing between processing resources N+P load sharing of traffic processors high component MTBF

ScalabilityThe RNC allows scalable growth from a minimum configuration at network launch to full capacityconfiguration through software upgrades and interface board additions. The telecommunicationcarriers can then optimize investment by making capacity upgrades only when customer demandrequires it.

Simple but powerful OAM

The Nortel solution is based on providing a simple and intuitive OAM W-NMS that is powerful indoing cross-checks to ensure that proper provisioning is done.The interface between RNC and W-NMS is Ethernet TCP/IP in case of Out of band OAM. The Out ofband OAM consists in using a separate network for OAM and traffic.For more information about the OAM W-NMS see: OAM Engineering Guide(450-3101-638)RNC 1500 functionsThe RNC 1500 functions are divided in two parts: Control plane User plane

Control planeThe C-Plane includes all of the functions required to set up, take down, and manage connectionsbetween the User Equipment (UE) and the Core Network. Typically, Control Plane functions involvesignalling channels and consume RNC resources as a result of external events, such as callorigination or handoff between the Node Bs. The C-Plane handles: protocol termination for RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP, and ALCAP radio resource management for RRC terminations, RRM strategy, and QoS management logical management of the Node Bs connected to the RNC admission control, communication, maintenance, and release for each user setup, maintenance, and release of transport network resources optimization of the radio spectrum and terrestrial transport network resources to provide a

maximum number of simultaneous users according to their service requirements within theUTRAN

RNC operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) Node B logical OAM&P mobility management



User PlaneThe U-Plane is responsible for maintaining the data flow of traffic over three interfaces: It provides the data interface to the U-Plane of the Iu link to the Core Network. It provides the data interface to the Iub links to the Node B and the Iur links to other RNCs it terminates the MAC and RLC radio protocols for the data links between the RNC and UEs.The U-Plane processing is responsible for providing radio protocol stacks for radio bearers andassociated transport channels and maintaining User Plane logical contexts for individual cell contextsand UE calls.The User Plane handles: physical connectivity with the other UMTS nodes based on ATM over PCM trunks or higher

speed interfaces (OC-3 or STM-1) User Plane radio protocol termination UTRAN packet switching between the Core Network and the user's terminal



RNC 1500 configurationsThis section presents the different configurations of the RNC 1500.

RNC 1500 configurationThe RNC cabinet can be connected to the UTRAN according to the following configuration types: RNC-SDH/SONET: used respectively in UMTS 2100 and UMTS 1900, with the RNC SDH-x and

RNC SONET configurations. RNC-PCM: used in the UMTS 2100 with the PCM-x configuration RNC 1500 model names

RNC-SDH/SONETThe RNC-SDH/SONET is housed in one cabinet which contains the Multiservice Switch 15000 in thelower shelf.In this case an optical STM1 connectivity is provided on Iub, Iur, and Iu.For more information about the RNC-SDH/SONET refer to RNC hardware presentationIn this case of configuration, it is possible to put a second RNC 1500 in the free upper shelf.

RNC-PCMThe RNC-PCM is housed in two cabinets: the first cabinet contains the Multiservice Switch 15000 in the lower shelf or two Multiservice

Switch 15000 in the two shelves. a separate shelf contains the Access Node to place the termination panels in the upper part and

the modules in the lower part.

Access NodeThe RNC PCM Access Node is usually built upon the MSS7K technology, based on the PCR 6.1release.The PCM Access Node enables connection on the Iub interface of the: RNC Node BThe basic mechanical elements of an Access Node cabinet are: in the upper part of the cabinet: the termination panels which are used to connect the 120-ohm

E1 PCM links or the 75-ohm E1 PCM links (to/from the Node Bs) in the lower part of the cabinet: an STM-1/PCM converter shelf which houses mainly the

MSA32/STM-1 modules to convert the STM-1 optical fibers (to/from the RNC) into the electrical120-ohm E1 PCM links or the 75-ohm E1 PCM links and vice versa

The MSA32 module has the 32 E1 ports and two optional STM-1.The number of E1 are used as follows: Up to 30 E1 can be used for ATM purpose Up to 30 E1 can be used for ATM if IMA is not used



Up to 32 E1 for AAL1 CES Up to 22 E1 with IMAThe Iub interface of a PCM RNC is connected to an electrical STM-1 link. This uses the two portchannelized STM-1 module (2pSTM-1eCh) in the Access Node.The Access Node cabinet is designed for indoor applications and is EMC compliant (No rackenclosure is necessary). EMC compliance is performed on each shelf assembly.The following figures give respectively: the Access Node front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links the Access Node front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links



Figure 6 Access Node front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links



Figure 7 Access Node front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links

RNC 1500 model names

The model naming will refer to the number of PS1s and the two families (SDH or PCM). Thefollowing table shows the different configurations.



Market Models 1504 1506 1507 1510 1512

RNC 1500 Numberof PS1s

4 PS1 6 PS1 7 PS1 10 PS1 12 PS1

RNC 1000 PCM P4-4-3 P6-6-5 P9-7-5 P12-10-7 P14-12-10RNC 1000 SDH S4-4-0 N.A. S7-7-0 S11-10-0 S14-12-0Node B 80 120 140 200 200

Cells 360 600 720 1200 1200



RNC 1500 architectureThis section presents the RNC 1500 architecture.It is split into: RNC 1500 general architecture RNC 1500 CallP architecture



RNC 1500 general architectureThe RNC 1500 cabinet contains in the lower shelf, the Multiservice Switch 15000.The following figure shows the RNC 1500 architecture.



Figure 8 RNC 1500 architecture

Multiservice Switch 15000 architecture



The Multiservice Switch 15000 houses the main types of processing unit in the following modules: 16p OC-3/STM-1 CP3 Fabric Packet ServerIn the full RNC 1500 configuration, 12 PSs can be hosted. The Packet Server board contains 6PMCs (PCI Mezzanine Cards).The PSs work with load sharing redundancy; some PS load is reserved in each PS to take over theprocessing capacity when there is a failure in one of the PS.

Roles of the PMCThis section describes the roles of the PMC.

Master (PMC-M)2 per RNC used for the management of all the others PMCs. it contains the Resource and Transport Manager. PMC-Ms are 1+1 spared : 1 active and 1 standby per RNC and must be on separate PSs.

Protocol Converter (PMC-PC)1 per PS, maximum 12 per RNC Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) functions to do IP/AAL2 to IP/AAL5 conversion and vice

versa.

Load sharing redundancy.

Radio Access Bearers (PMC-RAB)Up to 40 per RNC High touch bearer processing. Radio Protocol Handling (MAC, RLC), Interface bearer, Macro

Diversity Handover. Load sharing redundancy.

Network Interface (PMC-NI)2 per RNC hosts the functionality of the MTP3b and SCCP layers of the SS7 stack. PMC-NIs are 1+1 spared : 1 active and 1 standby per RNC and must be on separate PSs.

Traffic Management units (PMC-TMU)Up to 14 per RNC TMU-R FP software is ported to this PMC. Terminates Radio Network interface protocols : RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP. Support RRM, Always-on, QoS Management, Call Admission, iRM scheduling.



PMC-TMUs are shared N+P.

OAM Management units (PMC-OMU)2 per RNC Equivalent to OMU function on RNC 1000. Manages Control Plane functions on RNC 1500 (equivalent to PMC-M of User Plane for the

performing centralized maintenance functions): Performance, Configuration and Fault Management. Call Trace Management. Overload control and load balancing of Plane resources. Radio Network Subsystem OAM&P.

PMC-OMUs support 1+1 Hot Redundancy.



RNC CallP architectureThis section presents the RNC 1500 CallP architecture.For more information refer to Nortel UMTS RNC 1000 Description (411-8111-906)



RNC 1500 services and featuresThe RNC 1500 services and features are split into: RNC 1500 main features RNC 1500 main characteristics RNC 1500 radio resource management other RNC 1500 features



RNC 1500 main featuresThe RNC 1500 main features are: ability to handle varying traffic loads adaptability to different equipment structures easy operation:

all modules have the same visual indicators. network connections are concentrated in a unique and easy access cable transition unit. path finding is used to illuminate a fault module

a robust and scalable platform: star architecture

It provides accurate and immediate fault detection. fault tolerance scheme

It provides fast fault recovery by reconfiguring software activity on the active modules. the traffic model independent of the RNC N+P redundancy (the nominal capacity is preserved with P failures) load balancing

The load balancing provides the distribution of processing over the modules for an optimalusage of the resources.

scalabilityPossibility to plug a new processing module to increase the capacity of the RNC cabinet.

plug and play: easy hardware maintenance or extension by extracting or inserting the modules hot module insertion or extraction without service interruption



RNC 1500 main characteristicsThe purpose of this part is to give a high level presentation of the RNC 1500 main characteristics: RNC 1500 main roles RNC 1500 processing units RNC 1500 capacity and dimensioning RNC 1500 hardware sparing

RNC 1500 main rolesThe RNC 1500 is fully redundant. It provides the following main functions: RRM (Radio Resource Management):

to process radio accesses to process measurements from the UEs and Node Bs to allocate radio channels (for traffic and signaling) to monitor radio channel operating states to launch the power control procedures to launch the handover procedures

Call processing: to set up and release terrestrial and radio links (for traffic and signaling) to set up the radio bearer to transfer the signaling messages between the UEs and the CNs to transfer the speech data channels between the UEs and the CNs

Node B management: to set physical channels to set the transport channels to provide Node B reconfiguration, if needed to update system parameters

RNC 1500 defense: to detect and correct failures and operating anomalies to provide robustness by isolating faulty units, to avoid problem spreading to provide equipment unit reconfiguration using redundant units. These functions include for

the RNC 1500 the module switching and restart mechanisms.

RNC 1500 processing unitsThe RNC 1500 software architecture is based on a set of processors called a "core system", whichcan be tailored to fit into different hardware structures. The core system is divided into logicalprocessing units. A set of modules which house boards and processors provides each logical unitwith the processing power it needs.



Multiservice Switch 15000 processing unitsThe main types of processing unit are split up for the Multiservice Switch 15000: CP3 modules to manage:

the Preside Wireless Platform access (MDM) and the related function each process in the Multiservice Switch 15000

Packet Server modules to provide: UMTS user plane services: service communication, AAL2 switching, cells radio bearer

processing and UEs radio bearer processing the communication services to the other RNC 1500 interfaces, cell and UE radio bearer

allocator and transport bearer allocator RMAN: Resource MANager) Traffic management (TM) Policing Service interworking ILS, PVC, SVC services Operation and maintenance Performance management Billing/accounting Provisioning Scalability Virtual Path Terminology (VPT) Fault/traffic management Sparing 1+1 and N+1 for the PMCs

16p OC-3/STM-1 modules:to provide 16 single mode ports that support either UNI (User-Network Interface) or ATMMultiservice Switch-Multiservice Switch interface for each OC-3/STM-1 port

The Fabric modules:to provide the centralized resources required to support the Multiservice Switch 15000applications

RNC 1500 capacity and dimensioningThe RNC 1500 has been designed to increase operators revenue and decrease its costs: theperformances of the product is a key area to reach this objectives, through the following: High Capacity platform, providing reduced footprint and reduced price per Mbit/s Scalable product, enabling a 'Pay as you grow' approach Flexible solution, addressing deported and centralized deploymentsThe main dimensioning factors of the RNC 1500 are:



Coverage: number of NodeB & Cells supported by the RNC Connectivity: E1 & STM1 Capacity: real time capacity is a function of call model and is expressed in term of users and/or

throughput.For the RNC 1500, with the maximum configuration (1 shelf with 12PSs) : 200 Node Bs per serving RNC 1200 cells per serving RNC All voice:

Service = Speech Bearer = CS 12.2 AMR Simultaneous TRB subscribers (Erlang) = 3900 Referenced subscribers = 220,000

All data: Service = Mobile Office Internet Bearer = PS 64/128 Referenced subscribers = 400,000 Iu Mbps/s application layer = 140

RNC 1500 hardware sparing Power is 1+1 Fans have a backup capacity in case of failure CP3 is 1+1 hot redundancy PMC-M is 1+1 hot redundancy

in the case of a PMC-M active failure, the PMC-M standby becomes active no impact on established cell and UE calls, but no news calls for 2 seconds ( OMU must

recognize the PMC SWACT and update the links) PMC-NI is 1+1 hot redundancy

if the PMC-NI active fails, the PMC-NI standby becomes active. no impact to service

PMC-OMU is 1+1 hot redundancy : one active and one standby.In case of CP switchover an PMC-OMU SWACT is forced.

PMC-TMU is N+P redundancy cells are recreated on the spare PMC-TMU there is no service interruption to cells UE calls are lost

PMC-RAB



load is shared with remaining PMC-RABs after failure UE calls on faulty PMC-RAB lost, whereas cells maintained due to sparing

PMC-PC load is shared with remaining PMC-PCs after failure paths on faulty PMC-PC are maintained due to sparing

16pOC-3/STM-1 has 1+1 LAPS switch over to standby 16pOC-3/STM-1 module or port no impact to service, cell or UE calls may lose packets but not dropped upgrade with 1 minute predicted HSM outage while all paths are re-boud

Switch fabric has 1+1 load shared both fabrics are working simultaneously no outage in the case where one fabric fails



RNC 1500 radio resource managementThis section describes the RNC 1500 radio resource management functions.

Nortel Radio Resource Management (RRM) is an essential piece of the RNC 1500 software thatcontrols the allocation and maintenance of the radio resources during a communication. Efficientradio resource allocation and management guarantees QoS and offers high capacity.The main functions related to Nortel's RRM solution are: Admission control Congestion control Power control Radio measurements

Admission controlThe purpose of the admission control is to admit or deny new usersNortel's admission control mechanism is basically made of two steps: RAB Matching :It performs the mapping of the requested RAB onto one of the supported Radio

Bearer (RB) configurations. This step includes a RAB to RB mapping table which provides meanto admit a RAB at a rate lower than the requested Maximum Bit Rate (MBR) according to the cellload. This function, which is called intelligent RAB Mapping (iRM), only applies to RAB with anInteractive or Background Traffic Class (TC).

Call Admission Control (CAC): it is the function located in the CRNC responsible for decidingwhether a request to establish a Radio Access Bearer (RAB) can be admitted in the UTRAN ornot based on the available resources. Radio CAC is based on power and OVSF codes in thedownlink and on interference in the UL (note that other CAC are performed at transport level andnode, i.e. NodeB and RNC, level). CAC is applied: At initial admission On RB reconfiguration: RB bit rate downgrading/upgrading, CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH

transition, etc On mobility: SHO, Inter-frequency HHO & 2G to 3G HHO

The Univity RNC component of QoS negotiation includes a RAB matching function that allows theUnivity RNC to map the RAB requested by the Core Network, to an appropriate provisioned RB. Thisfunction ensures proper inter-operability on the Iu interface for all requested data rate and maximizesthe success rate of the RAB Assignment procedure. Thanks to the intelligent RAB Mapping (iRM)function, the selected RB may then be replaced by a downsized RB, depending on the cell loadingand the subscriber priority (OLS).Nortel iRM allows maximizing the number of subscribers and multimedia services within the availablefrequency spectrum and minimizing the blocking for subscribers at the busy hour. The operator isstimulating the traffic, so increases revenues and the satisfaction of the subscriber, out of the busyhour.

Congestion controlThe task of congestion control is to monitor, detect and handle situations when the system isreaching an overload situation with the already connected users.



Nortel's congestion control provides two ways to fight against overload: Preventive actions to avoid overload, this is achieved thanks to iRM If overload happens, congestion handling mechanisms bring the system back to normal load, this

is achieved thanks to the iRM pre-emption feature

Power controlThis group of functions control the level of the transmitted power in order to minimize interferenceand keep the quality of the connections. Nortel supports: DL and UL Outer Loop Power Control DL and UL Inner Loop Power Control and DL power balancing UL Open Loop Power Control

Radio measurementsThis function performs measurements on radio channels (located in UE and UTRAN). The UTRANprocesses these measurements and make use of them for RRM.

Other functionsIn addition to that, Nortel's RRM solution also provides a set of sophisticated features allowing anoperator to make the best usage of its radio resources such as: Switch from CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH (and vice versa) based on user activity (Always-On

feature) RB bit rate downgrading and upgrading based on radio conditions (iRM Scheduling feature)



Other RNC 1500 features

IMAIMA is used to transport an ATM cell stream over several physical links and preserve sequencingand integrity. ICP cells are introduced every 128 cells to frame the payload over the different links.In the NodeBs the ATM switching matrix generates a cell stream that will be framed with ICP cells,rate adapted with filler cell before being mapped in a round robin fashion over the E1/T1 span. Theoriginal stream is then restituted at the RNC 1500 or other IMA terminating equipment.The IMA provides for constant physical monitoring including CRC-10 and CDV. When a link does notmeet the quality criteria, it goes out of service and falls into a fast, medium, or slow recovery mode allmanaged by the IMA state machine. To compensate for delays stuffing events are introduced in thecell stream.

Security featuresThe security is a major concern for all parties involved in the telecommunication: from subscriber tothe service provider, including the wireless access network operator.As far as security of the radio access link is concerned, the RNC 1500 provides two essentialmechanisms (Integrity protection and ciphering of radio interface messages), ensuring both: the integrity of the messages exchange between the UE and the network the confidentiality of the messages exchange between the UE and the network

Integrity protectionThe integrity protection of the radio interface is a new and mandatory requirement for the UMTS.The integrity protection applies to signaling messages but not to user traffic data.The integrity protection mechanism ensures that the messages received by one party of the dialoguecome from the expected remote party and prevents from the use of a false BTS.The integrity protection is supported by the Nortel RNC 1500.

CipheringThe Ciphering mechanism ensures confidentiality of signaling message and of user traffic data. Itmakes the content of the messages exchanged not readable, not understandable by external partiesother than the two ends of the dialogue. The ciphering is performed in the RNC 1500 for the CSdomain and for the PS domain.



RNC 1500 interfaces and protocolsThis section presents the RNC 1500 interfaces and protocols.The RNC 1500 interfaces and protocols are split into the following: RNC 1500 interfaces RNC 1500 protocols



RNC 1500 interfacesThe external interfaces of the RNC 1500 are the following: Iu interface towards the Core Network Iur interface towards another RNC Iub interface towards the iBTS Iupc interface towards the SAS OAM interface towards the network management platform (W-NMS) or the TMLThe UTRAN interfaces (Iu, Iub, Iur) are provided by the Interface Node.Iu, Iub, and Iur are all open, multi-vendor, standard interfaces based on ATM layer 2 protocols forUMTS release 99.The following figure describes these interfaces.Figure 9 RNC 1500 interfaces

The SS7 stack on the RNC is currently used on both Iu link between the Core Network and the RNC,and on the Iur link between neighboring RNC nodes.

Iu interfaceThe Iu interface is an open interface between the Access Network and the Core Network. In Nortel'ssolution this is the interface between RNC and either SGSN (for the packet domain) or MSC (for thecircuit domain).



On this interface, the SCCP supports transport of RANAP messages used by the Control Plane.The signalling bearers in the Radio Network Control Plane for Iu-CS areMTP3b/SSCF-NNI/SSCOP/ALL5 over ATM.Figure 10 Iu CS protocol view

The signalling bearers in the Radio Network Control Plane for Iu-PS areMTP3b/SSCF-NNI/SSCOP/ALL5 over ATM.



Figure 11 Iu PS protocol view

Iur interfaceThe Iur interface supports traffic exchange between RNCs inside the UMTS network. Iur Interfacebetween the neighboring RNCs is a feature required by the 3GPP standards.The Iur interface is open and facilitates the inter-connection of RNCs supplied by differentmanufacturers.The Iur interface has the following functions: Transport Network Management Traffic management of Transport ChannelsOn this interface, SCCP supports transport of RNSAP messages used by the Control Plane.The signalling bearers in the Radio Network Control Plane for Iur are



MTP3b/SSCF-NNI/SSCOP/ALL5 over ATM.Figure 12 Iur protocol view

Iub interfaceThe Iub interface is between RNCs and Node B. This interface is an equivalent to the GSM AbisO&M and RSL. As opposed to the GSM case, this interface is partially compliant with the 3GGPstandard. The main difference with Iub interface in the 3GGP standard is the use a proprietaryextensions over NBAP for the management of the AAL2 connections instead of the use of ALCAP.The NBAP is the control protocol used between Node B and RNC.ALCAP is not supported on the Iub Interface.The signalling bearers in the Radio Network Control Plane for Iub are SSCF-UNI/SSCOP/ALL5 overATM.



Figure 13 Iub protocol view

Iupc interfaceIupc is the interface for Assisted Global Positioning System (A-GPS) location services. The NetworkA-GPS introduced in UMTS04, consists of locating the geographical position of a mobile with A-GPSpositioning technology. To support this technology, the UE is equipped with a GPS receiver and theRNC is connected to a standalone A-GPS Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) (SAS). For moreinformation about the A-GPS see UMTS Network Overview (411-8111-101).



Figure 14 Iupc protocol view

OAM interfaceThe OAM interface connects the RNC to the OAM access or W-NMSThe OAM interface is also used to connect the TML.This interface uses an Ethernet link.The OAM access or the TML can be connected to the following module: CP3 module

OC-3/STM-1The OC-3/STM-1 optical fibers support the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces. They consist of two physicalSONET/SDH interfaces configured as OC-3/STM-1. Its main function is to perform all physical layerfunctions necessary in the RNC. This include SONET/SDH overhead processing and transmissionconvergence.

IuPC interfaceThe IuPC interface is the logical interface for the interconnection of the SAS and RNC.



The IuPC interface according to 3GPP standard, enables SRNC and SAS to exchange informationrelated to the positioning data.The IuPC interface carries the Positioning Calculation Application Part (PCAP) information betweenthe SAS which provides information and processing for assisted position calculation, and the RNC,which communicates between the UE and the Core Network.



RNC 1500 protocolsThis section gives an high level presentation of the two RNC 1500 protocols : User Plane (U-Plane) protocols Control Plane (C-Plane) protocolsUser Plane (U-Plane) protocolsThe following figures show briefly the main protocols used for communication on the user planerespectively: Circuit Switched (CS) domain Packet Switched (PS) domainThe user plane is used to carry any type of user information, such as: user data information user control informationIn order to carry information on the Iu (Iu-CS and Iu-PS), Iub, and Iur interfaces, specific frames arebuilt. These frames are carried in AAL2 frames except for the Iu PS interface where theGTP/UDP/IP/AAL5 protocol is used as transport layer. They are called FP (Frame Protocol).They consist of a header, and a payload.The header contains the following information: a checksum the frame type field information related to the frame typeThe payload contains either control or data information.The Iub uses Frame Protocol (FP) to carry: dedicated information common informationWhen dedicated user data information is carried, at the same time a "Quality Estimate" parameter issent, in order to indicate if the payload is good (or bad) from a radio point of view.Dedicated user control information can be used to transport "outer loop power control" parameters.For example:For more information about the User Plane Protocol stack see UMTS Network Overview(411-8111-101).Control Plane (C-Plane) protocolsThe main protocols used by the Control plane are as follows: RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Protocol) NBAP (Node B Application Protocol) RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol)



RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Protocol)The RANAP is used on Iu, between the RNC and Core Network for the CS domain or the PSdomain.It is an evolved GSM BSSMAP protocol.It performs the following main functions: RAB management relocation of an S-RNC transport of NAS signaling messages paging controlling the security mode location reporting

NBAP (Node B Application Protocol)The NBAP is used on Iub, between the RNC and the Node B.It performs the following main functions: cell configuration management radio link management and supervision measurements on common and dedicated resources system information management

RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Protocol)The RNSAP is used on Iur, between the two closest RNCs. One is used as the Server RNC (S-RNC)and the other as Drift RNC (D-RNC).It performs the following main functions: radio link management physical channel reconfiguration relocation execution measurement on dedicated resources pagingFor more information about theUTRAN C-Plane protocols see UMTS Network Overview(411-8111-101).



RNC 1500 hardwareThe purpose of this part is to describe the RNC 1500 hardware. It contains the following sections: RNC 1500 hardware presentation RNC 1500 hardware modules description RNC 1500 cooling system description RNC 1500 power supply and alarm system



RNC 1500 hardware presentationThis section presents the main RNC 1500 hardware configurations.The RNC 1500 configurations of the following types of the RNC 1500 exist: RNC-PCM is used in the UMTS 2100 with the PCM-x configuration RNC-SDH/SONET is used respectively in UMTS 2100 and UMTS 1900, with the RNC SDH-x

and RNC X SONET configurations.

RNC-PCMThe RNC-PCM, used for a PCM-x configuration, is housed in two cabinets which are: an RNC cabinet an Access Node cabinet

RNC 1500 cabinetThe RNC 1500 cabinet contains the following items: a Multiservice Switch 15000. a cooling system. a power-alarm system.The following figures provide the following views respectively: RNC 1500 components layout on the front panel RNC 1500 components layout on the rear panel RNC 1500 modules on the front panel RNC 1500 modules on the rear panel



Figure 15 RNC 1500 components layout on the front panel



Figure 16 RNC 1500 components layout on the rear panel



Figure 17 RNC 1500 modules on the front panel



Figure 18 RNC 1500 modules on the rear panel

Multiservice Switch 15000The Multiservice Switch 15000 houses the following modules on the front panel: CP3 module



16p OC-3/STM-1 (16-port OC-3/STM-1) 6mPktServ FP (or PS FP) (Packet Server Frame Processor ) FILLER modules (dedicated to the Multiservice Switch 15000)The Multiservice Switch 15000 houses the following modules on the rear panel: MAC address Alarm BITS PIM (Power Interface Module) Fabric module

Cooling systemThe cooling system is mounted in the center of the frame. For the Multiservice Switch 15000, thecooling system is arranged in a push-pull configuration: cool air is pulled through the bottom shelfand ejected out of the back of the frame (the cooling unit acts as a baffle to deflect air horizontally outthe back of the frame). The lower cooling unit fans push out air while upper cooling fans pull in air.The cooling unit of the Multiservice Switch 15000 is made up of three field replaceable fans withcontroller. If one of the fans fails, an alarm is generated. If the temperature reaches an unacceptablelevel, the fan speed increases.

Power supply and alarm systemsRedundant -48 V dc feeds with independent ground return terminate on the BIP (Breaker InterfacePanel).The BIP provides low pass filtering reducing conducted emission on the battery feeds and distributesthe main battery feeds across five BIMs (Breaker Interface Module). The two BIMs, including fourbreakers each, powers the Multiservice Switch 15000 and the corresponding cooling unit.For each node, one BIM is operational and the second one provides redundancy in the case of abreaker failure.

PCM Access Node cabinetThe Access Node cabinet is a one-frame equipment which is split up into two parts (upper and lowerparts). It is built upon the Nortel Multiservice Switch 7480 technology.The upper part houses the following equipments: for the 120-ohm or 75-ohm E1 PCM links, 154 E1s are supported with IMA (Inverse multiplexing

on ATM) mode for the E1 PCM links, 224 E1 are supported without IMA modeThe lower part houses the following equipments: 2pOC3 STM-1 modules. New installations of the Access Node will be done with 2pOC3 STM-1

and MSA 32 single slot modules. Access Nodes already installed will keep MSA 32/STM-1Double Slot modules when upgraded, no retrofit is needed.In the following figures the single slotcards are displayed.

MSA32 modules. New installations of the Access Node will be done with MSA 32 SS. AccessNodes already installed will keep MSA 32 DS modules when upgraded, no retrofit is needed. Inthe following figures MSA32 cards are displayed as Single Slot.



CP2 modules (Control Processor) power supply assemblies cooling unit assemblyThe following figures provide the following views respectively: Access Node modules front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links Access Node modules front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links



Figure 19 Access Node modules front view for 120-ohm PCM E1 links



Figure 20 Access Node modules front view for 75-ohm PCM E1 links



RNC 1500 hardware modules descriptionThis part describes the hardware modules that are housed into the RNC Interface Node. It is split intothe following sections: Control Processor (CP3) module 16p OC-3/STM-1 module Packet Server FP (PS FP) module Fabric module LED description for Interface Node module



Control Processor (CP3) moduleThis section describes the hardware of the Multiservice Switch 15000 CP3 module. It is split into thefollowing subsections: CP3 module presentation and functions CP3 module external interfaces CP3 module electrical interfaces

CP3 module presentation and functionsThe Control Processor (CP3) manages all Multiservice Switch resources, interfaces with theMDM/MDP management system and contains a local disk for loads and logs. The CP3 processor isa Motorola PowerPC 755 at 400MHz with 256MB of RAM. The CP3 is provisioned in 1+1redundancy scheme and uses a proprietary operating system built on VxWorks. The hard disk in theCP3 module is 20G.The CP3 module is responsible for the following functions: Control of base Interface Node functions such as loading, fault detection and sparing Control over ATM PVC connections on the external interfaces Disk management Ethernet access to MDM/MDP via TCP/IP IP routing function for OMC-B/Node Bs links

CP3 module external interfacesThe purpose of this subsection is to provide a high-level presentation of the CP3 module interfaces: on the front panel on the backplane

Front panelThe CP3 module front panel is composed of the following components and connectors: two visual indicators (LEDs) two RJ45 connectors which provide an 10BaseT Ethernet access through TCP/IP to the TML or

an 100BaseT Ethernet access through TCP/IP to W-NMS. The CP3 module can be connecteddirectly or through one or two optional HUBs.

The following figure shows the CP3 module front view:



Figure 21 CP3 module: front view

BackplaneThe backplane of an CP3 module is composed of the following components: packet link redundancy redundant - 48 V dc links one Slot ID

CP3 module electrical interfaces



This module is powered by the -48 V dc, which comes from the operator boxes through the BIPframe assembly and PIM modules. It houses the following components: a dc/dc converter which provides power to each component a common ground for each board a fixed fuse to protect each component



16p OC-3/STM-1 moduleThis section describes the hardware of the Multiservice Switch 15000 16p OC-3/STM-1. It is split intothe following subsections: 16p OC-3/STM-1 module presentation and functions 16p OC-3/STM-1 module external interfaces 16p OC-3/STM-1 module electrical interfacesThe following figures show respectively hardware overview of the 16p OC-3/STM-1 module withclosed fiber hood and with opened fiber hood.Figure 22 16p OC-3/STM-1: front view



Figure 23 16p OC-3/STM-1 module: hardware overview with opened fiber hood

OC-3C/STM-1 module presentation and functionsThe OC3/STM1 FP has 16 ports and is available in single mode only. This FP contains 16



OC-3/STM-1 duplex HP MTRJ fiber optic transceivers and supports either one user-network interface(UNI) or one ATM Multiservice Switch interface for each port. The FP can operate from either side ofthe user/network boundary. Each OC-3/STM-1 ATM port supports a line rate of 155.52Mbit/s thatoperates in B-ISDN mode.The OC3 FP runs on Motorola Power PC 750 processors at 233MHz and with 128MB of RAM. It isprovisioned in 1+1 redundancy scheme and supports Automatic Protection Switching and as such isable to recover from board failure within 50ms.

OC-3C/STM-1 module external interfacesThe purpose of this part it to give a high-level presentation of the 16p OC-3/STM-1 module interfaceson the front panel and backpanel.

Front panelThe single front panel of an 16p OC-3/STM-1 module is composed of the following components andconnectors:

two visual indicators (LEDs) 16 connectors for the single-mode OC-3/STM-1 optical fibers.

Each connector houses the following connectors for the transmission/reception: MT-RJ for 16pSTM-1 (used for UMTS 2100) LC connector for 16pOC-3 (used for UMTS 1900)Two 16p OC-3/STM-1 are available with different PEC codes. For more information seeUMTSRNC 1500 Maintenance Guide (411-8111-563).Each OC-3/STM-1 ATM unchanelized port supports a line rate of 155.52 Mbits/s that operates inB-ISDN mode and supports single mode optical fiber. (please refer to Main site specification formore details on optical interface).

BackplaneThe backplane of an 16p OC-3/STM-1 module is composed of the following components: packet link redundancy redundant - 48 V dc links slot ID

OC-3C/STM-1 module electrical interfacesThis section presents the electrical interfaces of the 16p OC-3/STM-1.This module is powered by the -48 V dc that comes from the operator boxes through the: BIP assembly PIM modulesThis module houses the following components: a dc/dc converter which provides power to each component a common ground for each board a fixed fuse to protect each component



Packet Server module hardwareThis section describes the hardware of the Multiservice Switch 15000 Packet Server module. It issplit into the following subsections Packet Server module presentation and functions Packet Server module external interfaces Packet Server module electrical interfacesThe Packet Server module, also called PS FP or 6mPktServSP FP (6-module Packet Server FrameProcessor), is a server FP, which provides services for the other interfaces in the Multiservice Switch15000.

Packet Server module presentation and functionsThe packet server processor is based on internal open architecture PMC (PCI Mezzanine Card)interfaces for the daughter boards, allowing for rapid hardware upgrades and product evolution alongMoore's Law as soon as components are available to market.Each Packet Server FP board hosts 6 PMC. Among all PMCs, 2 (called PMC-M, 1 active, 1 standbyon a different card) are reserved for the management of all the others PMCs.The Nortel RNC uses PMCs from two vendors, each with PowerPC 7410 (G4) processors operatingat 450 MHz with 256 MB of SDRAM. The packet server is provisioned in load sharing redundancyscheme. The load is shared between the PMCs with an engineering margin, whereas PMC-M areprovisioned in 1+1 redundancy.The Packet Server module is responsible for the following functions: High-touch Bearer processing Radio protocol handling (MAC, RLC and PDCP) Interface bearer protocols Macro-Diversity Handover (frame selection, buffering, synchronization, combining/splitting) AAL2 SARing function (Segmentation And Re-assembly) Translation between AAL2 and IP All the CNode functions

Packet Server module external interfacesThe purpose of this part it to give a high level presentation of the Packet Server module interfacesthat are located on the front panel and on the backplane.

Front panelThe front panel of an Packet Server module is composed by two visual indicators (LEDs).The following figure shows a hardware overview of the Packet Server module.



Figure 24 Packet Server module: hardware overview

BackplaneThe backplane of an Packet Server module is composed of the following components: packet link redundancy - 48 V dc link redundancy Slot ID

Packet Server module electrical interfacesThis module is powered by the -48 V dc which comes from the operator boxes through the BIM



assembly and PIM modules. It houses the following components:

a dc/dc converter which provides power to each component a common ground for each board a fixed fuse to protect each component



Fabric moduleThis section gives a presentation of the Fabric module. It is split into the following subsections:

Fabric module presentation and functions Fabric module redundant backplane Fabric module control buses

Fabric module presentation and functionsThe Fabric module provides the centralized resources required to support the Multiservice Switch15000 applications. The Multiservice Switch 15000 has two 56,3Gbit/s redundant switching fabriccards. It is connected by high speed serial bidirectional 3.2 G/bits links to the switching the elements,which reside on each fabric module.The Fabric module operates in redundant mode. For this mode two Fabric modules are used. BothFabric modules contain duplicated information and are connected to each other by redundant links.While one Fabric module operates as the active module, the second module operates in warmstandby mode to provide instant availability.The following figures show respectively: Fabric modules on the rear panel of a RNC 1500 cabinet hardware overview of a Fabric module



Figure 25 RNC cabinet: lower shelf assembly components, rear view



Figure 26 Fabric module: hardware overview

Fabric module redundant backplaneWithin an interface node, two Fabric modules provide backplane redundancy. They are referred to asthe X Fabric and Y Fabric modules

The X Fabric module and the Y Fabric module are used in a load-sharing mode. Upon failure ofeither Fabric module, all traffic is carried by the other fabric. Physically there is only one type ofFabric card. The designation of X vs Y Fabric module is determined by the location of the Fabricmodule. The Fabric module must read X or Y designation from backplane pins.



The Fabric modules provide redundant backplane communication in the interface node betweensixteen modules. The Fabric modules are not included in the count of these sixteen modules.Therefore the interface node can still have: two CP3 modules up to twelve Packet Server modules two 16p OC-3/STM-1 modules

on the front panel: two visual indicators (LEDs)



LED description for Multiservice Switch 15000 moduleThis section gives a description of the LEDs on the Multiservice Switch 15000 modules.

LED descriptionEach module inside the Multiservice Switch 15000 houses the same three LEDs on the upper part ofthe front panel to facilitate on-site maintenance and reduce the risk of human error.The actual colors of these LEDs are referenced as: amber with a circular shape red with a triangular shape green with a rectangular shapeThe red and green LEDs indicate the module status.The amber led indicates that the module can not operate.The following figure shows the position of each LED for each module (except the Filler module).Figure 27 Module front panel indicators

LED displayThe Multiservice Switch 15000 has only one LED active at any time, no combinations of green, red



and amber LEDs are available.The following table gives the description, combinations and states of the red LED, the green LED andthe amber LED for each module inside the interface node of the RNC 1500 cabinet.Table 1 Visual indicator description for all modules

LED display Module statusNo color No power is reaching the moduleSolid red The module is disabled.Slow pulsing red The module has passed self-tests but has not yet

fully loaded its software.Slow pulsing green The software of the module is fully loaded but not

yet activated. For the interface node, the modulemay also be locked.

Fast pulsing green The module is running as standby.Solid green The module in active serviceSolid amber The module is not configured on this slot.



RNC 1500 cooling system descriptionThe purpose of this section is to provide a high-level presentation of the cooling system. The coolingsystem components are as follows: RNC 1500 environmental control equipment air filters temperature sensors cooling unitsIf the upper shelf is empty, one cooling unit is placed on the rear for the lower shelf. if the cabinet isfull, two cooling units are placed in the middle of the frame.The following figure shows the relationship between the upper cooling unit and the upper shelf andbetween the lower cooling unit and the lower shelf in an RNC 1500 cabinet.Each cooling unit consists of three fan modules and a cooling unit backplane located in a commonshelf. Each cooling unit is controlled by remote temperature sensors located in the shelf assembly. Ifone of the fans fails, an alarm is generated. If the temperature reaches an unacceptable level, the fanspeed increases.Upper cooling unit pushes air from the fans under modules to the top of the upper shelf assembly. The upper cooling unit is only installed if the upper shelf has been installed. Lower cooling unit pulls air from the bottom of the frame to the rear of the lower shelf assembly.The RNC 1500 must always be operated with the cooling units on to avoid damage to the differentmodule in the cabinet.



Figure 28 Upper and lower cooling unit in an RNC 1500 with airflow direction

RNC 1500 environmental control equipment



The RNC 1500 environmental control equipment consists of two cooling units located in the middle ofthe frame, between the upper and lower shelf assemblies. The upper cooling unit pushes air from thefan under the modules in the upper shelf assembly and out through the exhaust plenum under theBIP. The lower cooling unit pulls air in from the bottom of the frame, over the modules in the lowershelf assembly and out through the fan assembly.Each cooling unit consists of three fan modules and a cooling unit backplane located in a commonshelf. Each cooling unit is controlled by remote temperature sensors located in the shelf assembly.Under normal operation and with 2200 W dissipated power, the cooling unit provides sufficient airflow (1 to 1.2 m/s), in the case of air conditioner failure, to maintain an overall air temperature riseacross the shelf of less than 15C (59F).At temperatures above 55C (131F), the fans switch to high (full) speed to increase air flow andcooling of the shelf. The fans return to normal speed when the temperature falls below 46C (115F).Air filtersThe RNC 1500 frame is equipped with air filters to prevent dust and other airborne contaminantsfrom being drawn into the shelf assemblies by the cooling units. The filters also assist air flow byacting as airflow diffusers. The air filter for the lower cooling unit is located at the bottom of the frame.The air filter for the upper cooling unit is located in the middle of the frame, between the uppercooling unit and the upper shelf.The air filters must be installed in the frame assembly to ensure proper air flow across the shelfassembly. The RNC 1500 must not be operated when the air filters are removed, except during filterreplacement.

Temperature sensorsA temperature sensor (one per fan controller) is placed in the air flow above the shelf assembly in theexhaust air stream. Each temperature sensor is mounted on a PCB (Printed Circuit board). Thetemperature sensors are not linked directly to a specific fan and can monitor the air flow generatedby multiple fans simultaneously.The temperature sensors are linked to a temperature interface block, which provides bias to thesensors, monitors faults in the sensor circuit, and processes temperature information. If temperaturesgreater than 72C (162F) are detected, a HighTemp alarm is sent to the Alarm/BITS module wherethe alarm is indicated. When temperatures less than 55C (131F) are detected, the fans operate atnormal speeds. If temperatures between 55C and 72C (131F and 162F) are detected, the fansswitch to high-speed mode.The RNC environmental control equipment consists of two cooling units located in the middle of theframe, between the upper and lower shelf assemblies. The upper cooling unit pushes air from the fanunder the modules in the upper shelf assembly and out through the exhaust plenum under the BIP.The lower cooling unit pulls air in from the bottom of the frame, over the modules in the lower shelfassembly and out through the fan assembly.



Figure 29 Cooling unit: hardware overview

Cooling unitThe following figure shows the front view and the rear view of the cooling units on the RNC 1500.Each cooling unit houses the following components:



cooling unit description fan controller module cooling unit LED indicationsFigure 30 Cooling units: front and rear views



Cooling unit descriptionThe cooling unit maintains the ambient temperature inside the shelf assembly. Each cooling unit hasthe following characteristics: The dimensions for the upper and lower cooling unit are approximately 200mm height by 480mm

depth and 534mm width. Three individually replaceable fans. Three replaceable fan controllers. Fans runs at 2900RPM at normal operation to minimize wear and tear, and fan noise; fans run at

full speed (3600RPM) at fan-fail and over-temperature conditions. Each fan is controlled by a fan controller board. Fully redundant power (A and B feeds to cooling unit). Fan-fail and over-temperature lights the front LED and sends an alarm signal to the shelf. Cooling unit is based on Rotarian Maltese fan units (150mm L x 55mm W x 171mm H). Fan output CFM: 150@2900RPM and 300@3600RPM. Both front and rear cooling units are cabled from the rear. Front cooling unit (upper), if needed, is a push-type forced convection system; air is from the

bottom to the rear. Rear cooling unit (lower) is a pull type forced convection system : air flow direction is from the

bottom to the rear. LEDs are viewable from the front of both cooling units to confirm failure. An air filter is provided at the shelf level. The maximum dissipation of the RNC 1500 cabinet is 2600W.

Fan controller moduleA fan controller module controls the power supply to a fan, monitors the operation of the fan and itsspeed, and monitors the status of the remote temperature sensors. In the case of a failure, thecontroller sends an alarm signal to the alarm/BITS module and sends a status signal to the otherfans, forcing them to switch to a higher speed.

Cooling unit LED indicationsEach cooling unit is equipped with LEDs to indicate the status of the unit. The table below gives thedescription, combinations and states of the red LED and the green LED for the modules in the RNCcabinet.Table 2 Cooling unit LED indications

Red LED (triangular) Green LED (rectangular) Statusunlit LED unlit LED - the module is not poweredunlit LED lit LED - module is on, no fault detec-

tedlit LED unlit LED - missing fan or temperature

sensor detected. A FANFAILsignal is sent to the alarm/



Red LED (triangular) Green LED (rectangular) StatusBITS module, and the remain-ing fan modules are switchedto the high speed setting.



RNC 1500 power supply and alarm systemsThe power supply and alarm systems of the RNC 1500 cabinet are composed of the followingcomponents: the BIP (Breaker Interface Panel),

used for all power and alarm cabling used inside the RNC. four PIM modules,

for the Multiservice Switch 15000. They are used to transfer the -48 V dc each alarm to/fromeach Multiservice Switch 15000 module and the BIP.

a MAC address module,containing the range of MAC addresses available for assignment (based on the base addressvalue).

an Alarm/BITS module,terminating alarm and BITS signals.



BIP assemblyThe BIP (Breaker Interface Panel) assembly is located in a frame power distribution tray and ismounted on the top of the RNC 1500 frame.It provides a central location where redundant dc power feeds (nominal -48 V dc) connect to theswitch and route up to four BIMs (Breaker Interface Modules) with two BIMs per RNC 1500 shelf.Power is distributed from the BIMs to the shelves and the cooling units. The BIP also contains analarm module which monitors system components, generates alarms, and controls LED statusindicators.The BIP assembly contains a front cover, which provides the main following functions: It protects the components and connections on the front of the power breakers and alarm

module. It directs exhaust air venting from the upper cooling unit. It provides tool-only access through captive screws (for security and convenience).The front cover can be opened to access the retaining screws holding the BIM (Breaker InterfaceModule) and alarm module in place.The following figure shows the location of the individual components in the BIP assembly and thelocation of the power connectors.The BIP houses the following components: BIM (Breaker Interface Modules) alarm module



Figure 31 BIP: hardware overview

Table 3 Component power consumption



Component Quantity Typical Watts Typical Wattstotal

Maximum Wattstotal

CP3 2 37 74 55 x 216pOC-3/STM-1 2 130 260 150 x 2PS 12 100 1200 100 x 12BIP 1 13 13 21 x 1

Lower cooling unit 1 80 80 187 x 1Fabric 2 50 100 60 x 2

PIM 4 0 0 0

Alarm/BITS 1 1 1 1 x 1MAC address mod-ule

1 0 0 0

Total 1728 1939



PIM modulesThe PIM modules are the dc power conditioner. The shelf assembly houses four modules.The dc part of the PIM module houses the following connectors: a connector dedicated to alarms a connector dedicated to fan unit alarms a connector dedicated to the -48 V dc a power blockThe PIM module also provides the alarm interface between the central distribution boxes and theMultiservice Switch 15000.The following figure shows an hardware overview of the PIM module.



Figure 32 PIM module: hardware overview

PIM modules: location and physical description



RNC Description

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