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RNA - Transcription, Regulation and sequencingByLakshmikirupa SDNARNAsTranscriptionSplicingRegulation examplesSequencing

Braveheart!DNA the genetic material!

DNA magnified a million times!!

Scannimg tunneling micrograph of DNA 2,000,000X98 % of DNA is junk??Central dogmaMammalian Gene collection project cDNA sequences of coding potential based on 5 end seq

FANTOM cDNA sequences of novelty of end sequences

No of lond ncRNAs >>> protein coding RNAs

Tiling arrayUpto 93 % of genome is transcribed

The Chemistry!

The meeting point of Coding and non coding RNAsTranscription

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RNAsnRNAsnoRNAscaRNArRNAtRNAlinRNAAnti-sense RNA

RNAirasiRNApiRNAsiRNAmiRNA stRNAmRNACodingNon coding

Various functions of lncRNARNA in unexpected placesImprintingDosage compensationCell cycle regulationPluripotencyRetro-transposon silencingMeiotic entryTelomere lengthChromatin state regulation

Post-transcriptional regulationPost-translational protein activity regulationProtein complexes organisationCell-cell signallingRecombination

Long non coding RNAsRegulate gene expression by various mechanismsSpecies specific less conservativeDifferentially across various tissuesZebrafish embryos- loss of function of cyrano and megamind various developmental defects HOTTIP limb formationSubset of lncRNA depletion in mouse global lineage program upregulationpromote or suppress somatic differentiation

5% of the cells weight is RNA whereas DNA is just 1%Half-life of DNA is 521 yearsSingle gram of DNA can store 700 terabytes of data on a single gram of DNA