José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda (June 19,

1861 – December 30, 1896), the "Pride of the Malay Race"

and "The Great Malayan," is the national hero of the

Philippines.

His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers," came from Biñan, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called "loving and prudent mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila.

RIZAL’S PARENTS

Rizal FamilyHe was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls).

SATURNINA PACIANO NARCISA OLIMPIA LUCIA MARIAJOSE PROTACIO RIZAL CONCEPCION JOSEFA (PANGGOY) TRINIDAD SOLEDAD

Home of Rizal

When he was nine years of age José Rizal was sent to a boy's school in Biñan, where lived his uncle José Alberto.

His teacher was Dr. Justiniano Aquino Cruz,

Early Childhood Schooling at Biñan

Experiences with the Spaniards

Tragedies of LifeThe execution of the GOMBURZA

The Padres Burgos, Gomez, and ZamoraThese three Padres were shot by the Spaniards in connection with the "Cavite Rebellion" in 1872 when José Rizal was almost 11 years old. Although he still was a boy when they were executed their destiny determined all his life and his later deeds.

Studies at the Ateneo and UST

José Rizal was 11 years old when he entered Ateneo Municipal in Manila.

Studies at the Ateneo

Father Magin Fernando, who was the college registrar, denied Rizal of admittance for two reasons: 1.) he was late for registration

2.) he was sickly and undersize for his age

Studies at the Ateneo

Ateneo MunicipalThe Ateneo Municipal at Manila had been established by the Jesuits in 1859 and at the end of the 19th. century it passed for the school with the most developed study methods in the Philippines.

Studies at the Ateneo

DormetoryPaciano who accompanied Jose, found him a house in Walled City, Intramuros and the school looked gloomy to José, and, finally, he found lodging outside, in the house of a spinster situated on Calle Carballo in the district of Santa Cruz.

entrance door of the school

Studies at the Ateneo

One month he had attained to the Rank of Emperor

Studies at the Ateneo

First Year in Ateneo (1972-73)

To improve his Spanish, Jose Rizal took private lesson in Santa Isabel College during the noon recess while students were playing and gossiping.

At the end of the term he obtained marks of excellent in all the subjects

and in the examinations.

Second year in Ateneo (1873-74)

Studies at the Ateneo

He studied harder this year and regained his leadership composure and became an emperor again.

His Favorite Books1. ‘Count of Monte Cristo’ (Alexander Dumas) – characterized by Edmond Dantes (the hero) in prison, is spectacular escape from the dungeon of Chateau d’ If, the finding of buried treasure on the rocky island of Monte Cristo, and his dramatic revenge on his enemies who had wronged him

2. ‘Travels in the Philippines’ (Dr. Feodor Jagor) – a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860

3. ‘Universal History’ (Cesar Cantu) – a non-fiction historical work.

Third year in Ateneo (187-75)

Studies at the Ateneo

He was disappointed to the result of his class performance as in the previous year, although his grades remained excellent in all subjects. He won a single medal in Latin. He failed to win a medal in Spanish because his spoken Spanish was not that fluent.

Studies at the Ateneo

Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)

June 16, 1875, he became a boarder in Ateneo

Rizal professor Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez -Rizal favorite professor- great educator and scholar- inspired him to write poetry and to study harder- taught him Geometry, French, Latin

- recognized his God-given talents- “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love” for the advancement of his students

Studies at the Ateneo

Last year in Ateneo (1876-77)

Graduated on March 23, 1877 (16 years old) and received the

degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors and not a valedictorian.

Studies at the Ateneo

Extra Curricular Involvement

• an emperor inside the classroom•campus leader•active member and became a secretary, the Marian Congregation Religious Society•member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences •Poet•studied painting under the famous Spanish Painter, Agustin Saez•improved his sculpture talents under the supervision of Romualdo de Jesus•engaged in gymnastics and fencing and continued the physical training under his sports-minded Tio Manuel.

Rizal’s excellent handwriting

Studies at UST

At the age of 16 years he started his studies at the University of Santo Tomás at Manila.

Studies at UST

April 1877- Rizal matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas Course: Philosophy and Letters

He enrolled in this course for two reasons: (1)his father like it (2)He was “still uncertain to what career to follow

First Term (1877-78)

Studies at UST

University of Santo Tomas he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy and History of Philosophy

School Term (1978-79)

He took up medicine, enrolling simultaneously in preparatory medical course and the regular first year medical course

The reason why he studied medicine were:

1.) he wanted to be a physician so that he may cure his mother’s failing eyesight.

2.) the Father Recto of the University, whom he consulted for a choice of career, finally answered his letter, and recommended medicine.

Studies at UST

Finishes Surveying course in Ateneo (1878)

Vocational course leading to a title of porito agrimensor (expert surveyor)

He was unhappy of this Dominican Institution of high learning because

(1)the Dominican processors were hostile to him(2)the filipino students were racially discriminated(3)the method of teachings were obsolete and repressive.

Studies at UST

Romances of Rizal

Segunda Katigbak, was his first love but his first true romance was with Leonor Rivera.

There were at least nine women linked with Rizal; namely Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, Consuelo Ortiga, O-Sei San, Gertrude Beckette, Nelly Boustead, Suzanne Jacoby and Josephine Bracken.

Nine Women of Rizal

O Sei San

Leonor Rivera (with Teodora Alonso)

Nine Women of Rizal

Gertrude Beckett

Nellie Boustead

Nine Women of Rizal

Josephine Bracken

Suzanne Jacoby

Nine Women of Rizal

Consuelo Ortiga

Leonor Valenzuela