Rivers and Geomorphology
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Transcript of Rivers and Geomorphology
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Rivers and GeomorphologyCGF3M
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Rivers
1. Energy
2. Stages of River Development
3. Drainage Basins
4. River Patterns
5. Geomorphological Features
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Energy• Features due to erosion or deposition
depending on speed.• Low energy/low speed = deposition• High energy/high speed = erosion
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Stages of River Development
A: Youthful/Upper StageB: Mature/Middle StageC: Old/Low Stage
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Stages of River Development
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A: Youthful Stage• Steep, fast, straight, vertical erosion
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B: Mature Stage• Less steep, slower, meanders, horizontal
erosion
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C: Old Age Stage• Flat, slow, meandering, depositional
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Drainage Basins• Area in which all raindrops eventually
drain into the same river system, ocean, or lake (catchment, watershed)
The Amazon Drainage Basin
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Drainage Basins• Tributaries: smaller rivers that drain into
larger rivers.• Interfluves: pieces of higher land between
tributaries.• Divide: higher ground between drainage basins.
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Drainage Basin
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Drainage Patterns• Main river = trunk• Tributaries = branches• Distributaries = roots
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Drainage Patterns• 5 Drainage Patterns:
– Dendritic – Trellis – Radial– Deranged– Rectangular
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Drainage Patterns
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Dendric Drainage Pattern• Flow across level land, merging with other
rivers• Resemble branching tree
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Trellis and Rectangular• Ground is made of folded bedrock, rivers
may follow a straighter course along the softer bedrock, with hard rock on either side.
• Often in mountainous areas.• Trellis: one main trunk• Rectangular: square pattern
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Radial Pattern• Landforms influenced by volcanoes and
cone-shaped hills.• Streams radiate outward in all directions
from central zone
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Deranged Pattern• No distinct pattern noted• Often lakes are found throughout• Glaciation has torn the landscape leaving this deranged pattern
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Geomorphological Features• Levees: sediments deposited in the
stream channel that contain the water. (ridges).
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Geomorphological Features• Meander: sinuous back and forth sweep of
a river in old age.• Meander scar: an oxbow lake that has
dried up leaving a dry hollow where the river channel had been.
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Geomorphological Features• Oxbow lakes: an area of poor drainage
that occurs when a meander is cut off from the main river channel, forming a lake.
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Geomorphological Features• Delta: depositional feature found at the
mouth of a river.• River’s water reaches mouth of river and
the sediment is carried settles.
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Geomorphological Features• Estuary: the flooded mouth of a river
valley.
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