RIVER SYSTEM OF ODISHA

PRESENTED

BY

PREETI PRIYANKA MUDULI

All the rivers of Odisha primarily penisular rivers and have taken their origin from three important sources. They are..

The Chote Nagpur Pleatu

The AmarkantakPleatu

Eastern Ghats

Most Of the rivers Of Odisha have their sources beyond the border of the states.The major rivers which have their origin beyond Odisha .All the major rivers are drain into the bay of Bengal.

Major Rivers Of Odisha:The MahandiThe BrahmaniThe BaitaraniThe

SubarnarekhaThe

Budhabalanga

The BahudaThe VansadharaThe NagabaliThe IndravatiThe Rushikulya

RIVERS CATCHMENT AREA

BASINCATCHMENT AREA

TOTAL WITH IN ODISHA(sq.k.m) (sq.k.m) % TO GEOGRAPHICAL

AREA

MAHANADI 141134 65628 42.15

BRAMHANI 39116 22516 14.46

BAITRANI 14218 13482 8.66

BUDHABALANGA &JAMBHIRA

6991 6354 4.08

SUBARNAREKHA 19277 2983 1.92

BASIN

CATCHMENT AREATOTAL WITH IN ODISHA

(sq.k.m) (sq.k.m) % TO GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

RUSHIKULYA 8963 8963 5.76

INDRAVATI 41700 7400 4.75

VANSHADHARA 11377 8960 5.75

NAGABALI 9275 4500 2.89

AREA DRAINING DIRECTLY TO SEA

3731 2.4

There are four groups of rivers which flow through Odisha into the Bay of Bengal They are:

(i) Rivers that have a source outside the State (the Subarnarekha, the Brahmani the and the Mahanadi).(ii) Rivers having a source inside the State (the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Salandi, and the Rushikulya).(iii) Rivers having a source inside the Odisha, but flow through other states (the Bahuda, the Vansadhara River, and the Nagavali River).(iv) Rivers having a source inside Odisha, but tributary to rivers which flow through other states (the Machkund, the Sileru River, the Kolab, and the Indravati River).

THE MAHANADI:

It is the major river of Odisha and the sixth largest river in India. It originates from the sihawa hills of the Bastar Plateau in Raipur districts of (Chhattishgarh). It is about 857 km long (494 km in Odisha) and its catchment area spreads over 141,600 km2. (65,580 km².) in Odisha. The river carries on an average about 92,600 million m of water.

MAP VIEW OF MAHANNADI

The major tributaries of Mahanadi are Seonath, Jonk, Hasdo, Mand, Ib, Ong, Tel etc. .

TRIBUTARIES OF MAHANADI

o Seonath River: The Seonath River is the longest tributary of Mahanadi. It rises in an undulating region with numerous small groups of hills at Kotgal and flows 383 kilometers to join Mahanadi at its left bank at Khargand.

o Hasdo River: It rises in the Sarguja district of Chhattisgarh and traverses 333 kilometers to meet Mahanadi at Mahuadih.

o Mand River: Mand River originates at an elevation of 686 meters in Sarguja district of Chhatisgarh and flows 241 kilometers to meet.

o Ib River : Ib originates in Pandrapat of the Raigarh distriuct of Chhattishgarh and flows 251 kilometers to fall into Hirakud Dam. Its a rainfed river.

o Ong River: It rises at an elevation of 457 meters on a hill in the northern outskirts of hills located on the course of Jonk River and flows 204 kilometers to meet Mahandi at Sonepur.

o Tel River: Tel river originates in plain in the Koraput of Odisha. It traverses 296 kilometers to meet Mahanadi at Sonepur.

DISTRIBUTARIES OF MAHANADI:

KATHAJODIPAIKABIRUPACHITROPTALAGANGUTILUN

HIRAKUD DAM:-Total capacity 5,896,000,000 m3

(4,779,965 acre·ft)

Catchment Area 83,400 km2 (32,201 sq. mi) Hirakud is one of the major

multipurpose river valley project started after India’s Independence .

Length Total = 25.79 KilometersLength = 4.8 KilometersArtificial Lake = 743 Sq. KilometersIrrigated Area (both crop) = 235477

Hectares Power Generation = 347.5 MW(Installed

capacity)

In the upper drainage basin of the Mahanadi River, centered on the Chhatishgarh Plain, periodic droughts contrast with the situation in the lower delta region where floods may damage crops.

The dam was constructed to help alleviate these problems by creating a reservoir and controlling river flow through the drainage system.

The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 square kilometres of land.

The Hirakud Dam regulates 83,400 km² (32,200 mi²) of Mahanadi's drainage. The reservoir has a storage capacity of 5.818 km³ with gross of 8.136 km³.

PURPOSE

Name of the State Drainage Area (Km²) % of Total Area

Chhattisgarh 74,970 52.9

Odisha 65,600 46.3

Jharkhand 650 0.5

Maharastra 50 0.2

Madhya Pradesh 130 0.1

TOTAL 1,41,600 100.0

DRAINAGE AREA OF THE MAHANADI

PROJECT NAME RIVERS PURPOSEBagh Barrage Medium Irrigation Project

IrrrigatonBaghua Stage –IIMedium Irrigation Project

Irrrigaton

Birupa Ghunghuti IslandMedium Irrigation Project

Mahanadi Irrrigaton

Budhabudhiani Medium Irrigation Project

Budhabudhiani Irrrigaton

Dahuka Medium Irrigation Project

Dahuka, Baghmari Irrrigaton

Dumarbahal Mediun Irrigation Project Ong

Irrrigaton

Hadua Medium Irrigation Project

Hadua Irrrigaton

IRRIGATION PROJECT ON THE MAHANADI BASIN

PROJECT NAME RIVERS PURPOSEHirakud Major Irrigation Project

Mahanadi

IrrrigatonJharabandha Medium Irrigation Project

Kukuri Jhore Nalla Irrrigaton

Lower Indra Irrigation Project

Indra Irrrigaton

Lower Suktel Major Irrigation Project

Tel Irrrigaton

Mahanadi Birupa Barragemajor Irrigation Project

Irrrigaton

Mahandi Chitrotpola Major Irrigation Project

Mahanadi Irrrigaton

Mahandi Delta-i Major Irrigation Project

Mahanadi Irrrigaton

Mahandi Delta-ii Major Irrigation Project

Mahanadi

It is the second largest river in Odisha. It originates as two major rivers like the Sankh and the Koel from the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Bihar and both join at Veda Veyas near Rourkela Sundargarh district of Odisha forming the major River Brahmani. It flows through the Eastern Ghats in Sundargah, Deogarh,Kendujhar , Dhenkanal, Bhadrakh and Jajpur districts into the Coastal Plains and enters into the Bay of Bengal along with a combined mouth with the Baitarani known as the Dhamara. The Brahmani is 799 km long (541 km In Odisha) and its catchment area spreads over 39,033 km2 in Odisha).

THE BRAHMANI

DRAINAGE AREA OF THE BARMHIN RIVER

Rengali dam is located in Odisha. It is constructed across Bramhani Riverin Rengali village located 70 km from Anugul in Anugul District, Odisha in India

Features: Rengali dam is 70.5 m tall and 1040 m wide. The reservoir formed by the dam is the second largest reservoir in Odisha with 37, 840 hectares at full level and 28,000 hectares in mean level.

Rengali Irrigation Project: A barrage is constructed across the Brahmani river 35 km downstream of Rengali dam. The barrage is used to store the flood releases from the dam and divert it through two canal systems. It has a free catchment area of 4780 km2 and between the dam and barrage. The area records an annual rainfall of 1570 mm on average.

RENGALI DAM

IRRIGATION PROJECT ON THE BRAMHANI & THE BAITRANI

PROJECT NAME RIVERS PURPOSE

Annandpur BarrageCannal Irrigation Project

Baitrani Irrigation

Aunli Medium Irrigatio Project

Trikara Irrigation

Bitrani Irrigation Project

Baitrani Irrigation

Dadaraghati Medium Irrigation Project

Gambhira Nalla Irrigation

Deo Medium Irrigation Project

Deo Irrigation

Derjanga –I MediumIrrigation Project

Irrigation

Derjanga –I I MediumIrrigation Project

Irrigation

THE BAITRANIIt rises from the Gonasika in the Guptaganga hills ofKeonjhar district. The river traverses a total distanceof 360 kms. before falling into the Bay of Bengal.There are 64 large, medium and small tributaries,out of which 35 join on the left side and 29 join onthe right side of the river. The main tributaries areKangira, Ardei, Khairi Bhandan, Deo, Kanjhari, Sita,Musal, Kusei and Salandi River. The Salandioriginates from the Meghasani hills of the Similipalin Mayurbhanja district. It flows a distance of 144km with a catchment area of 1800 sq. km.

DRAINAGE AREA OF THE BAITRANI RIVER

It originates near Nagri village of the Chhotnagpurplateau of Jharkhand. Total length of the river fromits origin to its outfall into Bay of Bengal is 446.12km , including 79 km inside Odisha. The prominenttributaries of the Subarnarekha are Raru river,Kanchi river, Damra river, Karru river, Kharkhai river,Chinguru river, Karakari river, Gurma river, Garrariver, Singaduba river, Kodia river, Dulunga river & Khaijori river

THE SUBARNAREKHA

PROJECT NAME RIVERS PURPOSE

Baldiha Medium Irrigatioin Project

Baldiha Irrigation

Bankabahal Medium Irrigation Project

Mandavi Irrigation

Kharkhai Medium Irrigation Project

Khadkhai Irrigation

Subarnarekha Major Irrigation Project

Subarnarekha Irrigation

IRRIGATION PROJECT ON THE SUBARNAREKHA

The Budhabalanga originates from the Similipal range of hills on Mayurbhanj district and travels a total length of 198.75 km. before it finally emptiesinto the Bay of Bengal. The prominent tributaries of the Budhabalanga are Palapala, Sunei, Kalo, Sanjo, Deo, Gangahari and Katra.

THE BUDHABALANGA

THE NAGAVALI

The river Nagavali is a medium sized east flowing river in peninsular India. It is surrounded by Vamsadhara in the north, Champavathi and Peddagedda in the South, Godavari in the West and the Bay of Bengal in the east. It drains parts of the distgricts of Kalahandi, Rayagada, Koraput of Orissa and Sirkakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh State. The total basin area is 9510 Sq. Km. The Nagavali originates near the Lakhabahal in Kalahandi district at an elevation of about 1300 m. The total length of the river run is 256 Km., out of which the first 161 Km., are in Orissa and the rest in Andhra Pradesh

DRAINAGE AREA OF THE NAGAVALI

The river Rushikulya is one of the medium sized east flowing river in peninsular India. It is an important river of Orissa state and covers entire catchment area in the districts of Phulbani and Ganjam. The river flows through Purushottampur, Pratapur and joins with the Bay of Bengal at Ganjam district (Orissa.). The river lies within the geographical coordinates of 19.07 to 20.19 north latitude and 84.01 to 85.06 east longitude. The river Rushikulya originates at an elevation of about 1000 m. near Matabarhi village of Phulbani district. The total catchment area of the basin is 7,700 Sq. Km.

THE RUSHIKULYA

THE VANSADHARA

The Vamsadhara river is an important east flowing river between Mahanadi and Godavari. The river originates near Lanjigarh village in Kalahandi district and runs to a total distance of about 254 Km. before it joins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam. A number of tributaries join the river on both the sides. The total catchment area of this basin works out to 10,830 Sq. Km.

DRAINAGE AREA OF THE VANSHDHARA

THE INDRAVATI

It originates from the Eastern Ghats of Dandakaranya range in Kalahandi district & flows ina westerly direction; enters into Jagdalpur district inChhatisgarh state. It further traverses in the westerlydirection & thereafter in southern direction beforefinally meeting river Godavari at the border of Maharastra, Chhatisgarh & Andhra Pradesh. Themajor tributaries of river Indravati are KeshadharaNalla, Kandabindha Nallah, Chandragiri Nalla,Golagar Nalla, Poragarh Nalla, Kapur Nallah, MuranRiver, Bangiri Nallah, Telengi Nallah, Parlijori Nallah,Chourijori Nallah.

Indravati Dam is a on the Indravati River, about 90 km from Bhwanipatna in the state of Odisha in India. It is connected to the main Indravati reservoir via 4.32 km long and 7 m dia head race tunnel designed for a discharge capacity of 210 cumecs and terminating in a surge shaft. Currently it is the largest power producing dam in eastern India with a capacity of 600 MW.

The Upper Indravati Project envisages diversion of water of the Indravati river in its upper reaches into the Mahanadi river basin for power generation and irrigation. In addition to the power house, the project involved construction of 4 dams across the Indravati and its tributaries, 8 dykes and two inter-linking channels to form a single reservoir with a live capacity of 1,435.5 Million m3 and a barrage across Hati river in Mahanadi river basin.[

INDRAVATI DAM