FLOOD AWARENESS

& RESPONSE

RIVER QUALITY MONITORING BY STUDENTS

CONTENT

1.0 Introduction to the Status of Water in Malaysia

2.0 Excessive water use patterns in Malaysia

3.0 Water Watch Penang: Who are we and what do we do?

4.0 Use of Water Demand Management Methods to Change Lifestyles Towards Sustainable Consumption

5.0 Conclusion

Annual Rainfall = 3,000 mm

Rivers = > 150 rivers

Annual Total Water Resources = 990 billion m3 (BCM)

Surface Flow = 566 BCM

Groundwater = 64 BCM

Current Usage = < 3 % of Surface Flow

1.0 Introduction to the Status of Water in Malaysia

RICH IN WATER RESOURCES?

Annual Rainfall = 3,000 mm

Rivers = > 150 rivers

Annual Total Water Resources = 990 billion m3 (BCM)

Surface Flow = 566 BCM

Groundwater = 64 BCM

Current Usage = < 3 % of Surface Flow

Tmn Sri Muda,

Shah Alam,

Dec1995

Floods

Kuching 2003

Kuala Lumpur,

2005

PJ, 2000

Padang Kelab Selangor…. 1949

Shah Alam 2006

Despite being blessed with abundant rainfall averaging 3000 mm/year), water problems are increasing & pose a serious

threat to people & economy in Malaysia

CONSEQUENTLY, MANY STATES IN MALAYSIA ARE FACING WATER PROBLEMS & MANY WILL HAVE PROBLEMS IN THE

NEAR FUTURE

• 2007 – SELANGOR REACHED CAPACITY & IS NOW TAKING WATER FROM ELSEWHERE VIA INTER-STATE TRANSFER

• 2010 – PENANG IS EXPECTED TO HAVE INSUFFICIENT WATER (SO ARE WE GOING TO BUY WATER FROM KEDAH OR PERAK, TWO OF OUR “WATER-RICH” NEIGHBOURS)?

• 2010 – MELAKA, NEGRI SEMBILAN, PERLIS ARE ALSO ESTIMATED TO FACE WATER STRESS.

PENANG IS ONE OF THE MOST DEVELOPED STATES IN MALAYSIA BUT IT IS A “WATER-POOR” STATE EXPOSED TO DOUGHTS, WATER POLLUTION, WATER RATIONING, POOR WATER QUALITY, ETC

IF PENANG IS NOT CAREFUL, IT WILL FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF MANY DEVELOPED

COUNTRIES IN DRINKING RECYCLED WATER

DRINKING RECYCLED WATER IS A VERY REAL THREAT FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD

2.0 Excessive Water Use Patterns in Malaysia

Figure 1: Per capita water consumption per day in selected countries (Source: Chan and Vilas, 2006) (STD Standard).

Table 1: Water Consumption Per Capita Per Day in 2001

State/Federal Territory (Litres Per Capita Per Day)

Kedah 305 Sarawak 220Labuan 289 Perlis 261

Pahang 268 Negeri Sembilan 327Sabah 137 Perak 266

Melaka 389 Pulau Pinang 469Terengganu 317 Selangor (KL & Putrajaya) 323Johor 293 Kelantan 151

Malaysia (National Average) 287

(Source: The Malaysian Water Association, 2003:76)

Sabah 137 Perak 266 Pahang 268 Negeri Sembilan 327

Labuan 289 Perlis 261

2.0 Excessive Water Use Patterns in Malaysia

0

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700

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_________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 1: Per capita water consumption per day in selected countries (Source: Chan and Vilas, 2006) (STD=Standard).

Table 1: Water Consumption Per Capita Per Day in 2001 _________________________________________________________________________________

Spain

State/Federal Territory (Litres Per Capita Per Day)

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Kedah 305 Sarawak 220

Melaka 389 Pulau Pinang 469

__________________________________________________________________________________

Terengganu 317 Selangor (KL & Putrajaya) 323 Johor 293 Kelantan 151

Malaysia (National Average) 287 __________________________________________________________________________________

(Source: The Malaysian Water Association, 2003:76)

3.0 WATER WATCH PENANG: WHO ARE WE & WHAT DO WE DO?

Water Watch Penang (WWP) is the first truly “Water NGO” in Malaysia

WWP is a non-profit organisation set up in November 1997 as part of the Sustainable Penang Initiative under the auspices of the Socio-economic & Environmental Research

Institute (SERI) of Penang.

                                 

 

 

 

 

 

WATER WATCH PENANG IS BASED ON 5

PRINCIPLES

Through a process of public consultation in developing and using sustainable water indicators for monitoring the development of Penang

•ecological sustainability

•social justice

•economic productivity

•cultural vibrancy

•popular participation

To promote study, awareness, knowledge, conservation, protection

and the practice of a water saving society

Aim

ACTIVITIES

Creating awareness and water saving practices amongst the public, industry and government agencies;

Publishing and distributing articles, pamphlets, journals, periodicals and books;

Organising and conducting field trips,educational camps seminars, forums, conferences, lectures and talks

ACTIVITIES

““““Watch Dog”””” for water pricing, water pollution, non-revenue water, destruction of catchments & other issues relating to water

Networking with other societies dedicated to similar aims and objectives; and

Carry out Water Projects

INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN PROJECTS WITH WATER WATCH PENANG

• Involving The Private Sector - Partnership with local

authorities/water companies

• Water Watch Penang conducts water awareness

programmes in partnership with the Perbadanan

Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang (Penang Water Supply

Corporation) and act as a Consultant to PBAPP Sdn

Bhd

                                            

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ACTIVE WATERSHED YOUTH ACTION WHEREBY SCHOOL CHILDREN WERE TAKEN INTO THE PENANG NATIONAL PARK TO LEARN ABOUT THE WATER CYCLE

PRODUCTION OF VCD ON WATER CONSERVATION – PBA & FORD

INVOLVING ACADEMIC COMMUNITY PUBLICATIONS TO INCREASE AAAAccccttttiiiivvvviiiittttiiiieeeessss AWARENESS & EDUCATION

“Meeting Water Challenges in the 21st Century” 1997

‘Water Watch: A Community Action Guide’ – 18 June 1998

“Water: A Learning Manual”-2003

                                         

                    

           

         

               

               

     

       

    GGGGRRRRAAAASSSSSSSSRRRROOOOOOOOTTTT AAAACCCCTTTTIIIIVVVVIIIITTTTIIIIEEEESSSS

““““IIIINNNNVVVVOOOOLLLLVVVVIIIINNNNGGGG SSSSCCCCHHHHOOOOOOOOLLLLSSSS –––– CCCCAAAARRRRIIIINNNNGGGG FFFFOOOORRRR OOOOUUUURRRR RRRRIIIIVVVVEEEERRRRSSSS CCCCAAAAMMMMPPPPAAAAIIIIGGGGNNNN””””

Organised with PBA, FORD Foundation, Malaysian Nature Society (Penang Branch), etc. Objectives: to raise awareness on water conservation

to increase knowledge in water monitoring to encourage schools to adopt a river for monitoring

Activities: walk along river bank of Sg. Air Terjun test water quality (physical, biological and chemical parameters)

             

       

   

     

   

   

Watching Out For Our Rivers Air Terjun River (Tributary of Pinang River)

Monitoring River Water Quality & Collecting Water Samples for Testing

Talk on river protection & water

River water quality monitoring

River clean-up River Biology

Visit Water Treatment Plant

                    

                                            

    

     

   

     

   

     

     

 

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EEEEVVVVEEEERRRRYYYY YYYYEEEEAAAARRRR

EACH YEAR, WWD PROGRAMME REACHES ABOUT 1,000 PEOPLE, MOSTLY STUDENTS, PARENTS, THE PUBLIC, PRIVATE SECTOR, NGOs & POLITICIANS

WWP-NPARK-COLOURING CONTEST 21.12.03

WWP-NPARK-COLOURING CONTEST 4.12.05

WORKING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES ON WATER EDUCATION

Desalinated Water - US$1.76 – US$2.06/m3

Spain - US$ 0.93/m3 (2006)

Hong Kong – US$0.92/m3

Dubai US$0.90/m3

Singapore - US$0.62/m3

Australia (PAWA) – $0.60/m3

Texas, USA - US$0.59/m3

Tennessee Water Authority, USA – US$0.53/m3 - US$0.86/m3

Malawi – US$0.30/m3

Indonesia - US$0.21/m3

Malaysia - US$0.09/m3

India, Chandigarh - US$0.04/m3

ACT AS “WATCH DOG” FOR WATER TARIFFS

Casablanca, Morocco 1996

Penang, Malaysia 1997

Beirut, Lebanon 1998

Tehran, Iran 1999 & Paris, 1999

Lille, France “First World Citizens’ Assembly” 2001

Mumbai, India “World Social Forum” 2004

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2005

Marseille, France 2007

??? 2008

Istanbul, Turkey “World Water Forum” 2009

“WORLD CITIZENS’ ASSEMBLY ON WATER” (WCAW)

http://www.alliance21.org/2003/

http://www.wcaw.org/

Our aim is to invent, share & practice new forms of collective action, from local to global, so that together we can exercise more control & harmony with Nature, over the future of an increasingly complex & interdependent world.

4.0 Use of Water Demand Management Methods to Change Lifestyles Towards Sustainable Consumption

1 YEAR PROJECT GETTING RESIDENTS & THE CONDOMINIUM MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE

WORKING WITH APARTMENT WATER USE RESIDENTS ON WATER DEMAND 2008-2009 MANAGEMENT – NATIONAL BMP

PROJECT

TEACHING APARTMENT RESIDENTS ON SAVING WATER AT HOME

IRRESPONSIBLE ATTITUDES ARE THE

REASON WHY WE PENANGITES USE SO

MUCH WATER!

IF YOU USE > 200 LITRES PER PERSON PER DAY, YOU ARE OVER THE LIMIT

RAISING AWARENESS OF COMMUNITIES REGARDING WATER USAGE TO CHANGE THE WAY PEOPLE SEE & USE WATER

EXAMPLE OF CALCULATING WATER USE PER CAPITA/DAY:

CHAN WATER USAGE = 15600 Litres

15600 L = 260 L = 130 L/DAY

60 DAYS 2 PERSONS

ASK FAMILIES TO COMPARE THEIR WATER USAGE PER PERSON PER DAY WITH PEOPLE IN OTHER

STATES/COUNTRIES

PER CAPITA DOMESTIC WATER USAGE PER DAY

• MALAYSIA = 300 LITRES

• URBANITE IN MALAYSIA = 500 LITRES

• RURAL FOLK IN MALAYSIA = 200 LITRES

• PENANGITE = 469 LITRES

• KELANTANESE = 151 LITRES

• KL/SELANGOR = 323 LITRES

• AFRICA (AVERAGE) = 50 LITRES

• INDIA = 100 LITRES (USA = > 800 LITRES)

• CHAN = 130 LITRES

IF YOU USE > 200 LITRES PER PERSON PER DAY, YOU ARE OVER THE LIMIT

SPAIN = Average urban water use (l/c/d)180

IMPRESS UPON EVERYONE THAT 1 PERSON DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE BECAUSE IF EVERYONE IN MALAYSIA SAVES

WATER, THE AMOUNT OF WATER SAVED IS HUGE

Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 10 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 30 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 750 million litres Per Day = 274 billion litres Per Year.

Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 20 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 60 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 1500 million litres Per Day = 548 billion litres Per Year.

Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 50 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 150 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 3750 million litres Per Day = 1370 billion litres Per Year.

WE SAVE 65 TELUK BAHANG DAMS (21 BLILION LITRES)

CREATING GREATER AWARENESS AMONGST COMMUNITIES REGARDING HOW MUCH WATER

THEY ACTUALLY USE FOR THEIR DAILY USE

•Shower 50-100 Litres

•Watering lawn (Landed Property) 700 Litres

•Washing Dishes with Dishwasher 200 Litres

•Washing dishes with hand 50 Litres

•Washing clothes with washing machine 200 Litres

•Washing car with hose 400 Litres

•Brushing teeth with running tap 4 Litres

•Brushing teeth with a glass of water 0.5 Litres

•Cooking a meal for a family 40 Litres

•Drinking water for 1 person a day 2 Litres

•Flushing toilet (1 flush) 9 Litres

ENGAGING COMMUNITIES TO SAVE WATER & CHANGE HABITS AT HOME VIA SIMPLE &

PRACTICAL MEASURES

INFORMING COMMUNITIES OF AVAILABILITY OF WATER SAVING EQUIPMENT AT HOME

Type of Water saved Water saved Water saved Money saved Water Saved Money saved

Water based on worse based on based on based on based on based onSaving case scenario comparing comparing comparing comparing comparingMeasure (comparing most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient

most efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient to moderately to low efficientto least efficient efficient system system efficient systemsystem) system system

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Washing 27,000 16,200 21,600 RM13.50 RM8.10 RM10.80Clothes

Dishwashing 43,200 10,800 21,600 RM21.60 RM5.40 RM10.80

Showering 133,200 36,000 39,600 RM66.60 RM18.00 RM19.80

Toilet Flushing 81,900 31,500 56,700 RM40.95 RM15.75 RM28.35

Watering Lawn 39,600 10,800 21,600 RM19.80 RM5.40 RM10.80

TOTAL 324,900 105,300 161,100 rm162.40 RM52.65 RM80.55

DOMESTIC WATER AUDITTotal Amount of water saved per year via adding up

the water saving measures

Type of Water saved Water saved Water saved Money saved Water Saved Money saved

Water based on worse based on based on based on based on based on Saving case scenario comparing comparing comparing comparing comparing Measure (comparing most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient

most efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient efficient system system efficient system system) system system

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Washing 27,000 16,200 21,600 RM13.50 RM8.10 RM10.80 Clothes

Dishwashing 43,200 10,800 21,600 RM21.60 RM5.40 RM10.80

Showering 133,200 36,000 39,600 RM66.60 RM18.00 RM19.80

Toilet Flushing 81,900 31,500 56,700 RM40.95 RM15.75 RM28.35

Watering Lawn 39,600 10,800 21,600 RM19.80 RM5.40 RM10.80

TOTAL 324,900 105,300 161,100 rm162.40 RM52.65 RM80.55

DOMESTIC WATER AUDIT Total Amount of water saved per year via adding up

the water saving measures

1RM = US$0.28

         

WORKING WITH HOTELS IN WATER CONSERVATION

• “WATER AUDIT” FOR ALL TYPES OF USAGE IN HOTEL

• IDENTIFY/MONITOR WATER PRESSURE FOR LEAKS

• REPAIR ALL LEAKS IMMEDIATELY

• CONTROL WATER FLOW IN TAPS/FAUCETS BY REPLACING WITH WATER-SAVING EQUIPMENT

• RECYCLE WATER (RE-PIPE AIR-CONDITIONER WATER FOR HEATING, RE-PIPE WATER USED FOR COOLING FOR SHOWERS, ETC)

• INSTALLATION OF SPECIAL “VALVES” IN PIPES

• EDUCATE STAFF/GARDENERS ETC ON WATER SAVINGS

• EDUCATE CLIENTS/GUESTS ON WATER SAVING

• LOOK FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES (SPRING WATER, WELL WATER, RAINFALL HARVESTING, ETC)

• OTHER MEASURES (E.G. DROUGHT RESISTANT PLANTS)

• SAVINGS 25%-33% MONTHLY WATER BILL

(SAVED RM 8,000 – RM 10,000 PER MONTH)

• SAVINGS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT (IWK) BILL

• REDUCTION IN WATER POLLUTION

• GET RETURNS WITHIN 2-3 YEARS

• BETTER IMAGE (+ GREEN IMAGE)

• CORPORATE SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY

• INCREASED PROFITS

• LESS PROBLEMS

RESULTS OF WATER CONSERVATION IN HOTELS

         

 

• PEOPLE (EVEN 1 PERSON) CAN MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE WHEN THEY ARE

COMMITTED (STRONGLY BELIEVE IN SOMETHING)

• COMMUNITIES (PENANGITES) ARE WELL INFORMED & ONCE THEY UNDERSTAND A

PROBLEM, THEY CAN BE COMMITTED TO TAKE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION

• GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR ARE NOWADAYS VERY RESPONSIVE TO NGOs &

ARE LOOKING FOR PARTNERSHIPS (POTENTIAL FUNDING HERE)

• WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT IS THE KEY TO SUSTAINABLE WATER

MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE (WE NEED TO KNOW ALL ABOUT IT)

• INDUSTRY & BUSINESSES ARE LOOKING FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE WATER

USE (COSTS) & SAVE MONEY (POTENTIAL PARTNERHIPS)

• THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF TALENT/EXPERTISE IN COMMUNITIES (PENSIONERS,

HOUSEWIVES, STUDENTS, ETC) THAT WWP CAN TAP INTO

• PEOPLE ARE HORRIFIED OF DRINKING “RECYCLED” WATER & WOULD DO ANYTHING

TO AVOID IT. SAVING WATER “SAVES” THEM FROM THIS HORROR!

LESSONS LEARNT FROM WWP ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITIES

• CREATION OF A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”.

 

• WATER-RICH COUNTRIES CAN SUFFER FROM WATER PROBLEMS

DUE TO POOR MANAGEMENT

• WATER WATCH PENANG’S (WWP) WORK DEMONSTRATES THAT

COMMITTED PEOPLE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

• WWP HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO CHANGE

PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLE

• WWP’S WORK WITH GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR & LOCAL

COMMUNITIES SHOW THAT “SMART-PARTNERSHIPS” CAN WORK

• PENANG IS A WATER-POOR STATE & WATER DEMAND

MANAGEMENT (WDM) IS INEVITABLE & NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED IN

ALL DEVELOPMENT

• A COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL WATER SAVING CAMPAIGN

5.0 CONCLUSION

• CREATION OF A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”.

TERIMA KASIH

EVOLVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL SOCIETY INTO A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”

Water Watch Penang

10 Brown Road 10350 Penang, Malaysia Tel: +6-04-2283306 Fax: +6-04-2267042

www.waterwatchpenang.org

Email: nwchan1@yahoo.com

Make Every Drop Count

mailto:nwchan1@yahoo.comhttp:www.waterwatchpenang.org