RITE – The current status and future issues for the ... · IPCC – 2007 - 4AR • Figure...

CCS in AustraliaCCS in AustraliaDr Dennis R Van PuyveldeDr Dennis R Van Puyvelde

Technical and International Projects ManagerTechnical and International Projects ManagerCO2CRCCO2CRC

RITE – The current status and future issues for the development of CCS technology26 September 2008 – Tokyo JAPAN

© CO2CRC.All rights reserved.

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What is the problem?

CCS in Australia• Oxyfuel Project• Capture Demonstration & Research• Storage Potential Assessment• CO2CRC Otway Project• Other Australian Projects• International Collaboration

Australian CCS Technology Roadmap

Summary

IPCC IPCC –– 2007 2007 -- 4AR4AR

• Figure 3.2:Solid lines are multi-model global averages of surface warming (relative to 1980-1999) for the SRES scenarios A2, A1B and B1, shown as continuations of the 20th century

IPCC IPCC –– 2007 2007 –– 4AR4AR

CCS - Global Mitigation by 2050

Globally, 20% of 48 Gt reduction from CCS – 10 Gt CO2 pa

• IEA – 2008 – ETP: Figure 2.2 Contribution of emission reduction options, 2005-2050.

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Summary

Australian COAustralian CO22--e Emissionse Emissions

Sector Emissions (Mt CO2-e) Change from 1990 (%) 1990 2005 2020 2005 2020

Australia’s net emissions

547.1 559.1

702 +2.2 +127

Energy 287.0 391.0 516 +36.3 +180 Stationary Energy* 196.0 279.4 361 +42.6 +184Transport 61.9 80.4 99 +29.9 +162Fugitive* 29.1 31.2 55 +7.3 +184

Industrial Processes* 25.3 29.5 50 +16.5 +197 Agriculture 87.7 87.9 101 +0.2 +111 Land Use Change and Forestry

128.9 33.7 25 -73.9 -81

Waste 18.3 17.0 11 -6.9 -45 Total Potentially Sequesterable (*)

250.4 340.1 466 +89.7 Mt +36%

+215.6 Mt +86%

% Sequesterable to Australia’s net

45.8 60.8 66.4

• Australian Greenhouse Office (2006)

Cooperative Research Cooperative Research CentresCentres

• A CRC is a company formed through collaboration of businesses and researchers. This includes private sector organisations, industry associations, universities and government research agencies, and other end users.

More than 110 researchers across Australia and New Zealand with skills in chemical engineering, materials science and geology.

CO2CRC

StorageResearch &

DemonstrationCapture Research &

Demonstration

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Summary

CallideCallide A, CS Energy, QueenslandA, CS Energy, Queensland

Description – Retrofit 30MW oxyfuel coal-fired power plant for capture and storage demonstrationCapture – Oxy Combustion

• Capture Commences – 2009 Storage – Saline Aquifer or depleted oil/gas field

• Storage Commences – 2010• Storage rate – up to 50 ktpa

Cost – $A 206 million ($A 50 million LETDF)Funding Partners – CS Energy, Federal Government, COAL21 Fund, Xstrata Coal, Schlumberger, the Japanese Government and Japanese participants, JPower, Mitsui & Co. and IHI Corporation

CallideCallide A, CS Energy, QueenslandA, CS Energy, Queensland

Description – The oxyfuel combustion process, first conceived in Japan in 1974, has been tested in small-scale projects in Japan, the USA the UK and Europe. The Callide project will take the technology to a larger scale in order to demonstrate that it can be applied to existing and new coal-fired power stations to achieve very significant reductions (up to 90% of CO2) in emissions.International – APP Cleaner Fossil Energy Task Force Flagship ProjectResearch – University of Newcastle (CCSD) for oxycombustion technology, CO2CRC for definition of storage sites.

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Summary

Australian Capture Research

Post-Combustion Capture (PCC)R&D at CSIRO

Summary Presentation to CO2CRC

Newcastle 15 September 2008

Integrated PCC R&D Programme

Pilot plant programme (Learning by doing)• Hands-on experience for future operators• Identification of operational issues and requirements• Testing of existing and new technologies under real conditions

Lab research programme (Learning by searching)• Support to pilot plant operation and interpretation of results• Develop novel solvents and solvent systems which result in lower

costs for capture• Addressing Australian specifics (flue gases, water)

Established Pilot Plants

Latrobe Valley Post Combustion Project

- ETIS support- Loy Yang Power Station- Lignite- Amine based- No FGD/DeNox

- APP support - Munmorah Power Station- Black coal- Ammonia based- No FGD/DeNox

- APP support- Gaobeidian Power Station- Black coal- Amine based- FGD/DeNox installed

Our supporters

TPRI : Thermal Power Research Institute

http://www.tarongenergy.com.au/

CO2CRC Capture Demonstration ProjectsCO2CRC Capture Demonstration Projects

AIM

To demonstrate CO2 capture in pilot plant settings for a range of CO2 capture technologies and to

support this in the laboratory.

The overall preliminary plan and broad milestones are:

• Year 1: – Design, construct and commission equipment. – Define test procedures and detail programs. – Recruit personnel where necessary

• Year 2: – Operate test rigs, perform test program. – Collect data. – Ongoing evaluation

• Year 3: – Analyse data, run additional tests where required. – Ongoing evaluation. – Detailed evaluation and performance at large scale



Solvents

AdsorbentsMembranes

Post Combustion

Pre Combustion

Capture Demonstration Key FiguresCapture Demonstration Key Figures

• CO2CRC Hazelwood – PCC (Q4, 2008)– Solvent plant 16524 tonnes pa (at 90%online)– VSA plant 165 tonnes pa– Membrane plant 15 tonnes pa

• Loy Yang – CSIRO (Operational)– Solvent plant 1000 tonnes pa

• Munmorah – CSIRO (Being Commissioned)– Aqueous ammonia plant 2000 tonnes pa

• Mulgrave – Pre combustion (Q4, 2008)– Solvent plant ~ 700 tonnes pa– VSA plant 1 tonnes pa– Membrane plant ~ 8 tonnes pa

What next?What next?

• The work will provide valuable capture information for post and pre-combustion for all fuel types.

• Post Combustion– Contribute to the knowledge of possible PCC cost reductions

for all fuel types– Novel separation technologies demonstrated

• Pre-Combustion– If successful potential for slipstream on 400MW plant

• Overlap and integration with basic research program– Identify those areas to continue and those to drop

• Extend to other demonstration projects at larger scale

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Summary

Storage Capacity Pyramid

• Modified from CSLF/ Bachu et al – 2007

Storage Potential Assessment - GEODISC

WorkflowWorkflow

State Scale Screening - MethodologyCriteria for assessing sedimentary basins (modified after Bachu, 2003)

• Tectonic stability• Size• Depth• Reservoir-seal pairs• Faulting intensity• Geothermal gradient• Hydrocarbon potential• Coal• Coal rank• Salts• Onshore/offshore• Climate• Accessibility• Infrastructure

• Gibson-Poole et al – 2006 – Review of geological storage opportunities for CCS in Victoria

State Scale Screening - Ranking

• Gibson-Poole et al – 2006 – Review of geological storage opportunities for CCS in Victoria

Basin Scale Assessment ExampleBasin Scale Assessment Example

• Major study to identify techno-economic options for CCS of

Latrobe valley CO2 emissions.

• Context

– Assume future deployment of CCS for new coal developments

– Providing rationale for industrial hub concept and associated

CCS infrastructure

– Consider three generic case – 2, 15 and 50 Mtpa for costing and

technical assessment thus demonstrating economies of scale

Basin Scale AssessmentBasin Scale AssessmentInjection Scenarios

• Injection at several sites along regional migration pathways, sequentially & simultaneously, ramping up volume to 50 Mt/y

1. Kingfish Field: 15 Mt/y for 40 years2. Fortescue Field: 15 Mt/y for 40 years3. Basin centre & northern gas fields: 20 Mt/y for 40 years

AssumptionsAssumptions

• Costs as at Q1 2005.

• Real discount rate = 7%

• Project Life = 40 yrs

• Spare compressor trains (cycled)

• Capture not modelled

• New platforms for A, B and C cases

• Permeability = 150 millidarcies

• Fortescue and Central Deep properties the same as Kingfish

Real (2005) Storage Cost and COReal (2005) Storage Cost and CO22 AvoidedAvoided

0

10

20

30

40

A B1 B2 C1 C2

CO2

avoi

ded

(A$/

t)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Real

sto

rage

cos

t pe

r to

nne

of

Mas

s of

CO

2A

void

ed (

MM

t)

Compression

Pipelines

Injection

Remediation CO2 Avoided

The findings from the project indicate that:The findings from the project indicate that:• the existing oil and gas fields could store more than two

billion tonnes of CO2 once depleted;

• the regional seal rock is of good quality to store CO2;

• the geology, chemistry and hydrology are favourable for CO2 storage;

• CO2 will migrate very slowly through the reservoir rock over tens to hundreds of years;

• the unit cost of storage is low by world standards;

• risks are low and can be readily managed by proponents; and

• the targeted offshore injection sites are favourable for geosequestration.

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Summary

CO2CRC CO2CRC OtwayOtway ProjectProject

Aims:• Demonstrate that CCS is technically feasible and

environmentally safe. • Facilitate research into new monitoring technologies• Offer opportunities for trial and experimentation

thereby supporting education/training in greenhouse gas technologies

Specifically demonstrate that:Specifically demonstrate that:•• COCO22 can be can be safely produced, transported and safely produced, transported and

injectedinjected into the subinto the sub--surfacesurface•• COCO22 can be can be safely storedsafely stored• Subsurface behaviour of the injected CO2 can be

effectively modeled and monitored• Storage Volume can be verified as far as possible• Build public support for CCS as a mitigation

mechanism

CO2CRC CO2CRC OtwayOtway ProjectProject

Pipeline

Site Selection FactorsSite Selection Factors

• A source of carbon dioxide

• Oil and gas tenements available at an affordable price

• Large amount of exploration and production data

• Infrastructure in place

• Gas had demonstrably been trapped for a long time

• Community familiar with the oil industry

• Logistically accessible

• Adequate storage capacity & favourable geology

Monitoring & Verification ProgramMonitoring & Verification Program

OPERATIONS- CRC-1 successfully drilled (Feb 2007)

- Downhole geochemical and geophysical assembly installed and tested at Naylor-1

- Pipeline successfully installed (Jan 2008)

- Surface plant commissioned (Feb 2008)

- Injection commenced 2 April 2008 and ongoing for 12-18 months

- 20 000 tonnes injected (Sep 08)

SCIENCE- Baseline monitoring studies completed

(Mar 2008)

- Ongoing monitoring program out to 2014

Otway Project Progress

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Summary

CCS Project in Australia

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Summary

International Collaboration

CO2CRC Collaborations with Japan

• Strong links between University of Melbourne and Tokyo Instituteof Technology

– Solvents and membranes– Prof Stevens, Dr Kentish, Professors Kawasaki

• Collaborations with RITE and Curtin University of Technology– Otway project core analysis (Prof Evans)

• Meiji University and University of Melbourne– Polymer membranes work

• Exchange of researchers

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Summary

Every authoritative report that has appeared in the past four years has concluded that deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key mitigation option

Australian Technology Road MapAustralian Technology Road Map

The aim of a new Australian The aim of a new Australian technology road map must technology road map must now be to accelerate now be to accelerate commercial deployment of commercial deployment of CCS CCS ……

……. but there are still . but there are still barriers to achieving thisbarriers to achieving this

2017?

2015?

2020?

Barriers & Challenges

• Carbon trading/ emissions trading– Will this reflect real cost of abatement ?

• Growth in energy consumption• Recommendation to government for a 10% cut by 2020 (30%

below best estimate)– 20% renewable target

• Investment – no one wants to build power stations anymore• Storage regulation• Exploration – lack of data at depth• Cost of capture and efficiency penalty (more fossil fuels)• Public concern – NGO concern?• Lack of clarity from funding sources

Australian Technology Road MapAustralian Technology Road Map

Workshops OverviewWorkshops Overview

• Identify RD&D requirements– Build on earlier efforts (e.g. Canadian, US, UK, Saudi Arabian

and French roadmaps)– Happy to also refer to Japanese roadmap if available– During October 2008, aim to have a roadmap by early 2009

• Workshop 1: identifying the role of RD&D going forward • Workshop 2: Capture technology• Workshop 3: Storage technology & Site Assessment• Workshop 4: Monitoring & Verification

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Summary

Conclusions

• Australia is active in all areas of CCS Research, Development and Demonstration

• A coordinated approach to developing a strategy is being undertaken

• Key challenges are:– Identification and

characterisation of storage sites

– Storage regulations– Cost and energy penalty of

capture plants

Hiroaki Habaki - 2006 - working at University of Melbourne on absorbent column

CO2CRC Participants

Established & supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centres Programme

Supporting participants: Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism-AusIndustry |The Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts | CANSYD | Meiji University | Process Group | University of Queensland | Newcastle University I

Further InformationFurther Information

[email protected]@co2crc.com.auwww.co2crc.com.auwww.co2crc.com.au

RITE – The current status and future issues for the ... · IPCC – 2007 - 4AR • Figure...

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